Nathan H Field, Emma Balkind, Kaitlyn Burnell, Kara A Fox, Mallory J Feldman, Elizabeth A Nick, Eva H Telzer, Kristen A Lindquist, Mitchell J Prinstein
{"title":"Popularity, but not likability, as a risk factor for low empathy: A longitudinal examination of within- and between-person effects of peer status and empathy in adolescence.","authors":"Nathan H Field, Emma Balkind, Kaitlyn Burnell, Kara A Fox, Mallory J Feldman, Elizabeth A Nick, Eva H Telzer, Kristen A Lindquist, Mitchell J Prinstein","doi":"10.1037/dev0001914","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined reciprocal relations between two dimensions of peer status, likability and popularity, and two dimensions of empathy, empathic concern and perspective taking, across adolescence. A school-based sample of 893 (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 12.60, <i>SD</i> = 0.62) sixth- (<i>n</i> = 491; 55% female) and seventh-grade (<i>n</i> = 402; 45% female) adolescents from three, rural, lower middle-class schools in the southeastern United States completed self-report and peer-report questionnaires annually at four timepoints. Two trivariate latent curve models with structured residuals were fit. The first model examined within- and between-person associations between popularity, likability, and empathic concern, whereas the second model examined these associations with perspective taking. Results revealed no between-person relations among the latent factors for popularity and empathic concern or perspective taking. Conversely, the latent intercept for likability was positively related to the latent intercept for each of the empathic dimensions. Within-person cross-lagged effects from Grades 6 to 10 revealed that increases in popularity were associated with later decreases in empathic concern, while increases in empathic concern were associated with later decreases in popularity. Within-person changes in popularity did not predict later changes in perspective taking, but increases in perspective taking were associated with decreases in popularity. There were positive, albeit few, predictive associations with changes in likability. Results elucidate key differences in popularity and likability as dimensions of peer status; popular youth may benefit from the flexible use of empathic processes, while likable youth exhibit a stable, enduring propensity for empathic processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yijie Wang, Youchuan Zhang, Jiayi Liu, Jiaxuan Zhao, Shanting Chen, Jie He
{"title":"Peer discrimination and diurnal cortisol output in a rural boarding school in China: Empirical findings and methodological considerations.","authors":"Yijie Wang, Youchuan Zhang, Jiayi Liu, Jiaxuan Zhao, Shanting Chen, Jie He","doi":"10.1037/dev0001868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents' experiences of discrimination and their health consequences are understudied in non-Western cultures. Using data from 90 rural Chinese adolescents (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 13.70; 49% female), this study examined cumulative and daily experiences of peer discrimination (based on socioeconomic status, gender, parental migration status, appearance, grades) and their associations with diurnal cortisol output. Data highlighted a high prevalence of peer discrimination, with 85% of the sample reporting any type of cumulative discrimination in the current semester and 56% of the sample reporting any type of daily discrimination over three consecutive days. At the within-person level, daily peer discrimination (regardless of type) was associated with exaggerated cortisol functioning (i.e., more pronounced rise and fall as indicated by steeper slopes and lower bedtime levels) on the same day; daily discrimination based on parental migration status was also associated with higher cortisol awakening responses on the next day. At the between-person level, cumulative discrimination based on socioeconomic status and gender (but not other factors) was associated with exaggerated cortisol functioning (higher waking levels, steeper slopes). The study also offered a methodological example for collecting daily and cortisol data in rural boarding schools in China. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marlon Goering, Malcolm Barker-Kamps, Amit Patki, Hemant K Tiwari, Sylvie Mrug
{"title":"Pubertal timing as a predictor of epigenetic aging and mortality risk in young adulthood.","authors":"Marlon Goering, Malcolm Barker-Kamps, Amit Patki, Hemant K Tiwari, Sylvie Mrug","doi":"10.1037/dev0001903","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early pubertal timing is associated with adverse health in adulthood. These effects may be mediated by DNA methylation changes associated with accelerated cellular aging and mortality risk, but few studies tested associations between pubertal timing and epigenetic markers in adulthood. Additionally, pubertal timing effects often vary by sex and are understudied in diverse youth. Thus, this longitudinal study examined links between pubertal timing and later epigenetic aging and mortality risk together with sex differences in predominantly Black youth. Participants included 350 individuals (58% female, 42% male; 