World Development最新文献_第10页

The BRI in Pakistan’s power sector: From initial success to structural challenges “一带一路”倡议在巴基斯坦电力领域：从初步成功到结构性挑战

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106929

Muhammad Tayyab Safdar

{"title":"The BRI in Pakistan’s power sector: From initial success to structural challenges","authors":"Muhammad Tayyab Safdar","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As part of the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI), Chinese actors have invested substantial resources in infrastructure projects in developing countries. Many of these projects are now operational. However, there is limited discussion of the factors contributing to the implementation of projects or the subsequent difficulties faced by Chinese actors during operations. This paper addresses this gap using a case study of Chinese investment in Pakistan’s power sector under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). It uses the strategic action field (SAF) framework to analyse the interplay of Chinese and local actors in Pakistan’s power sector. Using in-depth qualitative interviews, it shows that Chinese and Pakistani cooperation in the power sector is marked by convergence and contestation. The early stages of the SAF were characterised by the convergence between Chinese and Pakistani elite interests, resulting in significant investment. Chinese investors enjoyed greater bargaining power at this stage and received multiple institutionalised concessions from the host country at the rule-setting stage. As projects became operational, increasing contestation culminated in an inversion of the field’s power dynamics. Various factors precipitated this inversion, including high-level political changes in Pakistan, which elevated opposition political leaders who were excluded from the SAF at the negotiation stage and questioned the field’s rules. Pakistan’s economic challenges further exacerbated problems as the host country sought to renegotiate the long-term agreements to reduce the returns for Chinese-financed power plants and alter financing terms. Though the host government has been unable to change the agreements, it has reneged on implementing the critical rules safeguarding the interests of Chinese investors. Chinese investors face diminishing leverage when dealing with host country governments that do not enforce rules underpinning investment due to the sticky nature of infrastructure investments and the Chinese state’s geopolitical interests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106929"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Violent conflicts and education: The LRA insurgency in Northern Uganda revisited” [World Develop. 186 (2025) 106822] “暴力冲突与教育：乌干达北部圣主抵抗军叛乱重访”的勘误表[世界发展，186 (2025)106822]

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106943

Douglas Kazibwe

引用次数: 0

From displacement to statehood: The ecological and political metamorphosis of accompong marronage 从流离失所到建国：伴随婚姻的生态和政治变形

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106948

Marie Widengård

{"title":"From displacement to statehood: The ecological and political metamorphosis of accompong marronage","authors":"Marie Widengård","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores Accompong marronage as a form of displacement ecology, showing how the Maroons of Accompong in Jamaica have adapted their strategies for autonomy and resistance from the colonial period to today. Descendants of formerly enslaved Africans and Indigenous Taíno, the Accompong Maroons embody resilience, evolving from military resistance against colonial forces to modern ecological stewardship, state-making, and legal advocacy. Central to their current struggle is their opposition to bauxite mining in Cockpit Country—ancestral land they aim to protect. This conflict reflects broader issues of sovereignty, land rights, and the Maroons’ right to safeguard lands with historical and cultural significance. By applying the concept of marronage metamorphosis, this study situates Accompong’s resistance within displacement ecology, examining how communities actively resist displacement and reshape their environments to sustain autonomy and cultural continuity. These histories of Maroon self-determination provide valuable insights into contemporary struggles for land and identity. It emphasizes the importance of understanding displacement not as an isolated event but as an ongoing process intertwined with historical legacies and contemporary challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 106948"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disaster and political trust: Evidence from the 2017 Mexico city earthquake 灾难与政治信任：来自2017年墨西哥城地震的证据

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106927

Margaret H. Frost , SangEun Kim , Carlos Scartascini , Paula Zamora , Elizabeth J. Zechmeister

引用次数: 0

Vernacular Modernity: The politics of the Project-Affected people in rural western India 乡土现代性：印度西部农村受项目影响人群的政治

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106873

Vikramaditya Thakur

{"title":"Vernacular Modernity: The politics of the Project-Affected people in rural western India","authors":"Vikramaditya Thakur","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper uses ethnographic fieldwork and archival records concerning seven government projects, large dams and protected areas, to study the successful mobilization by thousands of rural lower caste and other marginal groups in the western Indian state of Maharashtra. Led by their organic leaders, they first formulated and repeatedly reshaped a state policy of resettlement for project affected people due to development schemes and other state ventures since 1976, and have ensured its implementation in rural settings for nearly five decades. The paper argues that the politics and worldview of these project-affected persons, mostly illiterate and others with some education, reflects a phenomenon that I term vernacular modernity with roots in the lower-caste cultural revolt from the early colonial period that adapted the European enlightenment discourse to the local setting for questioning existing sociopolitical inequalities. Generations of left leaders thereafter have been constructively reconfiguring the contours of modernity, development, democracy and state-making at the margins along with many community leaders who have been shaping their own resettlement as a state infrastructure project. The paper also highlights the political economy of state projects and the challenges concerning forced resettlement processes including shrinking land holdings, a lackadaisical state machinery, host–guest conflicts in the new setting and related issues. This exploratory work tries to strike a conversation between two disparate sets of literature in critical social science concerning protected areas and infrastructure while it offers a fresh empirical perspective on modernity and subaltern politics in rural India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106873"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From development to dependency in Latin America. A critical stance on Argentina’s developmentalist experiences 拉丁美洲从发展到依赖。对阿根廷发展主义经验的批判立场

