Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

{"title":"Lies in the dark: An analysis of dark personality traits and dishonesty","authors":"Peyton G. Yarbrough,&nbsp;Christian L. Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research examining the link between dishonesty and malevolent personality traits has focused on the dark triad of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism (<span><span>Jonason et al., 2014</span></span>; <span><span>Paulhus &amp; Williams, 2002</span></span>). Recent research has proposed a broader model of dark traits, the dark core of personality (<span><span>Moshagen et al., 2018</span></span>). This correlational study aimed to investigate the connection between various types of lying behavior and the dark core of personality including the Lying Profile Questionnaire (<span><span>Makowski et al., 2023</span></span>), the 24-Hour Lie Question (<span><span>Hart et al., 2019</span></span>), the Revised Lie Acceptability Scale (<span><span>Oliveira &amp; Levine, 2008</span></span>), the Three Factor Lying Scale (<span><span>Hart et al., 2020</span></span>), the D70 (<span><span>Moshagen et al., 2020</span></span>), the honesty-humility scale from the HEXACO-60 (<span><span>Ashton &amp; Lee, 2009</span></span>), and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability short form (<span><span>Crowne &amp; Marlowe, 1960</span></span>; <span><span>Reynolds, 1982</span></span>). 537 participants completed questionnaires about lying behaviors and dark core personality trait measures. Results indicated that those with dark personality traits tend to lie more often and accept lying in everyday situations. Additionally, dark traits were correlated with an increased frequency of telling self-serving and vindictive lies but not altruistic lies. Specific themes within the dark core also had predictive power for specific types of lies. The results of this study suggest that dark traits are not universal predictors of lying; they are associated with a greater tendency to lie malevolently, but not benevolently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belief in a just world fosters the pursuit of eudaimonia and tolerance of pain through future orientation","authors":"Hezhi Chen ,&nbsp;Zhijia Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pursuing hedonia (the seeking of pleasure and the avoidance of pain) and eudaimonia (a meaningful life) are the two fundamental motives for happiness. Prior research has shown that happiness motives critically affect well-being. However, their antecedents remain unclear. This research investigates whether and how belief in a just world (the perception that the world is fundamentally fair and individuals generally receive what they deserve) affects happiness motives. Both trait (Study 1) and experimentally manipulated (Study 2) belief in a just world positively predicted motives for eudaimonia and negatively predicted motives to avoid painful experiences, but did not affect motives to seek pleasant experiences. Moreover, future orientation, defined as a general tendency to plan for the future and prioritize long-term outcomes, mediated the relationship between belief in a just world and happiness motives (Studies 1–3). Our findings indicate that the endorsement of different approaches to achieving happiness is partly a response to the perceived environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The associations between maternal caregivers' self-control, attachment and preschool children's self-control in Chinese urban three-generation families: Test of actor, partner, and indirect effects","authors":"Xiumin Cui ,&nbsp;Yuxin Tan ,&nbsp;Shanshan Xu ,&nbsp;Xiuyun Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In China, mother-grandmother co-parenting has emerged as one of the predominant parenting styles. Surprisingly, less is known about the impacts of dynamic interaction among subsystems on children in three-generation households. The current study examined how maternal caregivers' self-control specifically correlates with preschoolers' self-control and how caregiver-child attachment functions as a mediator in a mother-grandmother dyadic situation. A final sample of 495 mother-grandmother dyads in Southern China was recruited in this study. Mothers and grandmothers completed measures assessing caregivers' self-control, caregiver-child attachment, children's self-control and sociodemographic characteristics. The findings showed that both mothers' and grandmothers' self-control were indirectly linked to the child's self-control via the child's attachment to them and to their co-parents, implying that caregiver-child attachment played a major role in the intergenerational transfer of maternal caregivers' self-control. Significant actor and partner effects were obtained between mothers' and grandmothers' self-control and their children’ attachment to them. Additionally, the relationship between grandmother-child attachment and the grandmother's report of child self-control was stronger than that between mother-child attachment and the mother's report of child self-control. By extending the intergenerational transmission model of self-regulation and self-control theory to three-generation families, the present results illustrated the mechanism of intergenerational transmission of self-control in mother-grandmother co-parenting families and the differences in influence modes of mothers and grandmothers on children. Further, the novel findings uncovered in this paper emphasize the importance of considering the family as an interdependent dynamic system and including dyadic interactions between intergenerational caregivers in studies of preschool children's development in three-generation households.