Developmental Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Rethinking parenting: A function-based framework for understanding caregiving across contexts.","authors":"Violeta J Rodriguez, Sungha Kang, Qimin Liu","doi":"10.1037/dev0002189","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional parenting research has relied on typological models that categorize behaviors into rigid styles (e.g., authoritative and permissive), often neglecting the intentions and contextual factors that give meaning to caregiving. These models, based on samples lacking diversity, have contributed to measurement challenges, cultural misinterpretations, and deficit-based portrayals of marginalized families. In this article, we introduce a function-based framework organizing parenting according to its primary caregiving goals: affective (emotional connection), behavioral (structure and guidance), and cultural (value and identity transmission). By centering purpose and context and distinguishing caregiver intentions from realized interactional function, this framework reframes parenting as a dynamic, goal-directed process responsive to developmental needs and sociocultural realities. We argue that this approach allows for more inclusive, precise, and ecologically valid assessments of parenting across diverse families. We review the limitations of legacy frameworks, outline the theoretical foundations of the function-based framework, and present implications for research design, measurement, intervention, and policy. We conclude by advocating for a science of parenting that recognizes variation as adaptation and centers the lived goals of families navigating diverse social, structural, and cultural environments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2690-2701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13124071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathic stress in the family: Adolescents vicariously respond to their parents' acute psychosocial stress.","authors":"Jost Ulrich Blasberg, Philipp Kanske, Veronika Engert","doi":"10.1037/dev0001972","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0001972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The physiological and psychological reproduction of another's psychosocial stress can offer the necessary commiseration to help one another alleviate a stressor at hand. But such empathic stress might also create the possibility for stress to spread rather than dissipate. We investigated whether adolescents showed empathic stress when observing their parents under acute stress. Mothers or fathers (<i>N</i> = 77) completed a standardized laboratory stressor while their adolescent children (13-16 years old) acted as observers. Dyad members simultaneously provided multiple samples of salivary cortisol, heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and subjective stress. Adolescents also completed a computerized task, the EmpaToM, to measure empathy, compassion, and theory of mind. On average, adolescents showed significant responses across all stress markers. Furthermore, when interacting with their stressed parents after termination of the stress task, adolescents showed increased heart rate and HRV reactivity. These physiological changes were unrelated to the magnitude of the parents' psychological and physiological stress responses. Regarding their socioemotional capacities, only highly empathic adolescents showed greater self-reported personal distress. We conclude that adolescents vicariously react to their parents' stress, particularly during interaction with an acutely stressed parental figure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2466-2481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Maternal responsiveness to infant distress: A cross-cultural investigation in Uganda and the United Kingdom\" by Vreden et al. (2025).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/dev0002196","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reports an error in \"Maternal responsiveness to infant distress: A cross-cultural investigation in Uganda and the United Kingdom\" by Carlo Vreden, Santa Atim, Joanna C. Buryn-Weitzel, Giammarco Di Gregorio, Ed Donnellan, Maggie Hoffman, Eve Holden, Michael Jurua, Charlotte V. Knapper, Sophie Marshall, Josephine Paricia, Florence Tusiime, Claudia Wilke, Katie E. Slocombe and Zanna Clay (<i>Developmental Psychology</i>, Advanced Online Publication, Sep 04, 2025, np; see record 2026-56898-001). In the article, author Eve Holden was incorrectly omitted from the byline. All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2026-56898-001). Maternal responses are a key factor in shaping early emotional development. However, research on how mothers respond to infant emotional signals outside of Western industrialized contexts remains limited. This study provides a longitudinal, naturalistic approach to mapping cultural variation in maternal responsiveness and its effect on infant emotional outcomes. To do so, we used naturalistic video observations to assess spontaneous maternal