World Development最新文献

{"title":"Contestation, conflict and claims-making around the Lake Turkana Wind Power windfarm, northern Kenya","authors":"Jeremy Lind ,&nbsp;Daniel Salau Rogei","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investment in large-scale renewable-energy projects has risen significantly as governments focus on green energy solutions. The general view is that renewable energy investments are beneficial, increasing national energy production from renewable sources and contributing to economic growth. However, the benefits for communities near project sites can be unclear, with less emphasis placed on the impacts on social cohesion or the rights of local populations. This paper contributes to discussions about community perspectives and responses to large land and resource based investments, stressing the role of local agency. Using the example of the Lake Turkana Wind Power (LTWP) project in northern Kenya, it examines how various stakeholders involved with specific resource-based investments perceive and challenge the development process and the distribution of project benefits and harms. It employs an ‘intersecting methodologies’ approach that includes community-based participatory research (CBPR), participatory video, and qualitative and ethnographic methods, conducted in small settlements around the LTWP area between 2017 and 2019. As the largest single private investment in Kenya’s history, life remains insecure for many residents near the LTWP wind farm. By revealing different local perspectives, the paper outlines the broader impacts and forms of contentious politics related to the LTWP project. The study finds that community strategies to seek recognition and associated rights highlight deeper conflicts involving governance and authority concerning everyday lives and livelihoods. Local agency underscores the limitations of efforts to formalize rights within a statutory legal and regulatory framework and other processes through which community stakeholders assert their inclusion in large-scale investments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106913"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of infrastructure investment on resilience to environmental shocks: Evidence from Ecuador","authors":"Molly Lipscomb ,&nbsp;Cesar Montalvo ,&nbsp;Brendan Novak","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing climate variability has direct impacts on health--particularly through vector-borne diseases. Sanitation infrastructure may have a mitigating impact on these effects. We investigate the impact of infrastructure investments on health following major weather events using a novel dataset that links information from a broad range of sources from 2001 to 2019 in Ecuador. We find that particularly high levels of precipitation increase hospitalizations from vector-borne diseases and improvements in sanitation infrastructure decrease hospitalizations. The decrease in hospitalizations from sanitation infrastructure is particularly pronounced in months when cantons (counties) have high precipitation. These effects are also largest in the cantons with the highest population density. The findings suggest that improving sanitation infrastructure is a key element in building resilience to climate change, and densely populated areas differentially benefit from improved infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106903"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining ethno-regional favouritism in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay ,&nbsp;Elliott Green","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A burgeoning literature on ethno-regional favouritism in Sub-Saharan Africa has found that Presidents favour their co-ethnic kin in the provision of public and private goods. However, this scholarship has largely remained empirically narrow in focus, inasmuch as it preponderantly examines only one outcome and/or country at a time and can be contrasted with a separate set of literature which finds a null or even negative relationship between co-ethnicity and goods provision. As such we conduct the largest examination to date of ethno-regional favouritism in Sub-Saharan Africa using data from the Afrobarometer and DHS across both public and private goods and at both the individual and district level. We confirm the positive effects of individual-level co-ethnicity on a variety of outcomes, but also find that these benefits only accrue to the few co-ethnics living in non-co-ethnic areas and decline as the district-level proportion of co-ethnics increases. The positive effects of individual-level co-ethnicity are weaker for objective outcomes like access to infrastructure, asset ownership and employment but are stronger for subjective measures such as self-assessed living conditions and the quality of government services. We also find that the positive effects of co-ethnicity do not decline with the proportion of local co-ethnics for subjective perceptions of presidential and ruling party performance. This relationship does not hold, however, for perceptions of other non-political institutions like the courts or police, or for local governments. These results are consistent with the argument that co-ethnics derive non-material “psychic goods” from having a co-ethnic in power, rather than the standard “quid-pro-quo” theory common in the literature, and thus complicate the idea that ethnic favouritism in the provision of public and private goods is widespread in contemporary Africa. We supplement our quantitative findings with anecdotal evidence from Nigeria which supports our argument.