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the influence of self-esteem and self-compassion on daily psychological health: Insights from the experience sampling method","authors":"Hiroki Hirano,&nbsp;Keiko Ishii,&nbsp;Maaya Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study explored the influence of trait-level self-esteem and self-compassion on day-to-day positive and negative affect, levels of stress, and coping styles using the experience sampling method (ESM). The results of both Study 1 (American participants) and Study 2 (Japanese participants) demonstrated that individuals with higher self-esteem and self-compassion experienced greater positive affect, lower negative affect and stress, and were more likely to rely on adaptive coping strategies (e.g., problem-focused coping). The mediating role of coping also shed light on the underlying mechanisms linking self-esteem and self-compassion to better psychological functioning. However, the utility of each construct varied between the two nations, with both self-esteem and self-compassion being beneficial for American participants, whereas self-compassion played a more significant role among Japanese participants. Overall, the current findings suggest that although both self-esteem and self-compassion are conducive to better psychological health, their relative effectiveness may vary depending on cultural context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive bias in high-autistic trait individuals: An examination of attention allocation to threatening emotional stimuli","authors":"Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Kewen Wang,&nbsp;Huibin Jia,&nbsp;Qingqing He,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhang,&nbsp;Enguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The study explores cognitive biases in individuals with high autistic traits (AT), particularly their attention allocation to threatening emotional stimuli. It aims to understand whether these individuals exhibit attention biases similar to those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and how this relates to event-related potentials (ERP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were screened and divided into high and low AT groups based on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). The dot-probe task was used to measure attention bias, with EEG recordings analyzing P1 and N170 ERP components during automatic and controlled processing stages.</div><div>Results: Both groups showed attention bias towards threatening faces, with high AT individuals demonstrating early attention orientation during both processing stages. ERP data revealed differences in P1 and N170 components, suggesting atypical processing of emotional faces in high AT individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study concludes that high AT individuals exhibit attention biases and neural processing differences similar to those with ASD, particularly towards threatening emotional stimuli. These findings provide insights into the cognitive mechanisms of social challenges in the autism spectrum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From nonstarters through marathon to ultramarathon: A comparative analysis of models derived from a factor analysis of the Motivations of Marathoners Scales","authors":"Anna Akbaş ,&nbsp;Zbigniew Waśkiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motivation in sports is an intricate and diverse concept that significantly impacts athletes' actions and achievements. This study examines the motivational factors influencing nonstarters, marathoners, and ultramarathoners, utilizing the Motivations of Marathoners Scales (MOMS) as a framework. Grounded in the research of Masters et al. and Zach et al. for comparison, the study surveyed 277 nonstarters, 839 marathoners, and 423 ultramarathoners (<em>N</em> = 1537). An exploratory factor analysis revealed six core motivational factors for nonstarters and marathoners: <em>psychological coping</em>, <em>recognition</em>, <em>competition</em>, <em>general health orientation</em>, <em>affiliation</em>, and <em>weight concern</em>. Additionally, for ultramarathoners, a distinct motivational factor, <em>life meaning</em>, was identified, reflecting their pursuit of personal significance through running. Notably, the factor analysis challenges traditional views of marathon motivation by consolidating <em>personal goal achievement</em> and <em>competition</em> into a single factor. Contrary to earlier studies, <em>self-esteem</em> and <em>life meaning</em> did not emerge as independent variables, reducing the number of survey items to 29, a substantial reduction from the 56 and 60 items used by Masters et al. and Zach et al., respectively. The results emphasize a fundamental difference in motivational drivers: ultramarathoners are primarily motivated by intrinsic rewards and personal growth, whereas nonstarters are more influenced by extrinsic rewards and health-related goals. This research provides valuable insights for coaches, sports psychologists, and event organizers, offering a refined framework for understanding the diverse motivations of endurance athletes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective social class and subjective well-being: The promotive and protective role of future time perspective","authors":"Lei Jin,&nbsp;Wei Hu,&nbsp;Houchao Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drawing upon the person-environment interaction model and the 3P model of subjective well-being, this research examines whether the relationship between subjective social class and each subjective well-being indicator changes as a function of future time perspective. In Study 1 (<em>n</em> = 2781), participants completed questionnaires about subjective social class, future time perspective, and life satisfaction. The results demonstrated that the association between subjective social class and life satisfaction was stronger for those with high future time perspective relative to those with low future time perspective. In Study 2 (<em>n</em> = 207), participants completed social class manipulation, temporal orientation manipulation, and measures of positive and negative affect. The results showed that the relationship between subjective social class and positive affect was stronger for those with high future time perspective relative to those with low future time perspective, whereas the relationship between subjective social class and negative affect was stronger for those with low future time perspective relative to those with high future time perspective. These findings indicate that future time perspective may be an important moderator between social class and subjective well-being, but the nature of that moderation appears to depend on the subjective well-being indicator itself.