Developmental Psychology最新文献_第9页

An asynchronous, hands-off workflow for looking time experiments with infants. 用于婴儿观察时间实验的非同步、无需动手的工作流程。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001791

Gal Raz, Sabrina Piccolo, Janine Medrano, Shari Liu, Kirsten Lydic, Catherine Mei, Victoria Nguyen, Tianmin Shu, Rebecca Saxe

{"title":"An asynchronous, hands-off workflow for looking time experiments with infants.","authors":"Gal Raz, Sabrina Piccolo, Janine Medrano, Shari Liu, Kirsten Lydic, Catherine Mei, Victoria Nguyen, Tianmin Shu, Rebecca Saxe","doi":"10.1037/dev0001791","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001791","url":null,"abstract":"The study of infant gaze has long been a key tool for understanding the developing mind. However, labor-intensive data collection and processing limit the speed at which this understanding can be advanced. Here, we demonstrate an asynchronous workflow for conducting violation-of-expectation (VoE) experiments, which is fully \"hands-off\" for the experimenter. We first replicate four classic VoE experiments in a synchronous online setting, and show that VoE can generate highly replicable effects through remote testing. We then confirm the accuracy of a state-of-the-art gaze annotation software, iCatcher+ in a new setting. Third, we train parents to control the experiment flow based on the infant's gaze. Combining all three innovations, we then conduct an asynchronous automated infant-contingent VoE experiment. The hands-off workflow successfully replicates a classic VoE effect: infants look longer at inefficient actions than efficient ones. We compare the resulting effect size and statistical power to the same study run in-lab and synchronously via Zoom. The hands-off workflow significantly reduces the marginal cost and time per participant, enabling larger sample sizes. By enhancing the reproducibility and robustness of findings relying on infant looking, this workflow could help support a cumulative science of infant cognition. Tools to implement the workflow are openly available. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal relations among temperament, cognitive control, and anxiety: From toddlerhood to late adolescence. 气质、认知控制和焦虑之间的纵向关系：从幼儿期到青春后期

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001802

Colin L Drexler, Emilio A Valadez, Santiago Morales, Sonya V Troller-Renfree, Lauren K White, Kathryn A Degnan, Heather A Henderson, Daniel S Pine, Nathan A Fox

{"title":"Longitudinal relations among temperament, cognitive control, and anxiety: From toddlerhood to late adolescence.","authors":"Colin L Drexler, Emilio A Valadez, Santiago Morales, Sonya V Troller-Renfree, Lauren K White, Kathryn A Degnan, Heather A Henderson, Daniel S Pine, Nathan A Fox","doi":"10.1037/dev0001802","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001802","url":null,"abstract":"Children with a history of behaviorally inhibited (BI) temperament face a heightened risk for anxiety disorders and often use control strategies that are less planful. Although these relations have been observed concurrently in early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence, few studies leverage longitudinal data to examine long-term prospective relations between cognitive control and anxiety. Using longitudinal data from 149 adolescents (55% female; from predominantly White middle-class families), we assessed temperament in toddlerhood and cognitive control and anxiety at 4, 12, 15, and 18 years of age. At age 4, separate measures of task switching and inhibitory control were obtained via the Dimensional Change Card Sort and Stroop tasks, respectively. At 12, 15, and 18 years of age, planful control was assessed with the AX-Continuous Performance Test, and anxiety symptoms were assessed via self-report. Growth curve models revealed that children with greater inhibitory control at age 4, regardless of BI status, experienced a sharper increase in anxiety symptoms across adolescence. Children with heightened BI during early childhood displayed lower levels of planful control at age 12, but experienced a more rapid improvement in these skills across adolescence. Children with greater task switching ability at age 4 displayed higher levels of planful control at age 12, but experienced a smaller increase in these skills across adolescence. Finally, children's growth rate for anxiety was unrelated to their growth rate for planful control. These findings reveal that early-life temperament, cognitive control, and anxiety remain interconnected across development, from toddlerhood to at least late adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vowel harmony preferences in infants growing up in multilingual Ghana (Africa). 在多语言加纳（非洲）长大的婴儿的元音和谐偏好。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001776