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106901"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting coethnic voters, elites, or both? Evidence from aid allocation in Malawi","authors":"Dongil Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Top leaders in Africa favor their coethnic voters when allocating government resources. However, a growing literature on political elites implies the importance of those actors for mobilizing political support for top leaders—hence, the need for presidents to target elites. Do top leaders target coethnic voters, coethnic elites, or both? To address the question, I use the difference-in-differences estimation drawing upon foreign aid allocation in Malawi during 1999-2010. The results show that controlling for the share of their coethnic voters, constituencies represented by the incumbent president’s coethnic Members of Parliament (MPs) receive 13%–75% more aid disbursement per capita than those represented by non-coethnic MPs. This suggests that leaders target coethnic elites in addition to coethnic voters. I also find that this favoritism is due to coethnic MPs’ electoral mobilization capacity and their personal loyalty to the president. This study highlights the importance of coalition building centered around coethnic elites in multiethnic countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106907"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of resource-backed loans on deforestation: Evidence from developing countries","authors":"Yacouba Coulibaly","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resource-backed loans are used today by many resource-rich countries as an effective means of providing public goods and services. However, this type of financing can undermine environmental sustainability via deforestation. In this paper, we first use propensity score matching, which allows for self-selection bias in signature policies, to test whether resource-backed loans have a causal impact on deforestation in 64 developing countries from 2004 to 2018. Through a series of econometric and alternative specification tests, we find that resource-backed loans increase deforestation, measured by forest cover loss. Nevertheless, when we disaggregate resource-backed loans to capture the heterogeneous effects, our results indicate that mineral, tobacco, and cocoa-backed loans increase deforestation, whereas oil-backed loans have no significant direct impact on deforestation. We conclude the paper by providing recommendations for research, policy, and practice, particularly about environmental protection and biodiversity, transparency through improved institutional variables and the management of revenues from natural resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Offsetting slow violence: Conservation, displacement and (Im)mobility at the anti-subversive capital of Colombia","authors":"Juan Felipe Riaño-Landazabal","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scholars and communities have long argued that conservation-induced injustices worsen in armed conflict contexts, where historical warfare processes, state formation, and accumulation overlap with the imperatives of nature preservation. This paper contributes to these analyses by showing how the mutually reinforcing relationship between conservation and violence is spatialized through ordinary, often taken-for-granted, less dramatic forms of exclusion. Focusing on the Serranía de las Quinchas in Puerto Boyacá, Colombia, a region that played a critical role in the country’s armed conflict, I analyze how people’s everyday displacements and mobility regimes were transformed as a result of the entwined repertoires of conservation and violence. Ethnographic and archival research in this study describes the mobilities and space-making projects of <em>campesinos colonos</em>, and how they were gradually transformed with the emergence of development and scientific narratives related to deforestation anxiety and biodiversity loss, armed control, and present-day forms of environmental offsetting and neoliberal conservation schemes. The study highlights how mundane, gendered spatialities shifted with the territorialization of conservation’s slow violence. The literature on green grabbing often emphasizes dramatic, conservation-induced displacements; in Quinchas, however, the unjust spatial arrangements arising from conservation and violence are embedded in new, everyday mobilities that reshape local campesino life projects. This process is qualitatively distinct from the well-documented scenarios of fortress and militarized conservation. Specifically, women’s everyday mobilities have been restricted in favor of better conservation outcomes, environmental offsetting projects, and the mobility of non-human neighbors. This immobility starkly contrasts with the dynamic historical mobilities unique to campesino space-making projects. Amidst renewed debates and proposals around just and convivial conservation, this paper is cautious of the subtle, insidious risks posed by conservation’s seemingly benign temporalities, enclosures, and everyday geographies that scholars and conservation practitioners might overlook.