World Development最新文献_第2页

Challenges for implementing zero deforestation commitments in a highly forested country: Perspectives from Liberia’s palm oil sector 在森林覆盖率高的国家履行零毁林承诺面临的挑战：利比里亚棕榈油行业的观点

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106803

{"title":"Challenges for implementing zero deforestation commitments in a highly forested country: Perspectives from Liberia’s palm oil sector","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Halting deforestation is essential to address climate change and biodiversity loss. However, in highly forested, low-income countries like Liberia, “zero deforestation” commitments (ZDCs) adopted by companies may restrict agricultural expansion that has been promoted in national strategies to alleviate poverty. In such situations, examining contrasting perspectives among stakeholders is important to inform ZDCs’ implementation. Here, we applied Critical Systems Heuristics in 94 interviews to explore stakeholders’ perspectives on, and thereby develop a systematic understanding of, ZDCs in Liberia’s concession-based palm oil sector. We found that regulatory, institutional, and political factors that were needed to support commitments’ implementation were missing. Concessions had initially been allocated without communities’ consent being adequately obtained, and oil palm expansion had subsequently been stalled by zero deforestation. This produced a situation where communities that lost farmland to oil palm were reluctant to allow further expansion, while communities in forest areas were frustrated by a lack of promised oil palm expansion. Consequently, although limited oil palm expansion suggests ZDCs were effective after they were adopted, this was perceived to have come at the expense of anticipated improvements in community welfare, with community members in highly forested areas feeling deprived of development. We argue that neither the complete development of Liberia’s oil palm concessions nor limited development with zero deforestation will necessarily improve communities’ welfare without reforming the concession system to promote community-led, deforestation-free agricultural development. This requires public governance reforms, novel mechanisms for agricultural investment, and the localisation of international standards to facilitate zero deforestation in smallholder agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poor health: Credit and blame attribution in India’s multi-level democracy 健康状况不佳：印度多层次民主中的功过归属

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106807

{"title":"Poor health: Credit and blame attribution in India’s multi-level democracy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lines of accountability for the provision of health services in many federal systems are complex. Institutional structures and political strategies that blur lines of responsibility make it more difficult for voters to claim their rights, to assign responsibility and reward or sanction governments on the basis of their performance. Based on a survey of 1500 voters across five states in India, this paper examines how voters attribute credit and blame for health system performance. In India, central, state and local governments are involved in the delivery and financing of different elements of health care provision from running hospitals, providing health insurance to running vaccination programmes. Contrary to expectations, we find that most voters can broadly attribute responsibility to the relevant level of government for different health services and programmes, however a significant minority consistently misattribute responsibility by holding the local government responsible. We find that perceptions of health system performance matter more than partisanship in explaining when voters hold different levels of government responsible. Those who are less satisfied with the health system are more likely to blame the local government for poor performance, even where it is not constitutionally responsible. This suggests that state and national governments receive credit from voters who perceive services as functioning well but are not punished by those who are dissatisfied. In other words, political leaders are able to capture credit among voters who are more satisfied with health provision while deflecting blame from those who are less satisfied. These findings demonstrate important weaknesses in the chain of electoral accountability for health. The paper suggests possible parallels to authoritarian contexts such as China where recent research has shown that strong centralised political leadership claims credit for public goods provision while deflecting blame for corruption and inefficiency to lower levels of government.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting regional governance and regional development: Measurements, linkages and coupling effect 重新审视区域治理和区域发展：测量、联系和耦合效应

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106816

引用次数: 0

Economic complexity and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon 巴西亚马逊地区的经济复杂性和毁林问题

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106804

{"title":"Economic complexity and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the Amazon rainforest faces ever-increasing deforestation, finding a balance between conservation and economic progress becomes imperative. This study investigates the relationship between regional economic complexity (ECI-R) and deforestation in municipalities within the Brazilian Amazon between 2006 and 2021. Employing different econometric techniques, we untangle the multifaceted factors determining land use choices while considering variables associated with agriculture, extraction, and livestock activities. Rigorous testing confirms the validity of our findings. The results suggest an “environmental Kuznets curve” at play in the Amazon. This means that a slight increase in regional economic complexity (0.1 unit) initially leads to a significant rise in deforestation (28 %) but is followed by a decrease (8.4 %) in the following year. Interestingly, environmental fines appear to be a powerful tool for controlling deforestation. Further analysis using Probit regressions reinforces the key roles of economic complexity and environmental enforcement. Municipalities with higher regional complexity were 20 % more likely to experience low deforestation and high employment growth between 2006 and 2011. However, this trend reversed in later periods. Ultimately, the results indicate a complex relationship between economic complexity and deforestation. These findings highlight governments’ critical role in promoting sustainable development in the Amazon. There are limits to such an approach but supporting “green” industries and curbing deforestation-related activities can steer the region towards a more prosperous and environmentally responsible future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Institutional transition: Social cohesion and demand for land titles in urban Tanzania 体制转型：坦桑尼亚城市的社会凝聚力和对土地所有权的需求