Paul Okyere Omane, Titia Benders, Natalie Boll-Avetisyan

{"title":"Vowel harmony preferences in infants growing up in multilingual Ghana (Africa).","authors":"Paul Okyere Omane, Titia Benders, Natalie Boll-Avetisyan","doi":"10.1037/dev0001776","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001776","url":null,"abstract":"Infants' preference for vowel harmony (VH, a phonotactic constraint that requires vowels in a word to be featurally similar) is thought to be language-specific: Monolingual infants learning VH languages show a listening preference for VH patterns by 6 months of age, while those learning non-VH languages do not (Gonzalez-Gomez et al., 2019; Van Kampen et al., 2008). We investigated sensitivity to advanced tongue root (ATR) harmony in Akan (Kwa, Niger-Congo) in 40 six-month-old multilingual infants (21 girls) in Ghana, West Africa (an understudied population), all learning Akan, Ghanaian English, and most of them several other understudied African languages (e.g., Ga, Ewe). We hypothesized that infants learning both ATR harmony and nonharmony languages would demonstrate sensitivity to ATR harmony. Using the central fixation procedure, infants were presented with disyllabic nonwords that were either harmonic (e.g., puti) or nonharmonic (e.g., petɔ) based on their ATR features. Infants demonstrated sensitivity to ATR harmony with a familiarity preference, listening longer to harmonic syllable sequences than nonharmonic ones. The relative amount of exposure to (an) ATR harmony language(s) did not modulate the preference. These results shed light on our understanding of early multilingualism: they suggest that early sensitivity to VH in multilinguals may be similar to monolingual infants learning other types of VH, irrespective of simultaneous experience with non-VH languages. We conclude with reflections on studying infant language acquisition in multilingual Africa. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between developmental patterns of single and concurrent externalizing behaviors and internalizing problems over the preschool years. 学龄前期单一和并发的外化行为与内化问题的发展模式之间的关联。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001779

Rene Carbonneau, Frank Vitaro, Mara Brendgen, Michel Boivin, Richard E Tremblay

{"title":"Association between developmental patterns of single and concurrent externalizing behaviors and internalizing problems over the preschool years.","authors":"Rene Carbonneau, Frank Vitaro, Mara Brendgen, Michel Boivin, Richard E Tremblay","doi":"10.1037/dev0001779","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001779","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated whether distinct developmental patterns of externalizing behaviors (EBs: hyperactivity-impulsivity, noncompliance, physical aggression) based on parent reports were repeatedly and differentially associated with separate dimensions of internalizing problems such as general anxiety, separation anxiety, and depressive symptoms across the early, middle, and late preschool years in a population birth cohort (N = 2,057, 50.7% boys). Six high trajectory classes obtained by latent growth modeling were used as longitudinal indicators of single EB and co-occurrent EBs. Children following low or moderate trajectories for all EBs served as the reference class. Results revealed that children in trajectory classes reflecting high levels of co-occurring EBs showed higher levels of general anxiety, separation anxiety, and depressive symptoms across the preschool years. In contrast, children in trajectory classes reflecting single EB manifested higher levels of some, but not all, dimensions of internalizing problems. In addition, their scores varied from one period to another. No sex differences were observed in the above associations. These results underline the need for comprehensive assessments across distinct types of EBs and internalizing problems to better reflect the characteristics that distinguish individual children. Finally, results suggest that children showing early co-occurrent EBs and internalizing symptoms may be an important group to target for in-depth assessment and possibly preventive intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The legacy of harsh parenting: Enduring and sleeper effects on trajectories of externalizing and internalizing symptoms. 严厉养育的遗产：对外化和内化症状轨迹的持久影响和睡眠影响。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001754