responses to infant distress and their link with infant recovery from distress in a cross-cultural sample. Data were collected on 82 mother-infant dyads (46 female) at 3 and 6 months old, from two distinct cultural settings: Uganda and the United Kingdom. Although maternal responses were faster in the United Kingdom, infant recovery was quicker in Uganda, suggesting that culturally specific maternal strategies of responding may be more effective than simply promptness of responses in reducing distress. Further, we found changes in maternal response strategies by age and that some of these differed by site. Our findings show both cross-cultural continuity and variability in maternal responses to infant distress and broaden our understanding of how early infant-caregiver interactions shape early socioemotional development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating associations between maternal neural responsivity and infant developmental outcomes.","authors":"Kathryn M Wall, Francesca Penner, Kathryn Armstrong, Amanda Lowell, Marc N Potenza, Linda C Mayes, Helena J V Rutherford","doi":"10.1037/dev0002137","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal responsiveness plays an important role in child development. Event-related potentials can be used to examine neural mechanisms underlying maternal responsivity. Here, associations between neural markers of maternal responsivity and five child development domains-cognitive, language, motor, adaptive behavior, and social-emotional development-were examined in 94 mothers (<i>M</i>_age = 29.19 years; 41% African American, 28% Caucasian, 19% Hispanic or Latina, 4% Asian or Asian American, 7% other or not reported) and their infants (<i>M</i>_age = 7.75 months; 60% female). Child development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition. Event-related potentials were recorded while mothers viewed infant faces and were used to generate profiles of maternal neural responsiveness. A latent profile analysis was used to examine patterns of maternal event-related potential responses to infant faces. A model with three profiles had the best fit statistics. Maternal profile membership was significantly related to infant social-emotional development such that a profile characterized by an attenuated early response at the N170 amplitude and a faster late response at the P300 latency was associated with increased infant social-emotional development scores. There were no significant associations between maternal profile membership and infant cognitive, language, motor, or adaptive behavior development. Findings support the importance of characterizing neural aspects of maternal responsiveness that may underlie infant social-emotional development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2804-2815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helping infants to help: Cultural variation in maternal scaffolding and the development of prosocial behavior.","authors":"Carlo Vreden, Moritz Köster, Lucy Abbit, Prima Ainembabazi, Aileen Cook, Brenda Kakai, Precious Katusiime, Julia Landstedt, Sarah Mazari, Eunice Ndyareeba, Elizabeth Renner, Georgia Tuohy, Zanna Clay","doi":"10.1037/dev0002159","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infants engage in a range of prosocial behaviors from a young age. Caregiver scaffolding, through encouragement and requests, plays a key role in shaping these early tendencies. However, how scaffolding practices vary with socialization goals across cultural contexts, and whether their effects on infant behavior are culturally specific, remains unanswered. In this study, we took a longitudinal, cross-cultural approach to examine variation in maternal socialization goals, scaffolding strategies, and infant helping at 16 and 22 months across three distinct sociocultural settings. A total of 273 infants participated in rural Uganda (<i>n</i> = 49; 24 females, 25 males), urban Uganda (<i>n</i> = 162; 76 females, 86 males), and in the United Kingdom (<i>n</i> = 62, 29 females, 33 males). We assessed maternal socialization goals via questionnaires, scaffolding strategies during a requested helping task, and infant prosocial behavior through both requested and spontaneous helping tasks. Scaffolding was more assertive in the Ugandan samples compared with those in the United Kingdom, where scaffolding was more deliberate. Maternal assertiveness positively predicted both spontaneous and requested helping at the individual level. However, at the group level, spontaneous helping rates were higher in Uganda than in the United Kingdom, whereas requested helping was higher in the United Kingdom than Uganda. These findings reveal important cross-cultural variation in how caregivers shape infant helping and point to a nuanced interplay between culturally specific caregiving practices and emerging prosocial behavior. Our study underscores the importance of examining both universal and context-specific pathways in the development of