World Development最新文献

COVID-19 and rural livelihoods: lessons from a longer-term assessment and the path to recovery 2019冠状病毒病与农村生计：长期评估的教训和复苏之路

IF 4.8 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107200

Maria Lucia Berrospi, Francisco Ceballos, Manuel A. Hernandez, Cynthia Paz

{"title":"COVID-19 and rural livelihoods: lessons from a longer-term assessment and the path to recovery","authors":"Maria Lucia Berrospi, Francisco Ceballos, Manuel A. Hernandez, Cynthia Paz","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic had profound effects on livelihoods across rural populations worldwide. Building on earlier work that examined the initial effects of the pandemic on food security and nutrition among smallholder agricultural households in the Western Highlands of Guatemala, this study offers a longer-term assessment of the impacts and the path to recovery. We rely on a unique longitudinal survey of 1,262 households conducted over four rounds between 2019 and 2022, with the first round in person and the subsequent ones by phone. The results show substantial recoveries in food security and dietary diversity in the region by mid-2022 compared to 2020, but at levels still worse than pre-pandemic ones for some indicators. There is also a sustained increase in the intention to emigrate. The households that were initially more affected in terms of food security and nutrition but recovered faster include those located in one of the three studied departments and families living above the poverty line, while smallholders affected by hurricanes, non-coffee producers, and indigenous populations took longer to recover. We additionally provide quantitative estimates for a subsample of households interviewed in person during a fifth survey round at the end of 2022, showing an average decline of about 16 percent in total household income three years after the start of the pandemic, mainly driven by a decrease in agricultural income, combined with a 26-percent increase in expenditures and an important surge in indebtedness. Overall, the study offers valuable lessons regarding the recovery of vulnerable households following a major global crisis and in a context of additional shocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender, Development, and Recognition of Anthropogenic Climate Change 性别、发展和对人为气候变化的认识

IF 4.8 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107169

Marija Verner , Hong Tien Vu , Jennifer Marlon , Sanguk Lee , Jennifer Carman , Seth A. Rosenthal , Anthony Leiserowitz

{"title":"Gender, Development, and Recognition of Anthropogenic Climate Change","authors":"Marija Verner , Hong Tien Vu , Jennifer Marlon , Sanguk Lee , Jennifer Carman , Seth A. Rosenthal , Anthony Leiserowitz","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impacts of climate change vary significantly across populations, with gender playing a crucial role in shaping how individuals think about and respond to climate risks. Despite evidence that in developed countries women generally express greater environmental concern, this study reveals a critical knowledge gap: women in less economically and democratically developed societies are less likely than men to think climate change is caused by human activities. Using data from 103 countries and territories (<em>n =</em> 92,691), we demonstrate that this gender disparity in thinking about climate causation stems from structural inequalities in access to education and information, particularly in contexts where women’s educational opportunities are limited. As countries advance economically and democratically, these gender gaps in recognizing climate change’s anthropogenic causes diminish. This research highlights how development pathways, particularly educational attainment and information access, shape gendered thinking about climate causation, underscoring the need for gender-responsive climate education initiatives that target women’s specific barriers to climate literacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gendered networks and demand for an agricultural technology in India 性别网络和对印度农业技术的需求

IF 4.8 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107182

Kajal Gulati , Nicholas Magnan , Travis J. Lybbert , David J. Spielman

{"title":"Gendered networks and demand for an agricultural technology in India","authors":"Kajal Gulati , Nicholas Magnan , Travis J. Lybbert , David J. Spielman","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies on social learning and technology adoption often only consider the networks of a single individual in a household as a source of information influencing agricultural production decisions. We test the validity of this assumption by examining the role of men’s and women’s social networks in the adoption of a novel water-saving technology, laser land leveling (LLL), in India. Using network data from men and women in the same household, we test the influence of being connected to an adopter on demand for LLL. We identify the causal gender-specific network effects using a field experiment that combines an auction with a lottery for the technology, making the presence of adopters in networks exogenous. The data reveal that men’s and women’s networks vary in size and show little overlap. We find that whereas household demand for LLL increases when men are linked to an LLL-adopting household, it decreases when the network linkages run through women. These gender-differentiated effects are concentrated in households where the woman’s opinion about the technology is valued by the man and in non-poor households. The results highlight that social learning may interact with the socio-demographic characteristics of households in myriad ways to influence household technology adoption decisions, and that agricultural-based information interventions ought to also consider how information gets used in the household.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microwork as a development project: An ethnographic study of data annotators in Guizhou, China 微工作作为一个发展项目：中国贵州数据注释者的民族志研究

