World Development最新文献

{"title":"Fishery access benefits early childhood development through fish consumption and fishing income pathways","authors":"Ranaivo A. Rasolofoson ,&nbsp;Erin M. Milner ,&nbsp;Brian J. Mattah ,&nbsp;Justin S. Brashares ,&nbsp;Lia H. Fernald ,&nbsp;Kathryn J. Fiorella","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within many global communities, access to natural resources benefits nutrition through provision of both food and livelihoods. In fishing communities, fish provide a rich source of essential nutrients, and fishing represents a critical income source. While evidence for the beneficial nutrients in fish abounds, fisheries’ integrated influence on nutrition outcomes through provisioning both fish for consumption and fishing income has not been examined. To address the full value of fishery resources’ contributions to food systems, within fishing communities around Lake Victoria, Kenya, we examined the effects of fish consumption and fishing income pathways on child gross motor, personal-social, and communication development as measured through the parent-reported Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Inventory across 210 households surveyed at nine time points over two years. We used mediation analyses to determine whether fishing income operates through or independently of child growth to affect early childhood development. Consumption of only one of two predominant fish species significantly benefited all three child development outcomes. Fishing income, through its effects on child growth, also significantly increased gross motor and personal-social development. Notably, the magnitude of effects of fishing income are comparable to those of fish consumption (ranging from 0.10 [90% CI 0.03–0.18] to 0.18 [90% CI 0.09–0.28]). Natural resources play a complex role in provisioning wild food, affecting nutrition outcomes through both diets and income. Disentangling these pathways and appreciating their relative magnitude are critical to advancing programs and policies to improve nutrition, early childhood development, and nature conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106819"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualizing and evaluating how international organizations collaborate","authors":"Tamar Gutner ,&nbsp;Rasmus Heltberg","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>International organizations (IOs) are increasingly being called upon to work with each other and with other actors, but little is known about how to evaluate the effectiveness and outcomes of these interactions. This article introduces a special issue and research project on ways of conceptualizing, analyzing, and evaluating how IOs partner, collaborate, or work together in other ways. We bring together different disciplinary perspectives on evaluating and researching collaborative relationships. We define the key concepts of collaboration, coordination, cooperation, and convening, and argue that the differences matter in substantive ways. We propose an analytical framework for evaluating and researching IO collaborative relationships comprising the composition of the actors, the objectives, the design features, and the exogenous factors. We discuss how collaborative relationships can and should be purposefully designed, analyzed, and evaluated and propose approaches to do so, emphasizing the need to complement assessments of outputs and outcomes with attention to trust and processes that nurture relationships. Our larger aim is to enhance understanding of how to make international and other organizations more effective collaborators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106789"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Territorial arrangements and ethnic conflict management: The paradox that isn’t","authors":"Natascha S. Neudorfer ,&nbsp;Ulrike G. Theuerkauf ,&nbsp;Stefan Wolff","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethnic civil war, the most common type of war in the 21st century, is one of the biggest challenges for development practitioners and scholars. Like other types of armed conflict, it impedes countries’ economic, social and political development, and there is no consensus on how ‘best’ to solve it. Territorial self-governance has received much attention in efforts to reduce the risk of ethnic civil war, but the academic and policy debates over its effects remain inconclusive. This has reinforced the notion that territorial self-governance is a ‘paradoxical’ institution, which either increases or mitigates the risk of ethnic civil war. In this article, we argue that claims of a ‘paradox’ of territorial self-governance are exaggerated, as they stem from differences in empirical operationalization. We present a systematic overview of the underlying definitions, geographic and temporal scope of quantitative indicators from ten datasets, and compare how they capture aspects of self-rule, shared rule and their legal codification. Using a series of binary time-series-cross-section analyses, we illustrate that different measures of territorial arrangements lead to different results, both regarding the significance and direction of statistical effects. Our findings highlight the need to pay greater attention to the deceptively simple yet empirically fundamental question of which data are being used and why.