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106799

{"title":"Institutional transition: Social cohesion and demand for land titles in urban Tanzania","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In much of urban Africa, demand for statutory property rights remains low even when governments coordinate land titling programmes and reduce the costs of registration. This paper studies the Residential Licence programme of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), which has had moderate and decreasing uptake since the early 2000 s. It tests hypotheses that social cohesion – measured via neighbourhood homogeneity and individual connectedness (or marginalisation) – affects choices of formalisation and explores two potential channels through social cohesion producing returns from informal systems and social sanctions for exit. Statistical analysis of city-wide administrative data shows that more homogenous neighbourhoods with higher shares of older, male and cooperative landholders have lower individual titling, and marginalised individuals, such as newcomers, female and uncooperative landholders, make more recourse to statutory property rights. However, primary survey data and vignettes suggest that landholders expect substantial returns from formalisation, including gains of tenure security and public goods provision over and above the informal tenure system. Expectations of social sanctions by neighbours are negligeable overall, and neighbours do not provide significant disincentives (nor incentives) for land titling decisions in this context. By showing that dimensions of social cohesion make land title acquisition of higher priority for specific groups and individuals, these results add to a growing literature on the links between social cohesion, tenure security and land titling decisions. They underscore a need for further research on how informal tenure systems produce and distribute public goods (including tenure security) generating heterogenous (dis)incentives for transitioning to alternative land institutions. This knowledge will provide better understandings of demand for land titles in rapidly urbanising developing cities and inform more effective land policies addressing specific shortcomings of informal tenure systems for diverse contexts, communities and individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intergenerational effects of education on child mortality: Evidence from the compulsory primary schooling law in Vietnam 教育对儿童死亡率的代际影响：越南小学义务教育法的证据

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106810

{"title":"Intergenerational effects of education on child mortality: Evidence from the compulsory primary schooling law in Vietnam","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We leverage the introduction of Vietnam’s primary compulsory schooling law as a natural experiment to provide new evidence on the effects of parents’ education on child mortality. Employing data from the 2009 Vietnam Population and Housing Census and a regression discontinuity design, we show that the reform increased average schooling duration by approximately half a year. Our key findings reveal that one additional year of maternal schooling induced by the law reduced child mortality by 29.4%, with the majority of improvements concentrated among women residing in rural areas, minor ethnicities, and female children. While increased paternal education also exhibited a negative impact on child mortality, the effect diminished in magnitude and became statistically insignificant when controlling for maternal education. This suggests that neglecting to account for spousal education does not introduce substantial biases in estimates of maternal education’s effect on child mortality but may lead to an upward bias in estimates for fathers’ education. Further, our results indicate that increased maternal education was associated with increasing age at marriage and first birth, reducing total fertility, and engaging more in paid work, all of which could serve as potential pathways for child mortality reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does sovereignty help economic growth? A recent reassessment 主权有助于经济增长吗？最近的重新评估

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106814

引用次数: 0

Institutional coalescence and illegal small scale gold mining in Ghana 加纳的机构整合与非法小规模采金业

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106808

{"title":"Institutional coalescence and illegal small scale gold mining in Ghana","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Across sub-Saharan Africa powerful sites of illegal gold mining challenge and change the workings of a range of statutory and non-statutory institutions, providing rich contexts for investigating institutional complexity. In Ghana, illegal mining contributes an increasing share of gold produced, attracting a large and diverse body of scholarship. This article provides an original and critical analysis of the emerging institutional forms and processes of social accept around the illegal extraction. In so doing it contributes to scholarship on two fronts: By exploring the interconnectedness and changeability of institutions it contributes empirically to understandings and evidence of social processes around the illegal extraction of gold in the Global south, and more broadly about contested sites of resource extraction. Second, it introduces the concept of institutional coalescence to explain and interpret the sociopolitical landscape of shifting power relations at the local level, which successfully meld and change the workings of formal state law, officialdom, and customary norms. In a broader perspective this contributes to understandings of relations between individual agency, organisational behaviour, institutions, and social context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energy Trade Access and Market Monopoly: Evidence from China’s Power Sector 能源贸易准入与市场垄断：来自中国电力行业的证据

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106797

引用次数: 0

Sub-national property tax reform and tax bargaining: Lessons from a quasi-randomized reform program in Sierra Leone 国家以下各级财产税改革与税收谈判：塞拉利昂准随机改革计划的经验教训

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106796

{"title":"Sub-national property tax reform and tax bargaining: Lessons from a quasi-randomized reform program in Sierra Leone","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We evaluate the impact of a quasi-randomized property tax reform implemented in Sierra Leone beginning in 2013 in order to provide evidence about the extent to which expanded taxation results in “tax bargaining” and increased responsiveness and accountability. The paper draws on a panel survey conducted in both treatment and control districts immediately prior to the implementation of a large-scale property tax reform program in 2012 and again in early 2017 in order to offer a uniquely direct and holistic tests of theories linking taxation to expanded responsiveness and accountability. The paper first presents evidence that the tax reform program resulted in large and significant improvements in the perceived quality of public services, consistent with theories linking expanded taxation to improvements in governance. It then provides evidence of individual level changes in attitudes and behaviors that can explain those aggregate improvements in service delivery outcomes: a large expansion of political knowledge, increases in important forms of political engagement, and the emergence of more conditional attitudes toward tax compliance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0