Journal of Experimental Social Psychology最新文献_第4页

Love is in the soul, math is in the brain: Dualist intuitions and belief in psychological science 爱在灵魂中，数学在大脑中：二元论直觉与心理科学的信仰

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104845

Francisco Cruz, André Mata

{"title":"Love is in the soul, math is in the brain: Dualist intuitions and belief in psychological science","authors":"Francisco Cruz, André Mata","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research we explore why people have dualist beliefs about certain psychological phenomena (associating them with the soul or spirit rather than the brain), and the consequences of those beliefs for people's lay conceptions of what science can and cannot explain about how the mind works. We also explore whether dualist beliefs are intuitive and corrected upon reflection or rather held explicitly. We found that the first-person subjective experience (FPSE) of psychological phenomena predicts the extent to which individuals hold dualist beliefs about them (attributing those phenomena more to the soul/spirit and less to the brain). Our results further suggest that individuals are intuitive dualists, expressing different beliefs when making fast vs. slow judgments about the source of psychological phenomena that are associated with a strong FPSE (e.g., falling in love), with fast judgments leaning more towards the soul/spirit and slow judgments towards the brain. This dissociation is not observed for phenomena that do not elicit a FPSE (e.g., reading a map). Finally, this intuitive dualism has consequences for people's beliefs about science: Phenomena thought to be anchored on a material basis (i.e., the brain) are believed to be more explainable through science than those that are not (an effect supported by both correlational and experimental evidence).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How diversity and disadvantage frames shape employee reactions to affirmative action: Social identity threat, stereotype threat, and fairness perceptions 多样性和劣势框架如何影响员工对平权行动的反应：社会身份威胁、刻板印象威胁和公平感知

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104831

Samantha M. Greig, Courtney von Hippel, Tyler Okimoto

{"title":"How diversity and disadvantage frames shape employee reactions to affirmative action: Social identity threat, stereotype threat, and fairness perceptions","authors":"Samantha M. Greig, Courtney von Hippel, Tyler Okimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many organizations invest in affirmative action strategies to address gender disparities in their workforce, aiming to enhance women's representation and advancement. Despite their potential benefits, research suggests these initiatives can encounter resistance due to perceptions of unfairness and stereotype-based assumptions that women have advanced due to preferential treatment rather than merit. This study examines whether gender-based affirmative action is more effectively justified by emphasizing organizational diversity or by highlighting the systemic disadvantages women face. Specifically, it investigates whether a disadvantage-based frame enhances perceptions of fairness and elicits positive responses; or instead triggers social identity threat and stereotype threat, prompting more negative responses. Using data from Australian employees, responses are analyzed through the lenses of social identity threat, stereotype threat, and fairness perceptions as explanatory mechanisms for outcomes including resentment toward affirmative action, self-efficacy in career progression, and policy support. Understanding how both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respond to affirmative action is crucial for optimizing the effectiveness of these programs and improving career outcomes for women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of awe on self-transcendence: A registered report study 敬畏对自我超越的影响：一项注册报告研究

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104839

Chenxiao Zhao, Marret K. Noordewier, Michiel van Elk

{"title":"Effects of awe on self-transcendence: A registered report study","authors":"Chenxiao Zhao, Marret K. Noordewier, Michiel van Elk","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Awe is typically elicited in response to perceptually vast stimuli and is often characterized by a reduced focus on the self and feeling small and insignificant. One key effect of awe is that it induces “self-transcendent experiences” (STEs), which involve two components: connectedness and self-loss. It is, however, not clear yet what determines whether the connectedness or self-loss component of STEs is most likely to occur in response to awe. Recently, awe has been classified into positive-awe and threatening-awe—depending on the type of elicitor, and we suggest that these different types of awe determine the relative strength of connectedness or self-loss. The current registered report presents two studies that investigated the effects of positive-awe and threatening-awe on connectedness and self-loss by inducing awe via (1) asking participants to recall and write about “positive-awe” or “threatening-awe” experiences (Experiment 1) and (2) presenting participants with a positive-awe or a threatening-awe inducing video (Experiment 2), with a neutral state as control condition in both experiments. We found that positive-awe resulted in stronger connectedness than threatening-awe, and both types of awe resulted in stronger connectedness compared to the neutral condition. In addition, we found that both types of awe resulted in stronger self-loss than the neutral condition. However, using a novel scale to distinguish between positive and negative self-loss, we did not find differences between positive-awe and threatening-awe on both positive and negative self-loss. The proposed studies lead to a better understanding of positive- and threatening-awe and their relation to self-transcendent experiences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104839"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Which group should I join? Competition drives group selection away from like-minded others 我应该加入哪个组？竞争使群体选择远离志同道合的人

