Developmental Psychology最新文献_第9页

Prevalence and characteristics of infants' prosocial helping strategies between 11 and 20 months of age. 11 到 20 个月大婴儿亲社会帮助策略的普遍性和特点。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001760

Meghan Rose Donohue, Laura Hennefield, Cynthia E Rogers, Deanna M Barch, Joan Luby

{"title":"Prevalence and characteristics of infants' prosocial helping strategies between 11 and 20 months of age.","authors":"Meghan Rose Donohue, Laura Hennefield, Cynthia E Rogers, Deanna M Barch, Joan Luby","doi":"10.1037/dev0001760","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001760","url":null,"abstract":"Although limited research suggests that infants can behave prosocially even before their first birthdays, the prevalence and characteristics of early prosocial behaviors remain unexplored. Indeed, very few studies of prosocial development have included 12-month-old infants or examined how prosociality changes across the second year, and none has assessed individual differences in prosocial strategy use. This study investigated prosocial helping behaviors in a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of 220 11- to 20-month-olds living in the United States (45.5% female; 61% Black; 67.2% low socioeconomic status). At 12 months (n = 153), > 80% of infants helped an experimenter retrieve out-of-reach items. Modest increases in helping were observed across the second year of life. Individual differences in specific helping strategies were also detected. Infants who helped more by handing an item to an experimenter on one task (rather than placing the item in a target location) also helped more by handing on another task; similar patterns were found with placing. Moreover, the type of strategy was associated with age and sex: older infants and male infants used more placing. The high rates of helping by 12 months of age and the use of individual helping strategies demonstrate that infants have robust prosocial abilities beyond those previously documented. These findings contribute critical information about the typical development of prosocial behaviors in the largest and most racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of infants to date. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"215-227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The child's history of early stance toward parental socialization as a context for emerging moral self: A cascade from infancy to toddlerhood to preschool age. 儿童早期对父母社会化立场的历史是道德自我形成的背景：从婴儿期到幼儿期再到学龄前期的层层递进。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001891

Juyoung Kim, Grazyna Kochanska

{"title":"The child's history of early stance toward parental socialization as a context for emerging moral self: A cascade from infancy to toddlerhood to preschool age.","authors":"Juyoung Kim, Grazyna Kochanska","doi":"10.1037/dev0001891","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001891","url":null,"abstract":"As interest in early morality has grown, researchers have increasingly focused on young children's moral self, but recent studies have targeted mostly its structure and associations with behavior rather than its developmental origins. Addressing this gap, we followed children, mothers, and fathers in U.S. Midwest from late infancy (16 months old, N = 194, 93 girls, 101 boys), to toddlerhood (3 years old, N = 175, 86 girls, 89 boys), to preschool age (4.5 years old, N = 177, 86 girls, 91 boys). We proposed that moral self at preschool age originates in the second and third years, when the onset of parental control engenders in the child both receptive and adversarial stance toward the parent. In infancy and in toddlerhood, we collected behavioral indications of both stances-positive affect and responsiveness (in toddlerhood, also positive representation of the parent); and defiance and violations of parental prohibition. At preschool age, we measured child moral self in a puppet interview (Kochanska, 2002). For both mother-child and father-child relationships, structural equation modeling supported direct paths from receptive and adversarial stance at age 3 years to higher and lower moral self, respectively, and the expected indirect effects of the child's receptive stance in infancy on moral self, mediated by the receptive or adversarial stance in toddlerhood. The path from toddler-age adversarial stance to lower moral self was present only in father-son relationships. This study highlights the long-term pivotal significance of the child's early stance toward the parent for the formation of moral self. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"323-335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How peer relationships influence adolescents' reasoning about theft-based moral transgressions. 同伴关系如何影响青少年对基于偷窃的道德过失的推理。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001863