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106812"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the links between economic inequality and political violence: The role of social mobilization","authors":"Patricia Justino","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper revisits the age-old question of <em>how</em> economic inequalities may affect the emergence of political violence. Recent findings from three distinct bodies of literature suggest that this relationship is shaped by the forms of social mobilization inequalities (may) generate. The paper reviews this new evidence and outlines two conditions under which social mobilization in unequal societies may result in either non-violent or violent collective action and, ultimately, in violent conflict. The first condition is the level of social cooperation between different social groups that are formed during the process of social mobilization. The second is the efficacy of collective action to drive change, which is in turn shaped by the ability of individuals within groups to coordinate their actions. Forms of social mobilization become violent when antagonism is the dominant form of social interaction between different social groups in unequal societies <em>and</em> when each of these social groups exhibits high levels of internal coordination. This framework raises new research questions and policy implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106820"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hunting militias at all cost: Urban military operation and birth outcomes","authors":"Darwin Cortés ,&nbsp;Catalina Gómez ,&nbsp;Christian Posso ,&nbsp;Gabriel Suárez","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of Operation Orion on newborn health outcomes. While previous research has examined the adverse effects of conflict on child health, the specific consequences of state military operations on newborns, especially in urban settings, remain underexplored. Using a Difference-in-Differences design and administrative data from the Colombian Vital Statistics Reports, we assess the effects of Operation Orion on birth weight, height, prematurity, the likelihood of a high APGAR score, Small for Gestational Age (SGA), and prenatal visits. Our analysis shows a significant reduction in birth weight among infants born in intervention-affected neighborhoods, with the effects most pronounced among infants of married and less educated mothers. We also find a decrease in birth height and a lower probability of an APGAR score above 7, which is indicative of good health at birth. No significant effects are observed for the other outcomes. We discuss maternal stress as the primary mechanism underlying these findings. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex impacts of state military operations and highlight the need to consider contextual factors when evaluating their effects on local communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106809"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges for implementing zero deforestation commitments in a highly forested country: Perspectives from Liberia’s palm oil sector","authors":"Joss Lyons-White ,&nbsp;Philip A. Zodua ,&nbsp;Christian Mikolo Yobo ,&nbsp;Solomon C. Carlon ,&nbsp;Robert M. Ewers ,&nbsp;Andrew T. Knight","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Halting deforestation is essential to address climate change and biodiversity loss. However, in highly forested, low-income countries like Liberia, “zero deforestation” commitments (ZDCs) adopted by companies may restrict agricultural expansion that has been promoted in national strategies to alleviate poverty. In such situations, examining contrasting perspectives among stakeholders is important to inform ZDCs’ implementation. Here, we applied Critical Systems Heuristics in 94 interviews to explore stakeholders’ perspectives on, and thereby develop a systematic understanding of, ZDCs in Liberia’s concession-based palm oil sector. We found that regulatory, institutional, and political factors that were needed to support commitments’ implementation were missing. Concessions had initially been allocated without communities’ consent being adequately obtained, and oil palm expansion had subsequently been stalled by zero deforestation. This produced a situation where communities that lost farmland to oil palm were reluctant to allow further expansion, while communities in forest areas were frustrated by a lack of promised oil palm expansion. Consequently, although limited oil palm expansion suggests ZDCs were effective after they were adopted, this was perceived to have come at the expense of anticipated improvements in community welfare, with community members in highly forested areas feeling deprived of development. We argue that neither the complete development of Liberia’s oil palm concessions nor limited development with zero deforestation will necessarily improve communities’ welfare without reforming the concession system to promote community-led, deforestation-free agricultural development. This requires public governance reforms, novel mechanisms for agricultural investment, and the localisation of international standards to facilitate zero deforestation in smallholder agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106803"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor health: Credit and blame attribution in India’s multi-level democracy","authors":"Oliver Heath ,&nbsp;Louise Tillin ,&nbsp;Jyoti Mishra ,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar ,&nbsp;Sandhya Venkateswaran","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lines of accountability for the provision of health services in many federal systems are complex. Institutional structures and political strategies that blur lines of responsibility make it more difficult for voters to claim their rights, to assign responsibility and reward or sanction governments on the basis of their performance. Based on a survey of 1500 voters across five states in India, this paper examines how voters attribute credit and blame for health system performance. In India, central, state and local governments are involved in the delivery and financing of different elements of health care provision from running hospitals, providing health insurance to running vaccination programmes. Contrary to expectations, we find that most voters can broadly attribute responsibility to the relevant level of government for different health services and programmes, however a significant minority consistently misattribute responsibility by holding the local government responsible. We find that perceptions of health system performance matter more than partisanship in explaining when voters hold different levels of government responsible. Those who are less satisfied with the health system are more likely to blame the local government for poor performance, even where it is not constitutionally responsible. This suggests that state and national governments receive credit from voters who perceive services as functioning well but are not punished by those who are dissatisfied. In other words, political leaders are able to capture credit among voters who are more satisfied with health provision while deflecting blame from those who are less satisfied. These findings demonstrate important weaknesses in the chain of electoral accountability for health. The paper suggests possible parallels to authoritarian contexts such as China where recent research has shown that strong centralised political leadership claims credit for public goods provision while deflecting blame for corruption and inefficiency to lower levels of government.