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104841

Samantha N. Smith , Sophia L. Pink , Erika L. Kirgios , Edward H. Chang , Katherine L. Milkman

{"title":"Which group should I join? Competition drives group selection away from like-minded others","authors":"Samantha N. Smith , Sophia L. Pink , Erika L. Kirgios , Edward H. Chang , Katherine L. Milkman","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People naturally seek group memberships that support their need for belonging and desire to interact with like-minded others (e.g., those with similar affiliations, such as political parties, preferred sports teams, or academic disciplines). However, we theorize and show that people may be more willing to forgo such homophily in the face of competition. We propose this pattern arises because of the belief that having a distinctive identity will yield two strategic advantages: (1) it will render a person's ideas and contributions more unique, improving their performance relative to the group; and (2) it will leave evaluators with no clear comparison standard, allowing the person in question to stand out from their group. Across four pre-registered studies (<em>N</em> = 3200), including a correlational field study of full-time workers and three experiments involving both real and hypothetical group choices, we show that competition increases people's willingness to opt into groups without like-minded others (e.g., becoming the only Democrat among Republicans) and find evidence consistent with our two proposed mechanisms. This research sheds new light on when and why competitive environments systematically shape our strategic thinking and affiliative choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145396695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ostracism and opinion extremization 排斥和意见极端化

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104843

Emma Halfmann , Christoph Kenntemich , Selma C. Rudert , Jan A. Häusser

{"title":"Ostracism and opinion extremization","authors":"Emma Halfmann , Christoph Kenntemich , Selma C. Rudert , Jan A. Häusser","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Targets of ostracism are motivated to reconnect with others socially. One strategy to reconnect with others could be to adopt prevailing opinions in a group. Yet, as opinions held by groups are often perceived as more extreme than opinions held by individuals, targets of ostracism could over-adjust, resulting in opinion extremization. Here, we aim to investigate whether ostracism increases opinion extremization in a group context in targets of ostracism. In two studies, we used an Ostracism Online paradigm (pilot study, <em>N</em> = 144) and an essay task (preregistered main study, <em>N</em> = 286) to manipulate the inclusionary status (ostracism vs. neutral) before participants took part in a simulated group chat. The strength of opinion of the participants was measured pre- and post-discussion. Our prediction that the strength of opinion will show a greater increase post-discussion (vs. pre-discussion) in the ostracism condition (vs. neutral) (<span><span>Hypothesis 1</span></span>) was not confirmed. Also, there was no indirect effect via decreased need-fulfillment in the needs of the inclusionary cluster (<span><span>Hypothesis 2</span></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104843"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145447554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dosage of deception: How frequency and type influence trust evaluations 欺骗的剂量：频率和类型如何影响信任评估

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104823

T. Bradford Bitterly

{"title":"The dosage of deception: How frequency and type influence trust evaluations","authors":"T. Bradford Bitterly","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leading negotiation scholars have recommended that individuals never lie to their counterpart. This advice is based on negotiations research that has examined the interpersonal costs of deception through studies where a target is categorized as being deceptive or honest without consideration of the relative frequency of the deception. For example, prior work has broadly categorized individuals who lie once in a single-issue negotiation and individuals who lie once in a five-issue negotiation as liars. Consequently, it is hard to disentangle how many of the theoretical and prescriptive claims pertain to using deception sparingly, frequently, or only being deceptive. Across five preregistered studies (<em>N</em> = 4003), I examine contexts where individuals negotiate over multiple issues and disentangle the effects of being sparingly, mostly, or exclusively deceptive. Examining diverse deception strategies (e.g., lies by commission, dodging, paltering, deflection), I find that the economic and interpersonal consequences of deception are significantly different depending on the relative frequency with which individuals use it, underscoring the need to not only understand the effects of deception, but also the dosage. Although individuals punish deception, they also reward honesty, and are forgiving of counterparts who use deception sparingly. Combined, these findings deepen our understanding of deception and trust and advance our theoretical and prescriptive understanding of negotiations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104823"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Refusing to forgive can have psychological benefits 拒绝原谅可以带来心理上的好处