Morgan J Thompson, J Benjamin Hinnant, Stephen A Erath, Mona El-Sheikh

{"title":"The legacy of harsh parenting: Enduring and sleeper effects on trajectories of externalizing and internalizing symptoms.","authors":"Morgan J Thompson, J Benjamin Hinnant, Stephen A Erath, Mona El-Sheikh","doi":"10.1037/dev0001754","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001754","url":null,"abstract":"Guided by developmental models examining the legacy of childhood caregiving environments, we examined the longitudinal pattern of associations between harsh parenting and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms across late childhood to late adolescence. Participants included 199 youth (48.7% female, 65.3% White, 32.2% Black, 2.5% biracial) and their mothers and fathers from a diverse range of socioeconomic backgrounds. The study utilized a multi-informant, longitudinal design including five waves of data (youths' mean ages were 9, 10, 11, 17, and 18 across waves). Harsh parenting at Age 9 predicted higher levels of (a) externalizing symptoms at Ages 11, 17, and 18 and (b) internalizing symptoms at Ages 17 and 18. Developmental sensitivity analyses revealed that the magnitude of the more distal association between early harsh parenting and later internalizing and externalizing symptoms was statistically stronger as compared to more proximal associations. Bidirectional analyses revealed that externalizing symptoms at Age 9 predicted harsh parenting at Ages 9, 10, 11, 17, and 18. Whereas links between harsh parenting and internalizing symptoms were consistent with a sleeper effects model, links between harsh parenting and externalizing symptoms provided some support for both enduring and sleeper effects models. Findings inform an understanding of youth developmental sensitivity to harsh parenting and the downstream consequences of harsh parenting. Results have important translational implications, including testing the long-term efficacy of therapeutic programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal changes in the value and influence of parent and peer attitudes about externalizing behaviors across adolescence. 父母和同伴对青少年外化行为的价值和影响的纵向变化。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001715

Kathy T Do, Eva H Telzer

{"title":"Longitudinal changes in the value and influence of parent and peer attitudes about externalizing behaviors across adolescence.","authors":"Kathy T Do, Eva H Telzer","doi":"10.1037/dev0001715","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001715","url":null,"abstract":"This preregistered, longitudinal study examined how much adolescents value and integrate their parents' and peers' attitudes into their own attitudes from early to middle adolescence. Across three waves, participants (N = 172, 91 female, 11-16 years across three waves; 439 data points) decided whether to pay money to learn their parents' or peers' attitudes about externalizing behaviors. Multivariate growth models revealed that adolescents were consistently willing to pay money over time to learn their parents' and peers' attitudes. The value of learning peers'-but not parents'-attitudes predicted changes in personal attitudes during adolescence, and this did not change across age. Moreover, the effect of others' attitude value on social influence weakened from early to middle adolescence, such that early adolescents who highly valued learning the attitudes of others (i.e., paid more) tended to shift their own attitudes more toward those endorsing positive influence, regardless of the source. In contrast, early adolescents who valued learning others' attitudes less were less susceptible to positive social influence. Importantly, this effect went away in middle adolescence. Although adolescents are highly motivated to learn their parents' and peers' attitudes about externalizing behaviors, how much those attitudes inform their personal attitudes depends on the source of input and the age of adolescents.learning the attitudes of others (i.e., paid more) tended to shift their own attitudes more toward those endorsing positive influence, regardless of the source. In contrast, early adolescents who valued learning others' attitudes less were less susceptible to positive social influence. Importantly, this effectwent away inmiddle adolescence.Although adolescents are highly motivated to learn their parents' and peers' attitudes about externalizing behaviors, how much those attitudes inform their personal attitudes depends on the source of input and the age of adolescents (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consistency and variability in multimodal parent-child social interaction: An at-home study using head-mounted eye trackers. 多模态亲子社交互动的一致性和可变性：使用头戴式眼动仪进行的家庭研究。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001756