IF 4.8 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107187

Yu Huang , Yidan Kuang

{"title":"Microwork as a development project: An ethnographic study of data annotators in Guizhou, China","authors":"Yu Huang , Yidan Kuang","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper adopts an ethnographic approach to explore microwork as a development project, focusing on the dynamic relations between the state, labor recruiting agency and workers. The Chinese state has made big investments to turn the poor and remote region of Guizhou into a big data hub, laying high hopes for high-tech to contribute to poverty alleviation. Soon the big data industry attracted the concentration of data annotation firms that vowed to train unskilled rural residents to work. We present the case of G Firm, a “complementary organizations to algorithms” (COTA) that conducts data annotation for AI platforms and meets the government’s demand for job creation. Conventional research on microwork largely focuses on how platforms such as AMT and Clickfarm exploit labor, but has paid little attention to the role of outsourced agencies in taking up the tasks of labor training and management. This paper looks at how G Firm offered a space of worker copresence to facilitate the social learning of labelling skills. However, whether annotation work is qualified or not is decided less on annotator’s individual embodied experience or peers’ social expertise than on the requirement of the inspectors. Therefore, COTA serves as an intermediary for the coding elites to exert indirect control over the cybertariat who often have to endure unpaid work due to the fast iteration process of AI. However, the fast turnover rate and fragmented division of labor made them difficult to build solidarity and assert better labor rights. Although data annotators can accomplish tasks that algorithms fail to do, given their lack of solidarity, their skills have not endowed them with high bargaining power. Our study has demonstrated the indispensable role of human labor to technological growth and would like to call for development studies to take into consideration the central role of labor as an agency for change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of technology in reducing the gender gap in productivity 技术在缩小生产力性别差距方面的作用

IF 4.8 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107197

Xavier Cirera , Marcio Cruz , Antonio Martins-Neto , Kyung Min Lee , Caroline Nogueira

{"title":"The role of technology in reducing the gender gap in productivity","authors":"Xavier Cirera , Marcio Cruz , Antonio Martins-Neto , Kyung Min Lee , Caroline Nogueira","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A growing body of literature documents productivity differences between male- and female-led businesses in developing countries. This paper examines these gaps through the lens of technology adoption. Using novel firm-level data from the World Bank’s Firm-level Adoption of Technology surveys, we measure differences in productivity and technology adoption between male- and female-managed firms. The results show that female-managed firms tend to adopt similar levels of technology sophistication in general business functions, but they lag in the adoption of more advanced sector-specific production technologies. We also find that female-managed firms achieve higher productivity gains from adopting advanced technologies, partially offsetting initial gaps. An Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition indicates that differences in managerial quality, access to government support, and sectoral composition account for part of the adoption gap. These findings underscore the role of technology adoption as a potential channel for narrowing gender-based productivity differences in developing economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opportunistic behavior and discrimination in the mexican solar photovoltaic market: An audit experiment 墨西哥太阳能光伏市场的机会主义行为与歧视：一项审计实验

IF 4.8 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107196

Héctor Sandoval ⓡ , Pedro Hancevic ⓡ , Hernán Bejarano ⓡ

{"title":"Opportunistic behavior and discrimination in the mexican solar photovoltaic market: An audit experiment","authors":"Héctor Sandoval ⓡ , Pedro Hancevic ⓡ , Hernán Bejarano ⓡ","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an empirical analysis of supply-side discrimination in the green technology market, with implications for policy optimization in emerging economies. We conduct an audit experiment using a messenger-based approach to investigate price discrimination and market behaviors in Mexico’s residential distributed solar photovoltaic (DPV) market. By using randomized fictitious customer profiles that vary by gender, socioeconomic status (SES), prior DPV knowledge, and access to external financing, we assess how these factors influence provider responses to quote requests. Our findings indicate that women and medium- to high-SES customers face significant overcharges, with combined surcharges exceeding 6% in some cases. Evidence of discriminatory practices based on product knowledge and access to financing is less robust. Oversizing of capacity by providers relative to the optimal size seems to be a common practice, although evidence of discrimination in this regard is rather weak.</div><div>Discriminatory practices may reduce the cost-effectiveness and accessibility of DPV systems, ultimately hindering the impact of programs designed to promote green technology adoption. Addressing these biases is essential for improving market efficiency and enhancing the effectiveness of green technology initiatives aimed at promoting broader adoption across diverse populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Globalization and gender equality 全球化与性别平等

IF 4.8 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107183

Klaus Gründler , Niklas Potrafke , Ramona Schmid , Jan-Egbert Sturm

引用次数: 0

The effects of civil war and forced migration on intimate partner violence among Syrian refugee women in Jordan 内战和被迫移民对约旦境内叙利亚难民妇女亲密伴侣暴力的影响