prosociality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2579-2590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13738043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting to the heart of parenting: A pilot study of real-time, multimodal parental emotion correlates of emotion-related socialization.","authors":"Jennifer A Somers, Elena Cannova, Pauline Vartany, Ryle Eskander, Chengzhen Angelina Meng, Qiran Cheryl Sun, Alina Casillas, Yussof Khalilian, Kyra Fisher","doi":"10.1037/dev0002208","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parents' emotions, including dynamic modulation of parasympathetically mediated vagal activity and experienced emotion, may facilitate engagement in supportive emotion-related socialization behavior (ERSB). The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate within-parent, real-time associations between parent vagal responsivity and recalled emotional experience with parent ERSB. Fifty parents (92.0% female) and their school-aged (6-12 years) daughters (<i>M</i>_childage = 9.18 years, <i>SD</i>_childage = 1.42 years; 44.9% White) completed a 6-min sad mood discussion followed by a video-mediated recall procedure to continuously rate their experienced emotion during the discussion. Dyadic electrocardiogram data were continuously collected. Coders coded parent ERSB from video-recorded discussions. Second-by-second estimates of parent respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of vagal functioning, experienced emotion, and ERSB were obtained. Preliminary results suggested that, on average, in moments when parents exhibited relatively lower RSA, they were marginally more likely to engage in scaffolding. However, parents who exhibited relatively greater RSA and recalled more negative emotions in moments when they engaged in scaffolding exhibited more scaffolding behavior across the discussion. Concordance in RSA withdrawal and negative emotions was related to less use of acknowledgment. Parents who work harder to regulate their own emotions may struggle to acknowledge their child's emotions and scaffold their child's emotion understanding or facilitate problem-solving. Power analyses suggest future investigations would benefit from larger samples of at least 200 parents to assess between-parent correlates of within-parent processes. Results bear implications for future research that can inform prevention and intervention programs that seek to enhance parent ERSB. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2720-2736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phonological representation in English-learning infants' word comprehension.","authors":"Caroline Beech, Daniel Swingley","doi":"10.1037/dev0002245","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infants begin understanding words within their first year, but few studies have investigated how accurately infants this young represent words' phonological forms during comprehension. This study tested English-learning infants aged 6-8, 9-11, and 12-14 months in an internet-based language-guided-looking task probing recognition of correct pronunciations and initial-consonant mispronunciations of words (<i>n</i> = 97; 48% female; 80% White, 10% Black, 5% multiracial, 4% Asian; <i>M</i>_age = 10.4 months; tested 2021-2023). The two older groups recognized correct pronunciations. Mispronunciation reduced target fixation in 9- to 11-month olds, an effect that was nonsignificant (<i>p</i> = .057) when including all items but significant for items with balanced salience (odds ratio = 1.51). Twelve- to 14-month olds consistently fixated targets less when hearing mispronunciations (odds ratio = 1.59). These findings set a lower bound on how vague early word representations could be and are consistent with phonologically accurate encoding of at least some words before the first birthday. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2549-2562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13419549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental trajectories of predictive mechanisms in language comprehension.","authors":"Armando Quetzalcóatl Angulo-Chavira, Alejandra Mitzi Castellón-Flores, Natalia Arias-Trejo","doi":"10.1037/dev0002045","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this investigation, we delved into the developmental progression of two predictive mechanisms in language comprehension: the associative (Mechanism 1) and the context- and intention-dependent (Mechanism 2). Across three experiments, we assessed the ability to predict semantic content based on syntactic cues among toddlers and adults. Participants were exposed to correction (e.g., \"In the yard, I saw a dog, no, a rabbit\") and coordination (e.g., \"In the yard, I saw a dog and a rabbit\") sentences. Concurrently, they viewed four competing images: two nouns included in the sentences, an associative distractor, and an unrelated distractor. Experiment 1A revealed that, unlike adults, 30-month-old toddlers predominantly anticipated the associative distractor in coordinated sentences but not in the correction ones. Experiment 1B expanded the age range