80% Black, 19% non-Hispanic White). Perceived pubertal timing relative to peers and self-reported phenotypic pubertal timing based on age-adjusted Tanner scores were assessed during early adolescence (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 13) whereas epigenetic aging (GrimAge, DunedinPace of Aging Calculated from the Epigenome, and PhenoAge) and mortality risk were measured during young adulthood (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 27). After adjusting for covariates (smoking, body mass index, family income, early-life stress, race/ethnicity, sex, parenthood), early pubertal timing (both perceived and phenotypic) predicted higher epigenetic mortality risk, and early phenotypic pubertal timing predicted accelerated DunedinPace of Aging Calculated from the Epigenome. Both perceived and phenotypic early pubertal timing were correlated with accelerated GrimAge. Off-time phenotypic pubertal timing (i.e., early and late) was associated with accelerated PhenoAge in males only whereas perceived off-time pubertal timing was unexpectedly linked with lower PhenoAge acceleration. These findings extend prior research by linking two dimensions of early pubertal timing with epigenetic mortality risk and accelerated aging in racially diverse young adults and showing nonlinear effects on PhenoAge acceleration that differ across pubertal timing measures and show some sex differences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adolescent health and the intersectionality of ethnicity/race, sex, and sexual orientation: A national probability sample from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.","authors":"Zhenqiang Zhao, Yijie Wang, Jinjin Yan, Lijuan Wang, Cindy H Liu, Heining Cham, Tiffany Yip","doi":"10.1037/dev0001912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although children with marginalized sociodemographic characteristics are exposed to increased health risk and disparities, there is a paucity of population-based research on health status of children occupying multiple social marginalities. The present study investigated implications of children's intersectional sociodemographic characteristics on health risk indicators. In this longitudinal cohort study, we used longitudinal data from the ongoing Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. The study used a population-based sample of 9- to 10-year-old children attending private and public schools in 21 U.S.-based study sites between 2016 and 2018. In the present analytic sample of 9,854 children and adolescents, eight social strata groups were identified based on children's ethnicity/race, assigned sex at birth, and sexual orientation. Five health risk indicators were included in the study: depressed mood, suicidal ideation, self-injurious behaviors, alcohol sipping, and overweight status. Results showed that compared to White heterosexual boys (referent group), sexual minority (SM) children including White and ethnic/racial minority, boys and girls were at greater risk of having depressed mood, self-injurious behavior, and suicidal ideation. White SM children, including boys and girls, were also at greater risk of sipping alcohol, whereas heterosexual ethnically/racially minoritized children, including boys and girls, were at less risk of sipping alcohol. Although no change was found in overweight status over time across social groups, children with marginalized social categories were more likely to report being overweight. Intersectional marginality accounted for an increased health risk and disparities among children from marginalized sociodemographic background. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna C Buryn-Weitzel, Sophie Marshall, Eve Holden, Santa Atim, Ed Donnellan, Kirsty E Graham, Maggie Hoffman, Michael Jurua, Charlotte V Knapper, Nicole J Lahiff, Anna Nador, Josephine Paricia, Florence Tusiime, Claudia Wilke, Bailey R House, Katie E Slocombe
{"title":"Maternal socialization and infant helping in Uganda and the United Kingdom.","authors":"Joanna C Buryn-Weitzel, Sophie Marshall, Eve Holden, Santa Atim, Ed Donnellan, Kirsty E Graham, Maggie Hoffman, Michael Jurua, Charlotte V Knapper, Nicole J Lahiff, Anna Nador, Josephine Paricia, Florence Tusiime, Claudia Wilke, Bailey R House, Katie E Slocombe","doi":"10.1037/dev0001896","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prosocial behavior, including instrumental helping, emerges early in development, but the role parental attitudes and practices take in shaping the emergence of early helping across different cultural contexts is not well understood. We took a longitudinal approach to investigate maternal socialization of early helping across two different cultural groups. Participants were mother-infant dyads from urban/suburban York, United Kingdom (43 infants: 21 females, 22 males) and the rural Masindi District, Uganda (39 infants: 22 females, 17 males). We examined cultural variations in mother's helping-related parenting practices toward 14- and 18-month-olds and infants' actual helping in experimental tasks at 18 months. We then asked whether maternal parenting practices and socialization goals predicted individual variation in infant helping. We found