Journal of Experimental Social Psychology最新文献_第9页

Summarized and sequential discrimination - A paradigm for research on the perception of multiple instances of discrimination 概括的和顺序的歧视——研究对多种歧视情况的感知的范式

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104548

Paul-Michael Heineck, Roland Deutsch

{"title":"Summarized and sequential discrimination - A paradigm for research on the perception of multiple instances of discrimination","authors":"Paul-Michael Heineck, Roland Deutsch","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite a large body of knowledge about factors influencing perceptions of discrimination in single instances, little is known about the perception of discrimination based on multiple instances of discrimination. One reason for this lack of knowledge is that existing methods in discrimination perception research are not optimal for this subject. The present manuscript introduces the Summarized and Sequential Discrimination (SUSED) Paradigm, which was designed to facilitate investigating processes of discrimination perception based on multiple discriminatory instances. The SUSED-paradigm provides participants with statistical information about multiple instances of discrimination and fosters investigating information processing underlying judgments of discrimination. In the SUSED-paradigm, information on discrimination is presented either in a summarized or in a sequential format in which an approximation of the actual statistical strength of discrimination can be derived from the given information. Experiments 1–6 (<em>N</em> = 1130) demonstrate the utility of the SUSED-paradigm for experimentally manipulating statistical discrimination at multiple levels of strength in a manner that can be perceived by participants. The results demonstrate high correlations between subjective and statistical discrimination strengths, even when real marginalized groups were presented. Furthermore, we compared how three different measures of discrimination perception differ in their sensitivity to variations in differential group treatments and the strength of the statistical discrimination. Experiments 7 and 8 (<em>N</em> = 347) replicated the well-documented prototype effect in both formats of the SUSED-paradigm to gauge the paradigms convergent validity with former methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103123001051/pdfft?md5=c865cd974ab058b40d837d05db2fd930&pid=1-s2.0-S0022103123001051-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71516678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotion tracking (vs. reporting) increases the persistence of positive (vs. negative) emotions 情绪跟踪（相对于报告）增加了积极（相对于消极）情绪的持久性

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104556

Reihane Boghrati , Marissa A. Sharif , Siavash Yousefi , Arsalan Heydarian

引用次数: 0

Algorithmic management diminishes status: An unintended consequence of using machines to perform social roles 算法管理降低了地位：使用机器扮演社会角色的意外后果

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104553

Arthur S. Jago , Roshni Raveendhran , Nathanael Fast , Jonathan Gratch

{"title":"Algorithmic management diminishes status: An unintended consequence of using machines to perform social roles","authors":"Arthur S. Jago , Roshni Raveendhran , Nathanael Fast , Jonathan Gratch","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As artificial intelligence (AI) proliferates throughout society, it brings the potential to reshape how people perceive social roles and relationships. Across five preregistered<span> studies, we investigated how AI-based algorithmic management influences perceptions and forecasts of social status. We found that people believe algorithmic management, compared to prototypical human management, leads to lower status in the eyes of others (Study 1). Moreover, forecasts of lower status mediated people's anticipated negative emotions when assessing remote jobs that were framed as primarily algorithmically managed (Study 2). Further, we found that people infer lower status given algorithmic management because they believe it signals that job tasks lack complexity, both when evaluating themselves or others (Studies 3 and 4). Finally, using OpenAI's natural language processing algorithm (GPT-3), we created an actual managerial algorithm and found that the lowered status inferences persist when people are managed by an algorithm that provides instructions, feedback, and monetary incentives (Study 5). We discuss theoretical implications for research on status, hierarchy, and the psychology of technology.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71506589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The “Happy Face Killer” in the eyes of the beholder: Relational encoding of facial emotions in context influences trustworthiness attributions 旁观者眼中的“笑脸杀手”：语境中面部情绪的关系编码影响可信度归因

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104517

Simone Mattavelli, Gaia Carlotta Fiamberti, Matteo Masi, Marco Brambilla

引用次数: 0

You versus we: How pronoun use shapes perceptions of receptiveness 你与我们：代词的使用如何塑造接受能力

