World Development最新文献

{"title":"Have ‘life plans’ delivered on their transformative aspirations for Indigenous empowerment through conservation? Evidence from four watersheds in the Peruvian Amazon","authors":"Ashwin Ravikumar ,&nbsp;Alonso Pérez Ojeda del Arco","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents among the first comparative empirical studies on the implementation of “life plans” in the Amazon region. Life plans are tools aimed at advancing Indigenous empowerment, conservation efforts, and rural development objectives. Rooted in the transformative planning traditions originating in the 1970s, Indigenous organizations and conservation non-profits have championed life plans as alternatives to conventional development strategies that can promote ecosystem health and human well-being rather than narrowly emphasizing incomes and economic growth. Focusing on the Peruvian Amazon, this study explores how life plans have worked in practice. Despite the substantial impact of these plans on the globally significant ecosystems of the region, their effects have not been subjected to rigorous study until now. Drawing on data from 120 semi-structured interviews and 285 focus group participants across twelve Indigenous communities spanning four diverse watersheds, this paper investigates the extent to which life plans have facilitated transformative changes. We show that connections to broader social movements are vital in ensuring that life plans do not inadvertently reinforce existing political and economic structures. The exploratory study reveals that while life plans have enhanced collaborative conservation efforts in pre-established co-management structures, they have not fundamentally transformed historically strained relationships between communities and environmental agencies. Moreover, our results indicate that communities struggle to leverage state resources through life plans without robust advocacy institutions. Despite not directly altering rural power dynamics, life plans have, in certain instances, enabled communities to articulate visions of a future that are less extractive and more ecologically sustainable. We urge international climate justice movements, political ecologists including degrowth scholars, and planners to study and critically support life plans and Indigenous institutions advocating for them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106972"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women’s work, never done, now paid: Assessing Tamil Nadu’s Urimai Thogai scheme","authors":"Prabha Kotiswaran","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 2021, a radical new social experiment is underway in India. Political parties across the ideological spectrum have rolled out unconditional cash transfers targeting nearly 90 million women ostensibly for female empowerment but with an eye on electoral success. This article seeks to understand one such scheme in the state of Tamil Nadu, namely, the Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thogai scheme rolled out in 2023. This scheme promises women satisfying certain criteria an unconditional cash transfer of Rs. 1000 per month in recognition of their unpaid domestic and care work. There has been a robust debate amongst feminists and scholars of the welfare state alike on whether such schemes operationalised through direct bank transfers are truly empowering. A preliminary qualitative study of the scheme shows that the transfer did not disincentivise women from pursuing education or entering paid employment. While women could not readily associate the scheme with a recognition of their unpaid work, they felt being seen by the state and were in turn appreciative of what they perceived as the state’s role in furthering gender equality. They also demonstrated a keen awareness of the gendered division of labour and a desire to change it. The scheme contributed to their financial well-being, dignity and peace of mind where they often relied on men for even small amounts of money. With adequate messaging on the value of women’s unpaid work and the creation of jobs that women desire, the scheme has the potential to not only realise the goals of SDG 5.4 (recognise, reduce and redistribute women’s unpaid domestic and care work) but also to reconfigure the marital bargain and the social contract between women and the state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106947"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective community mobilization: Evidence from Mali","authors":"Maria Laura Alzua ,&nbsp;Juan Camilo Cardenas ,&nbsp;Habiba Djebbari","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experts argue that the adoption of healthy sanitation practices, such as hand washing and latrine use, requires focusing on the entire community rather than individual behaviors. According to this view, one limiting factor in ending open defecation lies in the capacity of the community to collectively act toward this goal. Each member of a community bears the private cost of contributing by washing hands and using latrines, but the benefits through better health outcomes depend on whether other community members also opt out of open defecation. We rely on a community-based intervention carried out in Mali as an illustrative example (Community-Led Total Sanitation or CLTS). Using a series of experiments conducted in 121 villages and designed to measure the willingness of community members to contribute to a local public good, we investigate the process of participation in a collective action problem setting. Our focus is on two types of activities: (1) gathering of community members to encourage public discussion of the collective action problem, and (2) facilitation by a community champion of the adoption of individual actions to attain the socially preferred outcome. In games, communication helps raise public good provision, and both open discussion and facilitated ones have the same impact. When a community member facilitates a discussion after an open discussion session, public good contributions increase, but there are no gains from opening up the discussion after a facilitated session. Community members who choose to contribute in the no-communication treatment are not better facilitators than those who choose not to contribute.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106956"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patronage networks and multitasking incentives: Evidence from local officials’ responses to public crises in China’s centralized bureaucracy","authors":"Bo Feng ,&nbsp;Bei Lu ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Dandan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multitasking agency problems affect government performance. While governments can give high-level authorities discretion to monitor agents’ multitasking performance, such “top-down” control could foster patronage-based relations throughout hierarchies, compounding multitasking problems. However, little research has examined the relationship between multitasking and patronage. We argue that patronage induces agents to prioritize tasks where their superiors face heightened “top-down” pressures while downplaying other tasks. Exploiting the staggered adoption of Community Stringent Measures (CSMs) across Chinese cities, we compare Chinese local officials’ COVID-19 responses based on city officials’ patronage connections to provincial superiors, who oversaw their performance and faced pressures to contain infections. CSMs in connected cities more substantially reduced virus infections compared to unconnected cities, but generated more pronounced human mobility reduction and citizen discontent, potentially hindering economic development and social stability. Our findings suggest that agents’ multitasking incentives are shaped by patronage