that U.K. mothers scaffolded infant helping using a larger range of strategies than Ugandan mothers, but expecting an infant to help was more common in Uganda than in the United Kingdom. Moreover, we found that the Ugandan infants were more likely and often quicker to help an adult in need than the U.K. infants. Finally, we found that maternal scaffolding behaviors positively predicted individual variation in infant helping at 18 months in the United Kingdom, but not in Uganda. By contrast, maternal alignment with relational socialization goals at 11 months positively predicted infant helping at 18 months in the Ugandan, but not in the U.K., sample. These results indicate that early instrumental helping behavior varies across societies and that maternal socialization goals and scaffolding behaviors can shape infant helping in culturally specific ways. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The moral self in formation: Caregiver emotional availability and early prosocial behavior predict preschoolers' moral self-concept.","authors":"Lena Söldner, Markus Paulus","doi":"10.1037/dev0001902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During early childhood, children develop a moral self-concept (MSC), reflecting the representation of their own moral behavioral preferences. Little is known about the developmental processes that relate to the emergence of the MSC. This longitudinal study followed participants from infancy to preschool age (<i>n</i> = 99-139; 49%-55% girls, 45%-51% boys, mostly Caucasian). It investigated the relations between the quality of early social interactions, prosocial behaviors, and the development of the MSC. We assessed maternal emotional availability at 1 year of age, children's prosocial behaviors (helping, sharing, comforting) at 3 years of age, and their MSC at 4 years of age. Children's comforting and sharing behavior at 3 years of age, but not their helping behavior, was associated with their MSC development. Interestingly, maternal emotional availability predicted MSC indirectly through its relation to children's comforting behavior, suggesting a mediated pathway. The study highlights developmental trajectories from early social interactions to how children think about their own prosociality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melis Muradoglu, Bethany Lassetter, Madison N Sewell, Lenna Ontai, Christopher M Napolitano, Carol Dweck, Kali Trzesniewski, Andrei Cimpian
{"title":"The structure and motivational significance of early beliefs about ability.","authors":"Melis Muradoglu, Bethany Lassetter, Madison N Sewell, Lenna Ontai, Christopher M Napolitano, Carol Dweck, Kali Trzesniewski, Andrei Cimpian","doi":"10.1037/dev0001910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adults hold a broad range of beliefs about intellectual ability. Key examples include beliefs about its malleability, its distribution in the population, whether high levels of it (\"brilliance\") are necessary for success, its origins, and its responsiveness to intervention. Here, we examined the structure and motivational significance of this network of consequential beliefs in a sample of elementary school-age children (5- to 11-year-olds, <i>N</i> = 231; 116 girls, 112 boys, three gender nonbinary children; predominantly White and Asian children from relatively high-income backgrounds). We assessed five beliefs: (a) growth mindsets (malleability), (b) universal mindsets (distribution), (c) brilliance beliefs (necessity for success), and beliefs about ability's (d) innateness and (e) responsiveness to intervention. Even among the youngest children, these beliefs were empirically distinguishable and also largely coherent, in that they related to each other in expected ways. Moreover, the five beliefs assessed here were differentially related to children's learning (vs. performance) goals, preference for challenging tasks, and evaluative concern (i.e., concern that mistakes will lead others to evaluate the self negatively). Even when adjusting for age, children with growth mindsets were oriented toward learning goals and preferred challenging tasks; children who believed ability has innate origins preferred performance goals; and younger (but not older) children who thought success required brilliance expressed more concern over being evaluated. These findings speak to the multifaceted nature of children's concepts of ability and highlight their significance for children's achievement-related attitudes and behavior in the early school years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah G Curci, Maria P Frangos, Kenya Torres-Aguirre, Brandon N Clifford, Linda J Luecken