Sara E Schroer, Ryan E Peters, Chen Yu

{"title":"Consistency and variability in multimodal parent-child social interaction: An at-home study using head-mounted eye trackers.","authors":"Sara E Schroer, Ryan E Peters, Chen Yu","doi":"10.1037/dev0001756","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001756","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time attention coordination in parent-toddler dyads is often studied in tightly controlled laboratory settings. These studies have demonstrated the importance of joint attention in scaffolding the development of attention and the types of dyadic behaviors that support early language learning. Little is known about how often these behaviors occur in toddlers' everyday lives. We brought wireless head-mounted eye trackers to families' homes to study the moment-to-moment patterns of toddlers' and parents' visual attention and manual activity in daily routines. Our sample consisted of English- and Spanish-speaking families who all reported being middle- or upper middle-class. Toddlers were 2 to 3 years old. Consistent with the findings from previous laboratory studies, we found variability in how frequently toddlers attended to named objects in two everyday activities-Object Play and Mealtime. We then tested whether parent-toddler joint attention in the seconds before a naming utterance increased toddler's attention on the named object. We found that joint attention accompanied by the attended object being held increased the child's attention to the labeled object during naming. We posit that in the rich, noisy world of toddlers' everyday lives, embodied attention plays a critical role in coordinating dyadic behaviors and creating informative naming moments. Our findings highlight the importance of studying toddlers' natural behavior in the real world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Boundedness supports children's event representations. 有界性支持儿童的事件表征。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001782

Yue Ji, Anna Papafragou

{"title":"Boundedness supports children's event representations.","authors":"Yue Ji, Anna Papafragou","doi":"10.1037/dev0001782","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001782","url":null,"abstract":"Natural languages distinguish between telic predicates that denote events leading to an inherent endpoint (e.g., draw a balloon) and atelic predicates that denote events with no inherent endpoint (e.g., draw balloons). Telicity distinctions in many languages are already partly available to 4-5-year-olds. Here, using exclusively nonlinguistic tasks and a sample of English-speaking children, we ask whether young learners use corresponding temporal notions to characterize event structure-that is, whether children represent events in cognition as bounded temporal entities with a specified endpoint or unbounded temporal units that could in principle extend indefinitely. We find that 4-5-year-old children in our sample compute boundedness during an event categorization task (Experiment 1) and distinguish event boundedness from event completion (Experiment 2). Furthermore, 4-5-year-olds in our sample evaluate interruptions at event endpoints versus midpoints differently-but only for events that are construed as bounded, presumably because in such construals, events truly culminate (Experiment 3). We conclude that young children represent events in terms of foundational and abstract temporal properties. These properties could support the acquisition of linguistic aspectual distinctions and further scaffold the way children conceptualize and process their dynamic experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parasympathetic regulation and support from family and friends predict prosocial development in U.S. Mexican-origin adolescents. 副交感神经调节和亲友支持可预测美国墨西哥裔青少年的亲社会发展。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001780

Paul D Hastings, Jonas G Miller, David G Weissman, Ryan T Hodge, Richard W Robins, Gustavo Carlo, Amanda E Guyer

{"title":"Parasympathetic regulation and support from family and friends predict prosocial development in U.S. Mexican-origin adolescents.","authors":"Paul D Hastings, Jonas G Miller, David G Weissman, Ryan T Hodge, Richard W Robins, Gustavo Carlo, Amanda E Guyer","doi":"10.1037/dev0001780","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001780","url":null,"abstract":"Both parasympathetic nervous system regulation and receipt of social support from close relationships contribute to prosocial development, although few studies have examined their combined influences in adolescence and particularly within racially and ethnically minoritized populations. In this longitudinal study of 229 U.S. Mexican-origin adolescents (48% female-identifying), youths reported on receipt of social support from family and friends from 10 to 16 years, had their baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) measured at 17 years, reported their prosocial behavior and completed the Mind in the Eyes test to assess cognitive empathy at 17 and 19 years, and reported their prosocial civic behavior (i.e., community activity) at 19 years. Family social support predicted prosocial behavior at 17 years, and friend social support predicted prosocial civic behavior at 19 years. Compared to youths with lower or higher baseline RSA, youths with moderate RSA reported more prosocial civic behavior, had greater cognitive empathy, and tended to report more general prosocial behavior at 19 years. The quadratic association between baseline RSA and cognitive empathy was stronger for youths with greater family social support. These findings are the first to extend the evidence that moderate baseline parasympathetic nervous system activity supports prosocial development into late adolescence and with the U.S. Mexican-origin community, and these findings address calls for more integrative biopsychosocial studies of prosociality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Association Between Developmental Patterns of Single and Concurrent Externalizing Behaviors and Internalizing Problems Over the Preschool Years 学龄前单一和并发外化行为与内化问题发展模式之间的关联》补充材料

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001779.supp

引用次数: 0