Laura K Soter, Martha K Berg, Ethan Kross, Susan A Gelman

{"title":"How peer relationships influence adolescents' reasoning about theft-based moral transgressions.","authors":"Laura K Soter, Martha K Berg, Ethan Kross, Susan A Gelman","doi":"10.1037/dev0001863","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001863","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies (Ntotal = 1,153) investigated how adolescents reason about whether to report a transgression committed by a close friend versus distant classmate. In Study 1, sixth-ninth graders (Mage = 12.36 years, SDage = 1.14 years; 55% girls, 44% boys; 2% Asian, 63% Black, 13% Latino, 7% multiracial, 7% White; low-income urban schools) were less willing to report close friends than distant classmates, for both high- and low-severity thefts. In Study 2, seventh-eighth graders (Mage = 12.87 years, SDage = 0.07 years; 48% girls, 45% boys; 2% Asian, 2% Black, 3% Latino, 85% White, 2% multiracial; 29% free/reduced lunch) said they both actually would and morally should report close others less than distant others, but relationship affected \"would\" judgments more than \"should\" ones. In their explanations, participants most often appealed to practical outcomes, morality, and relationship to the transgressor-but frequency of these varied based on relationship to the transgressor and judgment type. These studies provide evidence that relational closeness influences both how adolescents reason about peers' transgressions and what they think is morally right to do-and that their reasoning involves both practical and moral considerations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"366-382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The longitudinal network of peer problems and emotional symptoms among Australian adolescents: Bayesian structure learning of directed acyclic graphs. 澳大利亚青少年同伴问题与情绪症状的纵向网络：有向无环图的贝叶斯结构学习。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001915

Pedro Henrique Ribeiro Santiago, Lisa Smithers, Michelle Townsend, Adrian Quintero, Alyssa Sawyer, Gustavo Soares, Kym McCormick, Alexandra Procter, Lisa Jamieson

{"title":"The longitudinal network of peer problems and emotional symptoms among Australian adolescents: Bayesian structure learning of directed acyclic graphs.","authors":"Pedro Henrique Ribeiro Santiago, Lisa Smithers, Michelle Townsend, Adrian Quintero, Alyssa Sawyer, Gustavo Soares, Kym McCormick, Alexandra Procter, Lisa Jamieson","doi":"10.1037/dev0001915","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001915","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is a period in which peer problems and emotional symptoms markedly increase in prevalence. However, the causal mechanisms regarding how peer problems cause emotional symptoms at a behavioral level and vice versa remain unknown. To address this gap, the present study investigated the longitudinal network of peer problems and emotional symptoms among Australian adolescents aged 12-14 years. Data were from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. The complete case samples included adolescents who participated in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children B (n = 2,694) or K (n = 3,144) Cohorts at two study follow-ups (ages 12 and 14). Peer problems and emotional symptoms were measured with the self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The analytical steps were (a) in Study 1, a causal discovery algorithm, Bayesian structure learning of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), was used to identify the longitudinal network in the K Cohort; (b) the DAG discovered was evaluated with Bayesian structural equation modeling in an independent sample (the B Cohort) and compared against a DAG established through expert knowledge; and (c) in Study 2, the longitudinal network was again evaluated but considered contemporaneous effects. The empirically discovered DAG provided a better explanation of independent data than the expert DAG. Based on the discovered DAG, several plausible causal effects were identified such as that being bullied at age 12 negatively affected popularity at age 14. This study provides new insights into potential causal effects established between peer problems and emotional symptoms among Australian adolescents aged 12-14 years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Equitable shifts in youth resilience? Distinguishing normative changes and pandemic effects on academic self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal. 青年适应能力的公平转变？区分学术自我效能感和认知重评的规范变化和流行效应。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001913

Juuso Repo, Sanna Herkama, Christina Salmivalli

{"title":"Equitable shifts in youth resilience? Distinguishing normative changes and pandemic effects on academic self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal.","authors":"Juuso Repo, Sanna Herkama, Christina Salmivalli","doi":"10.1037/dev0001913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001913","url":null,"abstract":"This preregistered longitudinal study examined the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal in early adolescence. It followed and compared two cohorts over 4 years: one prepandemic (11-14 years, 2016-2019) and one during the pandemic (2019-2022). The study analyzed annual well-being surveys merged with school enrolment data from South Australian public schools (N = 28,307, 49% female). Employing latent growth modeling and a novel cohort comparison design, the study addressed a major limitation in pandemic studies: It separated pandemic effects from normative developmental changes. Results indicate that the pandemic cohort largely followed typical, yet declining, developmental trajectories, showing resilience at a population level. Unexpectedly, the examination of multiple covariates (i.e., gender, socioeconomic status, non-English background, anxiety, peer belonging, teacher support) showed that preexisting vulnerabilities did not predict adverse pandemic effects. This research underscores the value of longitudinal data infrastructures and the importance of understanding normative youth development and resilience research in discerning the effects of pandemics or other widespread crises. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The development of cardinal extension: From counting to exact equality. 基数扩展的发展：从计数到精确相等。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001922