connections within the centralized hierarchy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106953"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unjust energy transition: Vignettes from the COPs, climate finance and a coal hotspot","authors":"Nikita Sud","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As we move from dependence on fossil fuels towards zero carbon renewables, ‘just transition’ promises to leave no one behind. This paper has two objectives. First, it traces the trajectory of justice claims in the lead-up to the just transition agenda. Second, it explores unfolding just transition measures in the climate-vulnerable Global South. To pursue the first objective, I adopt a historical and political approach. I demonstrate the contested nature of environmental and climate justice claims that preceded just transition. Typically led by communities dependent on land, water, and the environmental commons for livelihoods and life, place-based struggles pushed against dispossession by developmental, modernist states and business. From the 1990 s, with the growing imprint of the climate crisis, states and businesses have increasingly entered the climate solutions arena. At multilateral climate fora such as the UN COPs, states, along with businesses, and finance and technology firms, hold the mantle of just transition today. In this upscaled context, justice concerns play out around the distribution of climate finance, especially from the traditionally polluting Global North to the South. Pursuant of the second objective of the research, and drawing on interview-based data, the paper traces the largest climate finance partnership between North and South: coal-dependent Indonesia’s Just Energy Transition Partnership. In the shaping of Indonesia’s JETP, justice is a tagline. The focus is on energy as investment opportunity—for the scheme’s international funders, and the recipient country. The trajectory of justice from ground–up environmental and climate justice struggles to multilateral climate fora and high-profile North-South just transition programmes shows elitization and depoliticization. It is no surprise that a South-based Just Energy Transition Partnership is far from bringing everybody along. Contributing to critical climate and energy studies, the paper spans scale, space, and time in its interrogation of the unjust energy transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remittances, sanitation and child malnutrition in middle-income countries: A case study from rural Northeast Thailand and Central Vietnam","authors":"Trung Thanh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Thanh-Tung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Manh Hung Do ,&nbsp;Dil Rahut ,&nbsp;Duy Linh Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106975"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of using PAR to promote collective action with denotified tribes in India: Surfacing intersections and tensions between religious and other inequalities","authors":"Howard Jo ,&nbsp;Pradeep Narayanan ,&nbsp;Sowmyaa Bharadwaj ,&nbsp;Mayank Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores how inequalities based on religion, caste and tribe are experienced by Denotified Tribes (DNTs) in India, using participatory action research. We analyse how the intersection of these inequalities impacts on people’s strategies to enhance their development capabilities. We employ an intersecting inequalities framework to explore the inequalities experienced in the everyday lives of DNTs and generate a clearer understanding of the entanglements and tensions between these inequalities and people’s agency, choices, and coping strategies. We draw on recent scholarship on intersectionality, inequalities, and collective action to inquire into the possibilities for DNTs to navigate these inequalities to enhance their development freedoms and enjoy full citizenship entitlements. The paper draws on findings generated through participatory research methodologies, including innovative ‘ground level panels’ and community-based peer research, undertaken with primarily Muslim-majority DNT groups in India. Theorising pathways to development for intersectionally marginalised groups as contingent on their capacities for collective agency, we find limited evidence of intersectional solidarity, but identify a case where mobilising around religious identity and concealing tribal identity has been pursued as a development strategy. The research demonstrates the potential of participatory methodologies to enable dialogue across difference that can contribute to intersectional solidarities and collective agency. It also highlights the need for development policies to avoid hierarchising and reinforcing inequalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106959"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking it easy: Disrupting development, justice and reparations through black in-bodiment and creative expression in the USA","authors":"Xander Creed ,&nbsp;Shyamika Jayasundara-Smits ,&nbsp;SLiNK (Kelsey) Love","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The legacies and afterlives of slavery contribute to the racist, gendered, classist domination and unrest encountered by Black Americans living in the so-called ‘post-racial’ United States of America. This violence persists despite the continual developments of racial justice movements and calls for decolonization. Grounded in the emerging scholarship of the ‘Black Horizon’ together with trailblazing work undertaken by Black Feminist scholars, and applying a diffractive methodology by taking rest and conversation as methods, we investigated how rest is an embodied practice through which Black Americans avow their bodies and pleasure that were previously violently denied to them in the making of the modern world. Backed by empirical evidence gathered with a Cincinnati based pole dancing collective founded by Black women, our study claims that taking it easy – resting – fundamentally challenges the anti-Black foundation of the modern world, as a refusal to participate in the continual exploitation of both Black labor and pleasure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106970"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Shine a (night)light: Decentralization and economic development in Burkina Faso” [World Dev. 187(2025) 106851]","authors":"Olivier B. Bargain ,&nbsp;Rose Camille Vincent ,&nbsp;Emilie Caldeira","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106968","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106968"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do banks respond to violence?","authors":"Whelsy Boungou ,&nbsp;Mahdi Fawaz ,&nbsp;Alhonita Yatié","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we investigate how banks are exposed to violence and how they respond to it. Specifically, we investigate how non-performing loans and customers’ demand for liquidity react to violence. Then, we assess the impact of violence on banks’ liquidity and loan maturity. For this purpose, we mobilize data from 1222 banks located in 88 countries among the most exposed to violence in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East from 1997 to 2021. Our analysis shows that the existence and intensity of violence lead to an increase in non-performing loans and cash withdrawals by banks’ customers. Furthermore, violence leads to a reduction in credit volume through the increase of the cost of credit and preference for very short-term loans. Finally, in response to violence, banks diversify their sources of income to offset the decline in lending activity and preserve their profitability. Overall, our study documents the impact of violence on banks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106955"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}