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104848

Blake Quinney , Elena Zubielevitch , Tyler G. Okimoto

{"title":"Refusing to forgive can have psychological benefits","authors":"Blake Quinney , Elena Zubielevitch , Tyler G. Okimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offering forgiveness can confer benefits to victims in terms of enhanced sense of self. In the present research, we argue that refusing to forgive may also promote psychological benefits. Across three studies, a recall design (<em>N</em> = 300), an experiment (<em>N</em> = 327), and its pre-registered replication (<em>N</em> = 296), we examined the potential psychological benefits of refusing forgiveness and offering forgiveness compared to inaction. We found that refusing forgiveness (vs. inaction) resulted in greater feelings of power (n.s. Study 1), greater value integrity, and mediated by these, refusing to forgive increased state self-esteem. We also found that offering forgiveness (vs. inaction) resulted in greater feelings of power (n.s. Studies 1 and 2), greater value integrity, and greater state self-esteem. These findings demonstrate that while offering and refusing to forgive may be opposing responses to transgressions, both actions can provide psychological benefits for victims. This research offers support to victims who wish to express their genuine feelings of unforgiveness because the act of refusing forgiveness can have psychological benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intentions versus outcomes: Determinants of costly third-party interventions in fairness maintenance 意图与结果：维护公平中昂贵的第三方干预的决定因素

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104838

Mei Chen , Ruqian Zhang , Yangzhuo Li , Jieqiong Liu , Xianchun Li

{"title":"Intentions versus outcomes: Determinants of costly third-party interventions in fairness maintenance","authors":"Mei Chen , Ruqian Zhang , Yangzhuo Li , Jieqiong Liu , Xianchun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Third-party punishment (TPP) and third-party compensation (TPC) are two basic forms of intervention for maintaining fairness. We investigated whether third parties base their intervention on unfair outcomes, intentions, or both through four experiments using economic games and a single-paper meta-analysis. Participants were presented with monetary allocation scenarios designed to reflect different intention-outcome integrations, and then made punishment or compensation decisions. We found that when allocators had no control over the outcome (Experiment 1), TPC was driven solely by outcome fairness. When allocators had partial control (Experiments 2a and 2b), both intention and outcome had main effects on TPC without interaction. Furthermore, when receivers believed the allocator's intention was unfair (Experiment 3), the interaction of intention and outcome significantly affected TPC: intention played a significant role only when the outcome was unfair. The influence of intention and outcome on TPC was driven by third-party moral anger towards the allocators and compassion towards the receivers. In contrast, TPP was consistently shaped by the interaction between intention and outcome across all experiments, regardless of the allocator's control and the receiver's belief. Unfair outcome intensified the intention effect on punishment compared to fair outcome. This effect was driven by third-party compassion. These findings suggest that while third parties consistently integrate both intention and outcome in punishment, their focus on either factor in compensation is influenced by the allocator's control and the receiver's belief. This deepens our understanding of how and why third-party observers engage in third-party intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feedback to video stimuli: A novel paradigm for manipulating existential isolation 对视频刺激的反馈：一种操纵存在隔离的新范式

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104837

Matthew Espinosa, Cathy R. Cox

引用次数: 0

Less “awe”-some art: How AI diminishes the empathic power of the arts 减少“敬畏”——一些艺术：人工智能如何削弱艺术的移情力量

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104840

Michael W. White, Rebecca Ponce de Leon

{"title":"Less “awe”-some art: How AI diminishes the empathic power of the arts","authors":"Michael W. White, Rebecca Ponce de Leon","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The arts are widely recognized for their profound psychological and social benefits. Although historically viewed as a uniquely human pursuit, art is increasingly created with artificial intelligence (AI). In the current work, we explore whether AI-generated art evokes the same emotional reactions and inspires the same interpersonal benefits as human-created art. Integrating appraisal theories of emotion and philosophical accounts of the arts, we propose that art believed to be AI-generated elicits less awe than human-created art, which in turn diminishes empathy. Across five preregistered studies (<em>N</em> = 1598), we find consistent support for these relationships across multiple artistic media (visual and literary) and participant samples (art museum patrons, online participants, and community members). Although art is often an effective conduit for fostering empathy, our findings reveal that AI-generated art may lack the capacity to inspire awe in the same way as human-created art, diminishing its ability to cultivate empathy. This work reveals that responses to art are shaped by beliefs about its creator, raising important questions about the emotional and social consequences of AI's growing role in creative domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0