{"title":"Postpartum depressive symptoms and mother-infant dyadic reciprocity: The moderating role of partner support.","authors":"Sarah G Curci, Maria P Frangos, Kenya Torres-Aguirre, Brandon N Clifford, Linda J Luecken","doi":"10.1037/dev0001860","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal postpartum depressive (PPD) symptoms have the potential to negatively impact mother-infant interactions, particularly in populations experiencing contextual stress. We used a resilience perspective to examine maternal perceptions of partner support as a protective factor in the relation between PPD symptoms and mother-infant dyadic reciprocity. Low income, Mexican-origin women (<i>N</i> = 322; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 27.80; 86% born in Mexico) reported depressive symptoms from 6 to 24 weeks postpartum and partner support at 24 weeks postpartum. Mother-infant interactions were recorded and coded for dyadic reciprocity at 24 weeks. Results indicated that partner support moderated the relation between PPD symptoms and dyadic reciprocity, such that higher PPD symptoms were associated with lower dyadic reciprocity only among mothers reporting lower partner support. Our results suggest that partner support is an important source of resilience for Mexican-origin women experiencing PPD symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Libera Ylenia Mastromatteo, Jonathan L Helm, Jonas G Miller
{"title":"Resilience factors counteract intergenerational risk for adolescent maladjustment related to family mental health history and childhood adversity.","authors":"Libera Ylenia Mastromatteo, Jonathan L Helm, Jonas G Miller","doi":"10.1037/dev0001889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intergenerational risk within families, stemming from familial history of mental health problems and encompassing exposure to childhood adversity, poses challenges to adolescent adjustment. However, it is important to recognize that negative developmental outcomes associated with intergenerational risk are not inevitable. To better understand resilience in this context, there is a need for studies that systematically compare different models of resilience. Further, few studies have estimated what level of adjustment should be expected for youth with high intergenerational risk but also a diverse set of strengths and competencies. Here, an intergenerational risk pathway and compensatory and protective resilience models were evaluated in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (<i>N</i> = 4,897, 52% female, 49% non-Hispanic Black at the age 15 assessment). The link between history of mental health problems in maternal grandparents and adolescent maladjustment (depressive symptoms, substance use, delinquent behavior, and troubles at school) was serially mediated through maternal mental health problems and its association with children's exposure to adversity. Data-driven trajectory analyses identified participants characterized by increased exposure to multiple types of adversity across childhood. Chronic exposure to multiple adversities, in turn, predicted increased adolescent maladjustment. Yet, resilience factors, including childhood social skills, perseverance, and connectedness at school, effectively offset intergenerational risks. Adolescents with high intergenerational risk who experienced high levels of these childhood assets demonstrated adjustment that was comparable to their average-risk and low-risk peers. These findings advance our understanding of pathways of intergenerational risk and provide new evidence for a compensatory model over a protective model of resilience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin Jager, Yan Xia, Diane L Putnick, Marc H Bornstein
{"title":"Improving generalizability of developmental research through increased use of homogeneous convenience samples: A Monte Carlo simulation.","authors":"Justin Jager, Yan Xia, Diane L Putnick, Marc H Bornstein","doi":"10.1037/dev0001890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to its heavy reliance on convenience samples (CSs), developmental science has a generalizability problem that clouds its broader applicability and frustrates replicability. The surest solution to this problem is to make better use, where feasible, of probability samples, which afford clear generalizability. Because CSs that are homogeneous on one or more sociodemographic factor may afford a clearer generalizability than heterogeneous CSs, the use of homogeneous CSs instead of heterogeneous CSs may also help mitigate this generalizability problem. In this article, we argue why homogeneous CSs afford clearer generalizability, and we formally test this argument via Monte Carlo simulations. For illustration, our simulations focused on sampling bias in the sociodemographic factors of ethnicity and socioeconomic status and on the outcome of adolescent academic achievement. Monte Carlo simulations indicated that homogeneous CSs (particularly those homogeneous on multiple sociodemographic factors) reliably produce estimates that are appreciably less biased than heterogeneous CSs. Sensitivity analyses indicated that these reductions in estimate bias generalize to estimates of means and estimates of association (e.g., correlations) although reductions in estimate bias were more muted for associations. The increased employment of homogeneous CSs (particularly those homogeneous on multiple sociodemographic factors) instead of heterogeneous CSs would appreciably improve the generalizability of developmental research. Broader implications for replicability and the study of minoritized populations, considerations for application, and suggestions for sampling best practices are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}