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106912"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-scale gold miners’ preferences on formalization: First steps toward sustainable supply chains in Colombia","authors":"María Alejandra Velez ,&nbsp;Ximena Rueda ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Henao ,&nbsp;Dayron Monroy ,&nbsp;Danny Tobin ,&nbsp;Jorge Maldonado ,&nbsp;Alexander Pfaff","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artisanal and small-scale gold mining employs millions of poor people, globally–yet also significantly degrades the environment. Support from conscientious buyers, based on the information within supply-chain certifications, could induce lower environmental impacts and raise incomes, leading miners to be willing to incur costs to participate in sustainable supply chains. As certification may require formalization, we explore miners’ motivations for and barriers to formalization within a choice experiment in two Community Councils in Afro-descendent areas of Colombia’s Pacific Region: Yurumangui, in Valle del Cauca; and San Juan, in Choco. Community Councils have collective land rights—which might make them more willing to engage in collective actions often required for formalization. We find that while all miners prefer to leave their status quo towards formalization, the Councils differed in miners’ views of formalization. Given the options we offered, San Juan expressed less interest overall, perhaps due to negative past experience with formalization. Yurumangui was more willing to form or join an association and to formalize, likely due to positive past organization outcomes. Prior voluntary restoration effort correlated with individual miner willingness to restore sites. Additionally, we found no consistent significant effect of gender. Our results inform interventions supporting formalization in small-scale gold mining communities: miners are willing to try formalization yet perceive specific costs which hinder adoption in ways that vary with Councils’ legacies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106899"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass editing, mass writing: Experiments in collective literary production from Yan’an to the Great Leap forward","authors":"Benjamin Kindler","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“Intellectual comrades”, wrote Kang Sheng in 1942 in the newspaper <em>Liberation Daily</em>, “must study together with worker-peasant cadres, and take them as their teachers; at the same time, they also assist these worker-peasant cadres in revising writings [<em>xiugai wenzhang</em>], they must be their hairdressers [<em>lifayuan</em>] in revising their texts”. These words, coming in the aftermath of Mao Zedong’s famous Yan’an Talks on Art and Literature, marked a series of experimental attempts in the Yan’an base area to re-think the most fundamental contents and practices of writing. The notions of “revision” and the intellectual as “hairdresser” as posed here marked an attempted displacement of the intellectual author as the solitary producer of culture and as the arbiter of creativity. In their place, not only would literate workers and peasants be called upon to devise their own works of fiction and journalism, but intellectuals came to function as editors of mass writing, forging, in these terms, a new, collective writerly practice resolutely opposed to the singular bourgeois concept of “author”. This writing practice appeared on the pages of <em>Liberation Daily</em> in the form of the juxtaposition of original draft submissions (<em>yuangao</em>) by worker-peasant cadres in conjunction with revised versions (<em>xiugao</em>) produced under the guidance of intellectuals. Readers would be invited to compare the organic writings of worker-peasant cadres with the suggested edits from intellectuals, and would encounter the revised text as a composite literary artefact to which no stable “author” could be assigned. This paper takes the practice of collective writing in this mode as the point of departure for examining how the Maoist cultural project sought to overcome the division of mental and manual labour through a consistent de-fetishization and de-mystification of categories of the author, creativity and ultimately the very autonomy of the literary itself. It does so by tracing the development of this practice from the Yan’an period onwards through to its varied points of emergence after 1949, not least during the Great Leap Forward, when this same form of juxtaposition became central to a resurgent project of mass culture. As a result, it emphasizes the radical, even avant-garde contents of Maoist culture, in which the “death of the author” was posed not simply as a theoretical trope but as a real process of social and cultural transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106880"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subway and entrepreneurship","authors":"Hua Cheng ,&nbsp;Runliang Li ,&nbsp;Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Fucheng Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improved public transportation is widely considered to stimulate economic activity, but its impact on two contrasting dynamics—new firm creation and the growth of existing firms—remains unclear. This study examines the effect of introducing a subway system on entrepreneurship, leveraging a novel administrative dataset from China. Our findings reveal that the introduction of subways in a city significantly reduces both the number of new firms and employment in those firms. The effect is more pronounced for small business creation and in markets with a higher presence of potential marginal entrepreneurs, as the decreased commuting costs may outweigh the opportunity cost of starting a business. Furthermore, this negative effect is evident only in areas with low road density, suggesting that subway systems substantially reduce commuting costs when alternative transportation options are limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106917"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘‘Tracing China’s agrochemical complex” [World Dev. 181 (2024) 106675]","authors":"Yue Zhao ,&nbsp;Sarah Rogers","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106860"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}