Journal of Experimental Social Psychology最新文献_第4页

Scientific identity and STEMM-relevant outcomes: Elaboration moderates use of identity-certainty 科学认同与 STEMM 相关成果：阐述对身份确定性使用的调节作用

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104663

Lorena Moreno , Pablo Briñol , Borja Paredes , Richard E. Petty

{"title":"Scientific identity and STEMM-relevant outcomes: Elaboration moderates use of identity-certainty","authors":"Lorena Moreno , Pablo Briñol , Borja Paredes , Richard E. Petty","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigates the link between scientific identity and STEMM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine)-related outcomes as a function of identity certainty. Across a pilot study and three additional studies, participants' scientific identity was first measured using different procedures. Then, the certainty with which that identity was held was either measured (pilot study and Studies 1 & 2) or manipulated (Study 3). Both subjective outcomes (e.g., interest and career decisions in the pilot study and Study 2) and objective consequences (e.g., performance in Studies 1 and 3) served as dependent variables. As expected, results showed that participants' scientific identity was more strongly associated with STEMM-relevant outcomes as certainty in that identity increased. Beyond predicting when and for whom scientific identity is more likely to guide career decisions and performance, this research showed that reliance on identity certainty (a metacognitive assessment) is more likely to occur as the extent of thinking is increased. By inducing elaboration after certainty was already manipulated (Study 3), this research distinguishes between forming a metacognitive judgment of certainty and subsequently using that already existing certainty.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 104663"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103124000763/pdfft?md5=4ab3f786383215b8f38a008214131823&pid=1-s2.0-S0022103124000763-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141892112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Choosing not to see: Visual inattention as a method of information avoidance 选择不看：视觉注意力不集中是一种回避信息的方法

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104661

Caroline Kjær Børsting , Aleksandr Batuev , Shaul Shalvi , Jacob Lund Orquin

{"title":"Choosing not to see: Visual inattention as a method of information avoidance","authors":"Caroline Kjær Børsting , Aleksandr Batuev , Shaul Shalvi , Jacob Lund Orquin","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>People rely on a number of methods to avoid information that would compel them to change their beliefs or behaviors. However, it remains unclear whether people use visual inattention as a method of information avoidance. In three eye-tracking experiments, we test the hypothesis that people avoid visual information by strategically suppressing and facilitating visual attention depending on where desired and avoided information is likely to appear. Introducing a novel search task, we independently manipulate the probability of where desired and avoided information appear on the screen. Study 1 show that participants learn statistical regularities in information location and utilize this to gradually suppress attention to undesired information. Study 2 and 3 show that participants can simultaneously reduce and increase visual attention to areas where avoided and desired information are most likely to appear. The findings point to suppression of attention as a mechanism behind information avoidance through visual inattention and that reducing the predictability of where information appears could be a fruitful avenue for reducing it.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 104661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141638916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Giving more or taking more? The dual effect of self-esteem on cooperative behavior in social dilemmas 付出更多还是索取更多？自尊对社会困境中合作行为的双重影响

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104660

Qingzhou Sun, Jingru Huang, Chengming Jiang, Bao Wu, Xiaofen Yu

{"title":"Giving more or taking more? The dual effect of self-esteem on cooperative behavior in social dilemmas","authors":"Qingzhou Sun, Jingru Huang, Chengming Jiang, Bao Wu, Xiaofen Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How does self-esteem influence cooperative behavior in the face of social dilemmas? The findings of previous studies are inconsistent and ignore the distinction between giving and taking dilemmas. This study examined the relationship between self-esteem and cooperative behavior in giving and taking dilemmas. The results revealed that self-esteem positively predicted cooperative behavior in giving dilemmas but negatively predicted cooperative behavior in taking dilemmas (Study 1). This can be attributed to differential account attention and pathways to perceived competence. In the giving dilemma, individuals paid more attention to the public account and perceived giving more as more competent, whereas in the taking dilemma, individuals paid more attention to personal accounts and perceived taking more as more competent (Study 2). Changing account attention (by framing the giving-some, keeping-some, leaving-some, and taking-some dilemmas; Study 3) and the pathways to perceived competence (by associating contributing to the public interest with competence versus pursuing a personal interest with competence; Study 4) influenced the effect of self-esteem on cooperative behavior between the two dilemmas. These findings have implications for reconciling previous inconsistencies and understanding the mechanisms underlying the dual effect of self-esteem on cooperation; they also provide references for cooperative nudges for individuals with differing degrees of self-esteem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 104660"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141624025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Face masks facilitate discrimination of genuine and fake smiles – But people believe the opposite 面罩有助于辨别真假微笑--但人们的看法恰恰相反