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106944

Mariano Féliz

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Curse of low-skilled emigration on human capital formation: Evidence from the migration surge of the 2000s 低技能移民对人力资本形成的诅咒：来自2000年代移民潮的证据

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106931

Sam Hak Kan Tang , Yichen Wang , Yong Wang

{"title":"Curse of low-skilled emigration on human capital formation: Evidence from the migration surge of the 2000s","authors":"Sam Hak Kan Tang , Yichen Wang , Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-skilled emigration is generally construed as benign and even beneficial for the migrant-sending countries. However, it can also lead to a disincentive effect on human capital formation in the source countries. Using a panel bilateral migration dataset that captures the surge of low-skill migrants in OECD countries in the 2000s, we study how low-skilled emigration affects human capital formation in the migrant-sending countries. We find that the expected returns to low-skilled emigration reduce long-run human capital formation as measured by the average years of schooling and the human capital index of the migrant-sending countries in the subsequent decade. This negative effect on overall human capital formation is manifested through a substantial reduction in tertiary educational attainment, which is both statistically significant and robust to various sensitivity tests and alternative model specifications. Additionally, there is some evidence of a positive association between the expected returns to low-skilled emigration and secondary educational attainment in the subsequent decade. An important qualification is that only middle- and high-income countries are strongly affected by low-skilled emigration, while low-income countries show little to no disincentive effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106931"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The transfer of employment structure: Export expansion and the rise of lower-middle-skill occupations in China 就业结构转移：中国出口扩张与中低技能职业的兴起

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106932

Weishan Tan , Guangjun Shen , Guangsu Zhou

引用次数: 0

Trust, hope, and collective action in fragile political settings: A qualitative comparative analysis of water user groups in Tunisia 脆弱政治环境中的信任、希望和集体行动：突尼斯用水群体的定性比较分析

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106928

Sophie Bhalla , Dustin Garrick , Constance L. McDermott

{"title":"Trust, hope, and collective action in fragile political settings: A qualitative comparative analysis of water user groups in Tunisia","authors":"Sophie Bhalla , Dustin Garrick , Constance L. McDermott","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collective action theory acknowledges that self-governing institutional arrangements, such as water user groups, can successfully develop strategies to address natural resource problems. However, studies of collective action have largely neglected the role of social, political and/or ecological fragility, where institutional trust and hope may have been eroded over time, and where natural resources are severely depleted. This paper uses Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to examine the pathways that mediate the multi-faceted relationship between trust, hope, and collective action in the context of water user groups, addressing resource scarcity challenges in post-authoritarian Tunisia. The analyses are based on data from archival sources, key informant interviews, hydrogeological models, local inventories, and semi-structured interviews with members of 15 local water user groups in the Tunisian governorate of Kairouan. Results from Qualitative Comparative Analyses shed light on dynamics of trust and hope as well as the substitutability of shared norms under given ecological conditions. Results demonstrate that water users see social trust-based systems as an alternative to the coercive power of the state. Specifically we find that: (1) social cohesion and the expectation that other water users stick to local, often informal, rules were found to increase collective action, i.e. fee recovery, under systemic fragility; (2) resource scarcity, i.e. aquifer depletion, can serve as a driver of both conflict as well as cooperation, depending on conjoint social-ecological interactions; and, finally, (3) conflict is more frequently associated with low-hope environments, where users are unable to perceive the possibility of positive system change. These insights seek to inform more realistic policy reforms that are sensitive to a fragile water governance system prone to social unrest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106928"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dynamics of disappearing routine jobs in Chile: An analysis of the link between deroutinisation and informality 智利常规工作消失的动态：非常规化与非正式性之间联系的分析

IF 5.4 1区经济学

World Development Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106923

Isaure Delaporte , Werner Peña

{"title":"The dynamics of disappearing routine jobs in Chile: An analysis of the link between deroutinisation and informality","authors":"Isaure Delaporte , Werner Peña","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In spite of the growing literature on deroutinisation, little is known about the individual-level patterns underlying the decline of routine jobs and the link with informal employment in middle-income countries. To fill this gap, we analyse the flows of routine workers into and out of formal and informal routine and non-routine occupations over the period 1980–2015 in Chile. Using rich longitudinal data from the Social Protection Survey, we reconstruct individuals’ occupational trajectories by classifying individuals based on their ISCO-88 2-digit level occupations into different states on a monthly basis. We then estimate a series of multilevel competing risk event history models and adopt a decomposition flow approach to study the flows underlying the decline of routine occupations over time. Our findings indicate a process of displacement and occupational downgrading for routine manual workers: workers in routine manual formal employment increasingly become non-employed or use informality as a buffer against job loss, and workers in routine manual informal employment become unemployed or transit to non-routine manual informal occupations. Our decomposition analysis shows that the decline in the share of routine occupations in Chile is mostly accounted for by a decrease in the inflow transition rate from unemployment, coupled with an increase in the outflow transition rates to unemployment. Lastly, we find that, over time, a larger proportion of individuals who were formally employed in RM occupations transit to informal employment after a period of unemployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106923"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0