Khuyen N Le, Rose M Schneider, David Barner

{"title":"The development of cardinal extension: From counting to exact equality.","authors":"Khuyen N Le, Rose M Schneider, David Barner","doi":"10.1037/dev0001922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001922","url":null,"abstract":"Numerate adults know that when two sets are equal, they should be labeled by the same number word. We explored the development of this principle-sometimes called \"cardinal extension\"-and how it relates to children's other numerical abilities. Experiment 1 revealed that 2- to 5-year-old children who could accurately count large sets often inferred that two equal sets should be labeled with the same number word, unlike children who could not accurately count large sets. However, not all counters made this inference, suggesting that learning to construct and label large sets may be a necessary but not sufficient step in learning how numbers represent exact quantities. Experiment 2 found that children who extended labels to equal sets were not actually sensitive to exact equality and that they often assigned two sets the same label when they were approximately equal, but differed by just one item (violating one-to-one correspondence). These results suggest a gradual, stagelike, process in which children learn to accurately count, learn to extend labels to perceptually similar sets, and then eventually restrict cardinal extension to sets that are exactly equal. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A strategic mindset enhances children's generation of effective strategies and delay of gratification across tasks. 战略思维增强了儿童在任务中产生有效策略和延迟满足的能力。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001916

Patricia Chen, Khai Qing Chua, Hui Yan Lim, Yilin Sharon Hoe, Qiao Kang Teo, Gregory M Walton, Carol S Dweck

{"title":"A strategic mindset enhances children's generation of effective strategies and delay of gratification across tasks.","authors":"Patricia Chen, Khai Qing Chua, Hui Yan Lim, Yilin Sharon Hoe, Qiao Kang Teo, Gregory M Walton, Carol S Dweck","doi":"10.1037/dev0001916","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001916","url":null,"abstract":"Overcoming challenges to achieve success involves being able to spontaneously come up with effective strategies to address different task demands. Research has linked individual differences in such strategy generation and use to optimal development over time and greater success across many areas of life. Yet, there is surprisingly little experimental evidence that tests how we might help young children to spontaneously generate and apply effective strategies across different challenging tasks. We test this in an area important to development: delaying gratification. To do this, we developed a \"strategic mindset\" storybook that encouraged children, when waiting felt hard, to ask themselves strategy-eliciting questions, such as: \"What can I try to be better at this?\" In two experiments (N = 237), 5- to 6-year-old children who read the strategic mindset storybook with an experimenter (vs. a control storybook) waited significantly longer to receive desirable treats (Experiments 1 and 2) and to watch an appealing YouTube video (Experiment 2). Moreover, they were able to wait longer because they spontaneously generated and applied a greater number of effective waiting strategies. Going beyond classic research that taught children specific strategies to delay gratification, our results suggest that our new \"metacognitive\" approach can empower children's self-regulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A life course approach to examine cumulative impacts of parental migration on children's psychological well-being and education in Southeast Asia. 研究东南亚父母移民对儿童心理健康和教育的累积影响的生命历程方法。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001879