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104555

Mohamed A. Hussein, Zakary L. Tormala

{"title":"You versus we: How pronoun use shapes perceptions of receptiveness","authors":"Mohamed A. Hussein, Zakary L. Tormala","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In response to increasing societal divisions, an extensive literature has emerged examining the construct of receptiveness. This literature suggests that signaling receptiveness to others confers a variety of interpersonal benefits, such as increased persuasiveness. How do people signal their receptiveness to others? The current research investigates whether one of the most fundamental aspects of language—pronoun use—could shape perceptions of receptiveness. We find that in adversarial contexts, messages containing second-person pronouns (“you” pronouns) are perceived as less receptive than messages containing first-person plural pronouns (“we” pronouns). We demonstrate that “you” pronouns signal aggressiveness, which reduces perceived receptiveness. Moreover, we document that perceived receptiveness influences important downstream consequences such as persuasion, interest in future interaction, sharing intentions, and censorship likelihood. These findings contribute to a fast-growing literature on perceived receptiveness, uncover novel consequences of signaling receptiveness, and contribute to our understanding of how pronouns shape social perception.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71506596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"It's not an overreaction": Increasing White people's acceptance of the reality of bias and receptivity to Black people's bias concerns “这不是过度反应”：提高白人对偏见现实的接受度，并接受黑人的偏见担忧

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104545

Emily L. Dix , Patricia G. Devine

{"title":"\"It's not an overreaction\": Increasing White people's acceptance of the reality of bias and receptivity to Black people's bias concerns","authors":"Emily L. Dix , Patricia G. Devine","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many White people deny that racial bias is pervasive and suggest that Black people who confront bias are oversensitive. We propose that White people will be more likely to accept the reality of ongoing bias and become receptive to Black people's concerns about this bias if they: (1) understand the cumulative burden of racial bias and (2) recognize that White people's perspective on the frequency and impact of bias is limited. In four longitudinal experiments, we randomly assigned White participants to read a research-based article that communicated these concepts (reality of bias article) or a control article; approximately two weeks later, in ostensibly unrelated studies, we assessed their receptivity to Black people's bias concerns. At Time 2, those who had previously read the reality of bias (vs. control) article were more likely to validate a Black confronter's concern about bias (Study 1), less likely to perceive that Black people generally overreact to bias (Study 2), and more likely to defend Black people's bias concerns when a peer argued that Black people overreact to bias (Studies 2–4). Study 4 tested the independent effect of each concept – cumulative burden and limited perspective – and found that both are needed to create enduring increases in receptivity. An internal meta-analysis indicates that these findings are robust. Learning about cumulative burden and limited perspective increased White people's recognition of ongoing racial bias and validation of Black people's bias concerns in an independent context encountered later. We discuss implications for developing interventions to foster receptivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71506594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

US cisgender women's psychological responses to physical femininity threats: Increased anxiety, reduced self-esteem 美国顺性别女性对身体女性气质威胁的心理反应：焦虑加剧，自尊下降

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104547

Natalie M. Wittlin , Marianne LaFrance, John F. Dovidio, Jennifer A. Richeson

{"title":"US cisgender women's psychological responses to physical femininity threats: Increased anxiety, reduced self-esteem","authors":"Natalie M. Wittlin , Marianne LaFrance, John F. Dovidio, Jennifer A. Richeson","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research has suggested that women, unlike men, do not experience increased anxiety in response to gender stereotypicality threats. That research, however, has not considered the domain of gender stereotypes in which women might be most invested: physical appearance. The present work examines US cisgender women's responses to (bogus) feedback about the femininity of their appearance, which allegedly came from an algorithmic analysis of a photograph or video of their face. Across four experiments (<em>N</em> = 2494), women experienced more anxiety (Studies 1a, 1c, and 2) and lower self-esteem (Studies 1c and 2) in response to feedback indicating that their appearance was less feminine than average (i.e., threats) than feedback indicating that their appearance was more feminine than average (i.e., affirmations). Feedback on the femininity of women's appearance, but not personality (Study 2), had an effect on anxiety and self-esteem even when physical attractiveness was affirmed (in the case of anxiety; Study 1a) and when controlling for self-perceived physical attractiveness (in the case of anxiety and self-esteem; Studies 1a, 1c, and 2). Cisgender men, unlike women, experienced increased anxiety—but not reduced self-esteem—in response to masculinity threats across the domains of appearance and personality, though this effect was stronger for appearance (Study 2). A discrepancy between the bogus feedback one received and beliefs about oneself mediated the effects of feedback on anxiety and self-esteem, for women, and on anxiety, for men (Study 2). These results highlight the need to center physical appearance in research on gender stereotyping and its consequences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50178184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