to include preschoolers and school-aged children, echoing the findings of Experiment 1A. Notably, as age increased, predictions began to mirror adultlike tendencies. Experiment 2, which included a larger prediction window, evaluated 24- and 30-month-old toddlers. The results revealed that toddlers generated predictive behaviors in both sentence types. However, in contrast to their younger counterparts, the older group demonstrated faster predictive responses in coordination compared to correction contexts. Collectively, our experiments underscore that predictions are predominantly steered by Mechanism 1 during the initial stages of development; however, as children age, their predictive strategies rely more on the context and speakers' intentions. We postulate that the evolution of Mechanism 2 hinges on the emergence of inhibitory mechanisms that modulate the activation driven by Mechanism 1. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2502-2525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the validity of picture-based assessments across cultures and contexts: Evidence from young children in Kenya and the United States.","authors":"Rebecca Zhu, Tabitha Nduku Kilonzo, Jan M Engelmann, Alison Gopnik","doi":"10.1037/dev0002050","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many childhood assessments rely on picture stimuli, but children in diverse early environments possess varying amounts of experience with pictures. Two preregistered experiments, conducted in 2022-2023, investigated whether picture assessments are valid across diverse contexts. Low-to-middle-income children (<i>n</i> = 192, 2-7 years, 85 females, all Black) in their first month of formal schooling in Mombasa County, Kenya, an early environment with relatively few pictures, performed more accurately on an object vocabulary task than a picture vocabulary task (β = 0.07, <i>p</i> < .001; Experiment 1). Middle-to-high-income children (<i>n</i> = 96, 2-3 years, 52 females, predominantly White and Asian) in the San Francisco Bay Area, an early environment with relatively more pictures, performed similarly on object and picture vocabulary tasks (β = 0.02, <i>p</i> = .60; Experiment 2). Consequently, these results tentatively suggest that assessments involving pictures may underestimate children's capacities in some contexts. To accurately measure developing capacities in children from diverse backgrounds, it is critical that assessment tools are appropriately adapted to environmental contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2633-2648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can adolescent hope buffer against the adverse effects of youth and parent cultural stress on Latinx youths' adjustment outcomes?","authors":"Elma I Lorenzo-Blanco, Minyu Zhang, Kimberly L Henriquez, Su Yeong Kim, Cory Cobb, José Szapocznik, Jennifer B Unger, Tae Kyoung Lee, Miguel Ángel Cano, Charles R Martinez, Seth J Schwartz","doi":"10.1037/dev0002125","DOIUrl":"10.1037/dev0002125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Latinx youth and their parents can experience cultural stress-a constellation of interrelated stressors Latinx youth and parents experience based on racism, xenophobia, and the navigation of bicultural contexts. Notably, cultural stress Latinx youth and parents experience can compromise the emotional (i.e., depressive symptoms and self-esteem) and behavioral (i.e., aggressive behavior, alcohol and tobacco use) well-being of youth. However, not all Latinx youth are adversely affected by cultural stress they or their parents experience, suggesting the presence of protective resiliency processes. Latinx immigrant youth, in particular, are thought to possess cognitive motivational resilience such as hope that may protect them from the adverse effects of cultural stress. Accordingly, in this longitudinal study, we investigated whether adolescent hope (increases in and initial levels of hope) buffered against the adverse effects of youth and parent cultural stress on youths' emotional (depressive symptoms and self-esteem) and behavioral (aggressive behavior, tobacco and alcohol use) well-being. Recent immigrant Latinx adolescents (<i>M</i>_age = 14.51; 47% girls) and parents (<i>M</i>_age = 41.09; 74% mothers; <i>N</i> = 302) completed measures of the above constructs. The adolescent hope intercept and slope predicted more favorable youth well-being outcomes. Adolescent hope appeared to buffer against the negative effects of youth and parent cultural stress when cultural stress levels were low and hope reached above-average levels. Hope also appeared to exacerbate the negative effects of youth and parent cultural stress on youth well-being outcomes when cultural stress levels were high and hope was above average. We discuss implications for future research and preventive interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48464,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2617-2632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12888787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}