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104658

Haotian Zhou , Meiying Wang , Yu Yang , Elizabeth A. Majka

引用次数: 0

Gossip, power, and advice: Gossipers are conferred less expert power 流言、权力和建议：闲聊者被赋予的专家权力较少

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104655

Alexis D. Gordon, Maurice E. Schweitzer

引用次数: 0

Group-bounded indirect reciprocity and intergroup gossip 有群体限制的间接互惠和群体间闲话

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104657

Hirotaka Imada , Nobuhiro Mifune , Hannah Zibell

{"title":"Group-bounded indirect reciprocity and intergroup gossip","authors":"Hirotaka Imada , Nobuhiro Mifune , Hannah Zibell","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gossip, the exchange of information about absent others, is ingrained in the system of indirect reciprocity, in which participating members selectively interact and cooperate with others with a good reputation. Previous psychological theorizing suggests that indirect reciprocity is perceived to be bounded by group membership. We aimed to examine whether the group-bounded indirect reciprocity perspective explains intergroup gossip. We thus explored how group membership shapes the expectations about how gossip is used and willingness to gossip within and across group boundaries. We conducted three studies (total <em>N</em> = 986) and re-analyzed a published dataset (<em>N</em> = 690) and comprehensively investigated how willing people expect others to be to engage in within- and between-group gossip as well as how willing they themselves are to engage in both types of gossip, in minimal and university contexts. We found that consistent with the group-bounded indirect reciprocity perspective, people expected within group gossip to be more likely than intergroup gossip. In addition, in the minimal group context, we found that people were, in general, more willing to gossip towards in-group members rather than out-group members. However, in the university context, they were more willing to gossip about in-group and out-group members towards out-group and in-group members, respectively, suggesting that people may utilize intergroup gossip for strategic reasons. Our research was the first to experimentally elucidate the role of group membership in shaping expectations about gossip and willingness to gossip, and offers a promising starting point for future work on intergroup gossip and indirect reciprocity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 104657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103124000702/pdfft?md5=e5dce44e795e37bc4b930dd32270a241&pid=1-s2.0-S0022103124000702-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141464136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Whispered words and organizational dynamics: The nuanced evaluation of gossipers' personality and its effect on workplace advice seeking 悄悄话与组织动态：对闲言碎语者性格的细微评价及其对职场建议寻求的影响

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104643

Lijun (Shirley) Zhang , Nahid Ibrahim , Shankha Basu

{"title":"Whispered words and organizational dynamics: The nuanced evaluation of gossipers' personality and its effect on workplace advice seeking","authors":"Lijun (Shirley) Zhang , Nahid Ibrahim , Shankha Basu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prior research has extensively studied workplace group dynamics within the gossip triad (i.e., sender, receiver, and target). This research shifts the focus to third-party observers outside the gossip triad, examining how they evaluate gossipers and non-gossipers, and whom they turn to for advice. Across five pre-registered experiments (<em>N</em> = 1400), the present work builds on an integrative definition of gossip and provides a functionalist account of observers' nuanced evaluation of gossipers' personality from a global perspective. Observers perceive gossipers as less moral and competent, but more sociable, than non-gossipers (Experiment 1). Consequently, observers are less likely to seek advice from gossipers (vs. non-gossipers) for tasks requiring high morality (e.g., enforcing ethical conduct; Experiment 2a) and high competence (e.g., managing excess inventory; Experiment 2b), yet more likely to do so for tasks requiring high sociability (e.g., organizing a welcome lunch; Experiment 2c). A moderation-of-process approach shows that incidental cues signaling morality, competence, and sociability influence observers' evaluations of and advice-seeking from gossipers (versus non-gossipers) on relevant tasks (Experiments 2a–2c). These findings remain robust in an incentive-compatible setting (Experiment 3). This research advances our understanding of observers' evaluation of gossipers and its implications for workplace advice seeking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 104643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103124000568/pdfft?md5=cc67b4fcb63d6b817b3fdb61cbd06951&pid=1-s2.0-S0022103124000568-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