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breathing exercises' impact on test anxiety and self-esteem in a high-stakes centralized exam setting","authors":"Ayça ARACI ,&nbsp;Derya UYSAL","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While considerable research addresses test anxiety, a clear gap exists regarding the efficacy of brief, classroom-integrated breathing exercises on both test anxiety and self-esteem specifically in middle school students preparing for high-stakes, centralized exams.</div></div><div><h3>Methodological approach</h3><div>Using quasi-experimental design, this study examined the effectiveness of an 8 week breathing exercise program on reducing test anxiety and enhancing self-esteem among 8th grade students who were preparing for the Turkish centralized exam. Data were collected through the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Spielberger Test Anxiety Scale, and a qualitative questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Key results</h3><div>Results revealed a significant negative correlation between test anxiety and self-esteem before the intervention. Post-intervention, mean test anxiety scores decreased by 5.05 points (SD = 2.15), from 44.90 to 39.85 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.41), indicating a statistically significant and small to moderate effect size. Self-esteem increased by a non-significant average of 0.7 points (<em>p</em> = 0.130).</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The current study demonstrates the value of integrating a structured breathing exercise program that included 12 distinct breathing exercises, and was delivered by a qualified therapist to reduce test anxiety in middle school students. However, the minimal impact on self-esteem suggests future studies should explore integrated stress management and self-esteem interventions using more robust designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family support more strongly associated with academic performance in collectivist and in economically less developed societies","authors":"Qingke Guo ,&nbsp;Yining Huang ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parents and other family members play important roles in adolescents' academic success. Using a sample of 433,549 participants from 71 countries, we explored the relationship between family support and adolescents' academic performance, and the moderating roles of economic development and cultural individualism. The results suggest a positive association between family support and adolescents' academic performance in a global context, which may decrease to some extent with economic development and increase in cultural individualism. In developing countries family support is more important as it is a relatively scarce resource obtained from parents that cannot be compensated for by other resources. In individualist (relative to collectivist) societies adolescents are more likely to consider academic pursuit as personal affairs which should not be influenced by their parents. Excessive parental involvement may threaten autonomy and intrinsic motivation. The findings of this study suggest that parental involvement is a ubiquitous factor that still functions well in promoting children's academic success in today's world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, validation, and psychometric properties of the Italian and English version of the Boredom Intolerance Scale (BIS)","authors":"Valerio Pellegrini ,&nbsp;Estelle Leombruni ,&nbsp;Stefania Iazzetta ,&nbsp;Marco Saettoni ,&nbsp;Andrea Gragnani","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present paper proposes developing and validating the Boredom Intolerance Scale (BIS) – the first and only measure assessing the degree to which individuals are able to stand the experience of boredom. Across three studies (<em>N</em> = 1397), the psychometric properties of the BIS are presented. Exploratory factor analysis, implemented in Study 1, suggested a unidimensional and 6-item structure with high reliability. Study 2 ratified the emerged structure by using a confirmatory factor analysis. Corroboration of the measure's robustness was provided by a multigroup CFA, which yielded evidence for the gender invariance of the BIS Italian version. Study 3 validated the English version of the BIS, indicating a robust factor structure with high reliability and invariance across participants' gender. Study 3 also proved the BIS's invariance across English and Italian versions. Construct validity was examined across Studies 2 and 3, yielding significant associations of the BIS with measures of trait and state boredom, relaxation sensitivity, neuroticism, anxiety, anger, impulsiveness, depression, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. These findings suggest that the BIS is a psychometrically sound measure with possible implications for researchers and practitioners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}