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106807"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting regional governance and regional development: Measurements, linkages and coupling effect","authors":"Yingbo Li ,&nbsp;Zihan Wang ,&nbsp;Ziqiu Lin ,&nbsp;Yuning Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a conceptual framework for the multidimensional aspects of regional governance that influence regional development. In order to test the coupling effect of governance factors on economic growth and welfare improvement, a combination method comprising two-way fixed effects models, systematic GMM models, natural language processing and machine learning has been adopted. The findings underscore the heterogeneous nature of regional governance factors that exert influence on regional economic growth and welfare improvement in China. This study builds upon the preceding conclusion that a singular dimension of governance factor exerts an impact on regional economic growth or welfare improvement. Moreover, the study offers decision-makers a nuanced policy perspective to facilitate regional economic growth and enhance welfare from a coupling governance perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106816"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic complexity and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Fabricio Silveira ,&nbsp;João P. Romero ,&nbsp;Arthur Queiroz ,&nbsp;Elton Freitas ,&nbsp;Alexandre Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the Amazon rainforest faces ever-increasing deforestation, finding a balance between conservation and economic progress becomes imperative. This study investigates the relationship between regional economic complexity (ECI-R) and deforestation in municipalities within the Brazilian Amazon between 2006 and 2021. Employing different econometric techniques, we untangle the multifaceted factors determining land use choices while considering variables associated with agriculture, extraction, and livestock activities. Rigorous testing confirms the validity of our findings. The results suggest an “environmental Kuznets curve” at play in the Amazon. This means that a slight increase in regional economic complexity (0.1 unit) initially leads to a significant rise in deforestation (28 %) but is followed by a decrease (8.4 %) in the following year. Interestingly, environmental fines appear to be a powerful tool for controlling deforestation. Further analysis using Probit regressions reinforces the key roles of economic complexity and environmental enforcement. Municipalities with higher regional complexity were 20 % more likely to experience low deforestation and high employment growth between 2006 and 2011. However, this trend reversed in later periods. Ultimately, the results indicate a complex relationship between economic complexity and deforestation. These findings highlight governments’ critical role in promoting sustainable development in the Amazon. There are limits to such an approach but supporting “green” industries and curbing deforestation-related activities can steer the region towards a more prosperous and environmentally responsible future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106804"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional transition: Social cohesion and demand for land titles in urban Tanzania","authors":"Martina Manara","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In much of urban Africa, demand for statutory property rights remains low even when governments coordinate land titling programmes and reduce the costs of registration. This paper studies the Residential Licence programme of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), which has had moderate and decreasing uptake since the early 2000 s. It tests hypotheses that social cohesion – measured via neighbourhood homogeneity and individual connectedness (or marginalisation) – affects choices of formalisation and explores two potential channels through social cohesion producing returns from informal systems and social sanctions for exit. Statistical analysis of city-wide administrative data shows that more homogenous neighbourhoods with higher shares of older, male and cooperative landholders have lower individual titling, and marginalised individuals, such as newcomers, female and uncooperative landholders, make more recourse to statutory property rights. However, primary survey data and vignettes suggest that landholders expect substantial returns from formalisation, including gains of tenure security and public goods provision over and above the informal tenure system. Expectations of social sanctions by neighbours are negligeable overall, and neighbours do not provide significant disincentives (nor incentives) for land titling decisions in this context. By showing that dimensions of social cohesion make land title acquisition of higher priority for specific groups and individuals, these results add to a growing literature on the links between social cohesion, tenure security and land titling decisions. They underscore a need for further research on how informal tenure systems produce and distribute public goods (including tenure security) generating heterogenous (dis)incentives for transitioning to alternative land institutions. This knowledge will provide better understandings of demand for land titles in rapidly urbanising developing cities and inform more effective land policies addressing specific shortcomings of informal tenure systems for diverse contexts, communities and individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 106799"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}