Yao Fu, Maruja M B Asis, Sukamdi, Xiaochen Zhou, Lucy P Jordan

{"title":"A life course approach to examine cumulative impacts of parental migration on children's psychological well-being and education in Southeast Asia.","authors":"Yao Fu, Maruja M B Asis, Sukamdi, Xiaochen Zhou, Lucy P Jordan","doi":"10.1037/dev0001879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001879","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have raised concerns about parental migration's effects on various aspects of the left-behind children's development. However, there is limited understanding of how parental migration influences children over the life course. This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating how exposure to parental migration during childhood shapes later development in Indonesia and the Philippines, two major labor-sending countries in Southeast Asia. Adopting a life course perspective, we examine how the timing, sequence, and cumulative extent of parental migration affect children's outcomes. We used longitudinal data from 1,023 households in 2008 (with children aged 4.56 on average) and 849 households in 2016/17 (with children aged 12.78 on average). Retrospective information on children's exposure to parental migration during early childhood (under 3), middle childhood (4-5), and late childhood (6-10) was constructed for its impact on individuals' school performance and psychological well-being during early adolescence (11-14). The findings indicate that the timing of children's initial exposure to parental migration impacts certain aspects of their development. In Indonesia, paternal migration during middle or late childhood is associated with a trade-off between improved school performance and reduced prosocial behavior. For Filipino children, maternal migration during the first 3 years is linked to higher levels of internalizing problems, while migration during middle and late childhood reduces the risk of such problems. These findings underscore the importance of tailored policies and support programs that acknowledge the diverse impacts of parental migration across different developmental stages, considering distinct cultural contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multidimensional profiles of adolescent social-ecological risk and protective factors and young adult sexual behavior. 青少年社会生态风险和保护因素与青少年性行为的多维概况。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001888

Sara A Vasilenko, Qingyang Liu, Caitlin S Smith, Terese Millet Joseph, Xiaoyan Zhang, Bethany C Bray

{"title":"Multidimensional profiles of adolescent social-ecological risk and protective factors and young adult sexual behavior.","authors":"Sara A Vasilenko, Qingyang Liu, Caitlin S Smith, Terese Millet Joseph, Xiaoyan Zhang, Bethany C Bray","doi":"10.1037/dev0001888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001888","url":null,"abstract":"Research has demonstrated that social-ecological risk and protective factors at multiple levels are associated with sexual behavior in adolescence. However, relatively little is known about how different patterns of these factors may work together in combination to influence sexual risk. In this study, we use nationally representative data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to (a) uncover latent classes of adolescent social-ecological risk and protective factors, (b) examine how membership in these classes differs by demographic characteristics, and (c) examine how these classes are associated with concurrent adolescent and later young adult sexual behavior. We selected a model with seven latent classes: protected, no romantic relationship (25%), permissive peer norms (16%), poverty/single-parent home (16%), peer disconnection (16%), protected, in romantic relationship (10%), multidimensional risks (9%), and family and community disconnection (8%). In general, participants in the permissive peer norms and multidimensional risks classes were most likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors; and those in the protected, no romantic relationship, and peer disconnection classes were least likely. Findings suggest a combined impact of multiple risk factors on both adolescent and young adult sexual behaviors as well as the unique role of peer risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maternal education and prenatal smoking associations with adolescent executive function are substantially confounded by genetics. 母亲教育和产前吸烟与青少年执行功能的关联在很大程度上与遗传学相混淆。

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001919

Lucas C Perry, Nicolas Chevalier, Michelle Luciano

{"title":"Maternal education and prenatal smoking associations with adolescent executive function are substantially confounded by genetics.","authors":"Lucas C Perry, Nicolas Chevalier, Michelle Luciano","doi":"10.1037/dev0001919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001919","url":null,"abstract":"Twin studies have suggested extremely high estimates of heritability for adolescent executive function, with no substantial contributions from shared environment. However, developmental psychology research has found significant correlations between executive function outcomes and elements of the environment that would be shared in twins. It is unclear whether these seemingly contradictory findings are best explained by genetic confounding in developmental studies or limitations in twin studies, which can potentially underestimate shared environment. In this study, we use genetic and phenotypic data from 5,939 participants, 4,827 participant mothers, and 2,903 participant fathers in the Millennium cohort to examine the role of genetics in explaining common environmental associations with executive function, assessed by the spatial working memory (SWM) task and Cambridge Gambling task. Bivariate genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) revealed that single-nucleotide polymorphism effects were the sole significant predictor of the association between SWM and both maternal education and prenatal smoking. maternal GCTA and trioGCTA also found no significant evidence of indirect genetic effects on SWM, indicating that genetic nurture is unlikely to explain the bivariate GCTA results. The Cambridge Gambling task showed no significant single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability, suggesting that genetic influences on hot executive function may differ significantly from those on cool executive function. This study supports the twin study claim that the working memory component of executive function is primarily a genetic trait with minimal influence from shared environment, emphasizing the importance of using genetically sensitive designs to ensure that genetic confounding does not falsely inflate estimates of environmental influences on traits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0