System justification makes income gaps appear smaller 系统理由使收入差距看起来较小

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104646

Daniela Goya-Tocchetto , Aaron C. Kay , B. Keith Payne

{"title":"System justification makes income gaps appear smaller","authors":"Daniela Goya-Tocchetto , Aaron C. Kay , B. Keith Payne","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>People tend to underestimate how much income inequality exists. Much research has attributed this widespread underestimation to differential access to information, variance in exposure to inequality, or motivated attention to different aspects of inequality. In our research, we suggest that the motivation to believe that the current socioeconomic system is fair and legitimate (i.e., system justification) can shape how much inequality people see in the first place, leading them to perceive otherwise identical income gaps as smaller in magnitude. Across eight studies (<em>N</em> = 4113, including a pre-registered sample representative of the U.S. population on key benchmarks), we provide correlational and experimental evidence for a causal association between system justification and perceptions of the magnitude of income gaps. We examine the mediating role of fairness judgments and test this mechanism against other mediators. We also manipulate system justification mindset to test for its causal effect on perceptions of the magnitude of identical income gaps. We contrast the predictive ability of system justification with that of a related motive—social dominance orientation, showing preliminary evidence that system justification is a better predictor of how much inequality people perceive in contexts that <em>do not</em> overlay the economic inequality with intergroup inequality (e.g., racial inequality). Finally, across three of these studies, we assess policy related downstream consequences of the effect of system justification on perceived magnitude of inequality, providing evidence that this effect uniquely contributes to decreased support for redistributive policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 104646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A trust inoculation to protect public support of governmentally mandated actions to mitigate climate change 接种信任疫苗，保护公众对政府授权的减缓气候变化行动的支持

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104656

Tobia Spampatti , Tobias Brosch , Evelina Trutnevyte , Ulf J.J. Hahnel

{"title":"A trust inoculation to protect public support of governmentally mandated actions to mitigate climate change","authors":"Tobia Spampatti , Tobias Brosch , Evelina Trutnevyte , Ulf J.J. Hahnel","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a world barreling down into a worsening climate crisis, negative persuasive attacks to necessary climate policies are major threats to the public's support of governmental mandates to mitigate climate change. To protect against such attacks, here we introduce and investigate the effect and the treatment heterogeneity of the trust inoculation, a psychological inoculation strategy designed around the influence of trust as a key social dimension of persuasion. Across three preregistered studies, in one Swiss state (<em>N =</em> 389), in seven European countries (<em>N =</em> 2805), and in the United States (<em>N =</em> 3586), and in a mega-analysis (<em>N</em> = 6697), we provide evidence that inoculating citizens with the trustworthiness of key energy stakeholders protects citizens' support for renewable energy against multiple negative persuasive attacks (δ = 0.16). Whereas baseline trust in key energy stakeholders did not moderate the effects, the trust inoculation selectively protected the citizens most susceptible to negative persuasive attacks, i.e., participants with high biospheric values. Study 3 showed that the trust inoculation, rather than a simple trust message, is responsible for the protection from incoming persuasive attacks. Our findings demonstrate that the trust inoculation may serve as an easily implementable, and scalable umbrella strategy to engender a modest but significant protection for governmental mandates against multiple negative persuasive attacks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 104656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103124000696/pdfft?md5=19a673136dcc3d492d9296749e21bae2&pid=1-s2.0-S0022103124000696-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who's leading whom? Mutual influences in moral decision-making between leaders and subordinates over time and the role of self-interest 谁在领导谁？领导者和下属在道德决策中的长期相互影响以及自身利益的作用

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104645

Simon Tobias Karg , Christian Truelsen Elbæk , Panagiotis Mitkidis

{"title":"Who's leading whom? Mutual influences in moral decision-making between leaders and subordinates over time and the role of self-interest","authors":"Simon Tobias Karg , Christian Truelsen Elbæk , Panagiotis Mitkidis","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ethical behavior within groups is shaped by various situational and social factors, including hierarchy and power asymmetries. We present three preregistered studies (<em>N</em><sub><em>total</em></sub> = 1253) examining the social dynamics that affect ethical decision-making in hierarchical dyads, employing two novel collaborative cheating tasks. In the first two studies, we find evidence that individuals mutually influenced each other's honesty across repeated interactions, even though they had different power over the outcomes. In addition, the degree and direction of these influences were moderated by the ethical make-up of these dyads. Moreover, there were congruency effects for character judgments, wherein dyads engaging in collaborative cheating behaviors tended to evaluate each other positively, particularly in terms of competence and closeness. In a third study, manipulating whether ignoring cheating is beneficial to an observer or not, we find that observers were less inclined to verify (vs. rely on) potentially dishonest reports when they themselves benefitted from dishonest reporting. In addition, individuals benefiting from dishonest behavior formed close bonds with them, evaluating them positively and contributing more money in a subsequent public goods game. This research illuminates the intricate interplay of social dynamics, ethical orientations, and motivations in hierarchical relationships, offering insights for understanding and managing ethical decision-making in various contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 104645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103124000581/pdfft?md5=96272ad98d676a8493f12556c5928935&pid=1-s2.0-S0022103124000581-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141422940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0