IF 4.8 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107189

Merve Betül Gökçe , Murat Güray Kırdar

{"title":"The effects of civil war and forced migration on intimate partner violence among Syrian refugee women in Jordan","authors":"Merve Betül Gökçe , Murat Güray Kırdar","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of the Syrian civil war and refugee status on the risk of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) among Syrian women in Jordan, the country with the second highest refugee-to-native ratio worldwide. We analyze data from the 2017–18 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey, which includes a nationally representative sample of Syrian refugees. Using the information <em>on the timing of first violence after marriage</em> within a discrete-time duration analysis, we examine the hazard rates of IPV exposure across different periods: prewar Syria, postwar Syria, and refugee status. Our findings demonstrate that war and refugee status increase the risk of IPV, and these findings persist for women who were married before the civil war. Additionally, the rise in IPV after the refugees’ arrival in Jordan diminishes over time. The study identifies the economic strain resulting from lower household wealth and refugee husbands’ employment losses as a driver of the rise in IPV. Moreover, our innovative approach utilizing GPS locations of refugee households to calculate refugee density reveals that greater social isolation, indicated by reduced proximity to other refugees, significantly exacerbates the risk of IPV among these women. In addition, we explore whether the civil war and refugee status alter marriage patterns, which could contribute to the observed effects on IPV. Both the civil war and forced migration lower the marriage age and increase the incidence of non-cousin marriages at the expense of cousin marriages—both of which are associated with a higher risk of IPV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Taxing the wealthy in Haiti: Evidence from a conjoint experiment on property tax preferences 向海地富人征税：来自财产税优惠联合实验的证据

IF 4.8 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107193

Ana Isabel López García , Sarah Berens

{"title":"Taxing the wealthy in Haiti: Evidence from a conjoint experiment on property tax preferences","authors":"Ana Isabel López García , Sarah Berens","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How can we build support for taxation among the wealthy in fragile conflict-afflicted countries? Haiti, one of the poorest and most unequal societies in the Americas, is highly aid-reliant and lacks tax revenue. From a narrow self-interest perspective, the affluent should become more supportive of property taxation when the tax returns serve their own interest. However, in fragile states that struggle to provide adequate returns and where public goods can also be provided by non-state actors, we also expect broader utility-maximizing motives such as social recognition and the identity of the tax authority to critically define the affluents’ tax support. Support should increase when they receive social recognition, a non-material benefit, for their tax payment and taxes are collected and administered by entities they trust. We test our argument with a conjoint experiment of property tax-related reform proposals in an online survey collected in winter 2023/24 in Haiti, when there was an unexpected gang insurrection. Institutional failure, represented by the gang uprising, erodes the wealthy’s tax support when municipalities are the tax authority. Support for the property tax reform decreases when NGOs are involved. Importantly, the wealthy prefer tax proposals when they receive public recognition from their peer group, a low-cost instrument, and when they know the revenue will benefit the general population, rather than specific groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unsustainable global freshwater consumption driven by economic growth 由经济增长驱动的不可持续的全球淡水消费

IF 4.8 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107185

Vito Frontuto , Tommaso Felici , Silvana Dalmazzone , Benedetta Falsetti , Rosaria Ignaccolo , Francesco Laio , Marco Maria Bagliani

{"title":"Unsustainable global freshwater consumption driven by economic growth","authors":"Vito Frontuto , Tommaso Felici , Silvana Dalmazzone , Benedetta Falsetti , Rosaria Ignaccolo , Francesco Laio , Marco Maria Bagliani","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater, a vital resource for ecosystems and societies, faces increasing threats from anthropic uses and climate change, exacerbating water stress for two-thirds of the global population. The paper examines whether economic growth can alleviate or contribute to the impending water crisis. We examine the interplay between per capita GDP and water demand for food production and consumption across 121 countries over 24 years. Using the CWASI database, a unique global longitudinal dataset on water footprint, our analysis reveals a consistently monotonic increase in the water footprint of consumption at the global scale, as economies grow. The rising pressure is mainly driven by the increasing volume of water embedded in food consumed within each country, even as the water footprint of local food production tends to decline slightly once countries reach a sufficiently high level of per capita income. Our findings suggest that the anticipated improvements in water use efficiency associated with technological and institutional development appear insufficient to counter the global rise in freshwater demand. Instead, the slightly virtuous evolution in the water footprint of production observed in wealthier countries is largely sustained through virtual water imports from less developed regions. Notably, the turning point in water footprint of production for richer countries occurs at per capita levels exceeding the renewable freshwater endowment available in many parts of the world. These findings build on and extend previous evidence of spatial displacement of water use, raising critical concerns about the sustainability of future global water supply, development trajectories, and food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 107185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0