This will not change us: Leader's use of continuity rhetoric to promote collective change 这不会改变我们：领导人使用连续性修辞来促进集体变革

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104550

Lily Syfers , David E. Rast III , Amber M. Gaffney

{"title":"This will not change us: Leader's use of continuity rhetoric to promote collective change","authors":"Lily Syfers , David E. Rast III , Amber M. Gaffney","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although leaders are frequently tasked with initiating and implementing social and organizational change, facilitating widespread support for change initiatives is often challenging. One source of change resistance stems from perceptions that the change will fundamentally alter the authentic group identity. Leaders who are deemed legitimate representations of the group identity (i.e., group prototypical) are trusted to protect the “true” group identity and tend to be more successful change leaders than leaders who are perceived to be poor representations of the group identity (i.e., non-prototypical). Three experiments (total <em>N</em> = 989) tested the proposition that non-prototypical leaders can use rhetoric that promotes collective identity continuity to increase self-uncertain group members' support for change initiatives. Across two experiments, self-uncertain participants were more supportive of change initiatives proposed by a non-prototypical leader who used rhetoric emphasizing continuity of, rather than change to, the authentic group identity. In the third experiment, support for the hypotheses was only found after exploratory analyses excluded 27% of the sample. Thus, this work indicates that non-prototypical leaders who use continuity rhetoric may be able to leverage their group members’ uncertainty during change initiatives to improve their group’s support for the change. However, future work is needed to examine the strength and generalizability of these findings across different organizational contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50178182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No evidence that priming analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories: A Registered Report of high-powered direct replications of Study 2 and Study 4 from Swami, Voracek, Stieger, Tran, and Furnham (2014) 没有证据表明启动分析思维会降低对阴谋论的信心：Swami、Voracek、Stieger、Tran和Furnham对研究2和研究4的高功率直接复制的注册报告（2014）

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104549

Bojana Većkalov , Vukašin Gligorić , Marija B. Petrović

{"title":"No evidence that priming analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories: A Registered Report of high-powered direct replications of Study 2 and Study 4 from Swami, Voracek, Stieger, Tran, and Furnham (2014)","authors":"Bojana Većkalov , Vukašin Gligorić , Marija B. Petrović","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analytic thinking is reliably associated with lower belief in conspiracy theories. However, evidence for whether increasing analytic thinking can reduce belief in conspiracies is sparse. As an exception to this, <span>Swami et al. (2014)</span> showed that priming analytical thinking through a verbal fluency task (i.e., scrambled sentence task) or a processing fluency manipulation (i.e., difficult-to-read fonts) reduced belief in conspiracy theories. To probe the robustness of these effects, in this Registered Report, we present two highly powered (i.e., 95%) direct replications of two of the original studies (i.e., Studies 2 and 4). We found no evidence that priming analytic thinking through the scrambled sentence task (<em>N</em> = 302), nor the difficult-to-read fonts (<em>N</em> = 488) elicited more analytic thinking, nor reduced belief in conspiracy theories. This work highlights the need for further research to identify effective ways of inducing analytic thinking in order to gauge its potential causal impact on belief in conspiracies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50178183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The invisible hand as an intuitive sociological explanation 看不见的手作为一种直观的社会学解释

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104546

Izabelė Jonušaitė , Tomer D. Ullman

{"title":"The invisible hand as an intuitive sociological explanation","authors":"Izabelė Jonušaitė , Tomer D. Ullman","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An invisible-hand explanation explains a situation as the outcome of individual actions, without individuals intending the situation. Invisible-hand explanations have been used for decades to account for all kinds of phenomena, from segregation to traffic norms. But, they have not been studied cognitively and empirically as an intuitive explanation type. We propose and show that US-based adults intuitively prefer invisible-hand over intentional-design explanations. We first validate pairs of explanations as equally likely to cause a social phenomenon (Exp 1). We then show that given that social phenomenon, participants prefer an invisible-hand to an intentional-design explanation, and that the preference for invisible-hand explanations is also negatively linked to conspiratorial beliefs. (Exp 2). We find that when participants are asked to come up with explanations themselves, they are equally fast to come up with invisible-hand or intentional-design explanations (Exp 3), but that both they and other participants prefer the participant-generated invisible hand explanations (Exp 3 and 4). We conclude that US-based adults likely have a prior preference for invisible-hand explanations for social phenomena.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50178185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0