Journal of Experimental Social Psychology最新文献_第3页

When does an extinction procedure lead to mere exposure effects and extinction of evaluative conditioning? 灭绝程序何时会导致单纯的暴露效应和评价性条件反射的灭绝？

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104715

Jasmin Richter , Jan R. Landwehr , Rolf Reber

{"title":"When does an extinction procedure lead to mere exposure effects and extinction of evaluative conditioning?","authors":"Jasmin Richter , Jan R. Landwehr , Rolf Reber","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Repeatedly presenting a neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS) together with a positive or negative stimulus (unconditioned stimulus, US) typically changes liking of the CS. An important question is whether a subsequent extinction phase where the CS is presented without the US extinguishes such evaluative conditioning (EC) effects. In this regard, it is crucial to consider that an extinction procedure involves repeated exposure to the CS that is known to influence evaluations due to exposure-induced increases in processing fluency. However, it is unclear whether exposure-induced changes in CS liking occur during extinction and hence bias observed extinction effects. In three experiments (<em>N</em><sub>Experiment1</sub> = 301, <em>N</em><sub>Experiment2</sub> = 296, <em>N</em><sub>Experiment3</sub> = 560), with pictures and words as stimuli, we observed that repeated CS-only presentations after conditioning increased CS processing fluency. Moreover, CS-only presentations also increased CS liking, but only when participants had previously evaluated stimulus fluency. When controlling for mere exposure effects on liking, we observed extinction of EC only when participants evaluated the CSs both post-conditioning and post-extinction, replicating previous findings. We outline implications for EC methodology and applied research and discuss the findings in terms of memory-based judgment processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Don't judge a book by its cover: The effect of perceived facial trustworthiness on advice following in the context of value-based decision-making 不要以貌取人：在基于价值的决策背景下，感知到的面部可信度对建议遵循的影响

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104719

Mathias Van der Biest , Sam Verschooren , Frederick Verbruggen , Marcel Brass

{"title":"Don't judge a book by its cover: The effect of perceived facial trustworthiness on advice following in the context of value-based decision-making","authors":"Mathias Van der Biest , Sam Verschooren , Frederick Verbruggen , Marcel Brass","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trustworthiness is crucial in social interactions that depend on other's information. For example, an interaction partner's trustworthiness determines whose advice we act on in learning contexts, whom we choose to invest in during economic decisions, or even whom we decide to cooperate with. However, how perceived trustworthiness influences advice following in value-based decision-making when the trustworthiness manipulation is independent of the quality of the advice remains poorly understood. In two experiments, participants played a modified version of The Door Game, selecting one out of two doors to find a reward based on advisor's advice. The advisors were computer-generated faces categorised as trustworthy or untrustworthy, with identical advice validity (66 %). In Experiment 1 (<em>N</em> = 124), participants initially followed advice from perceived trustworthy advisors more frequently, but this effect disappeared by the end of the experiment. In our preregistered replication (Experiment 2, <em>N</em> = 300), we observed a similar pattern, confirming the findings of Experiment 1. In a third preregistered experiment (<em>N</em> = 85), participants rated the trustworthiness of each face. We used these ratings as an independent variable to reanalyse the advice following rates from Experiments 1 and 2. The results were identical as with our categorical analyses. Moreover, a mediation analysis revealed that trustworthiness ratings mediated the relationship between perceived trustworthiness and advice following. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of social information such as perceived trustworthiness in value-based decision-making and its dynamic nature, which is potentially explained by changes in the decision-making strategy, or by rapid adjustments of our trust beliefs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 104719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact factor: The effect of actual impact information and perceived donation efficacy on donors' repeated donations 影响因子：实际影响信息和感知捐赠效能对捐赠者重复捐赠的影响

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104720

Liat Levontin , Zohar Gilad , Elizabeth Durango-Cohen , Pablo Durango-Cohen

引用次数: 0

Empathic listening satisfies speakers' psychological needs and well-being, but doesn't directly deepen solitude experiences: A registered report 一份注册报告：移情倾听满足了说话者的心理需求和幸福感，但不会直接加深孤独体验

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104716

Netta Weinstein , Guy Itzchakov

{"title":"Empathic listening satisfies speakers' psychological needs and well-being, but doesn't directly deepen solitude experiences: A registered report","authors":"Netta Weinstein , Guy Itzchakov","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A live discussion experiment was designed to test the effects of highly empathic (vs. moderately empathic) listening on solitude experiences. Participants were assigned to three conditions in which they: 1) Discussed a negative personal experience with a confederate (ostensibly another participant) exhibiting highly empathic listening; 2) Discussed an experience with a confederate exhibiting moderately empathic listening; or, 3) Engaged in a positive reframing exercise. Building on previous listening theory (<span><span>Weinstein et al., 2022</span></span>) and research (<span><span>Itzchakov & Weinstein, 2021</span></span>; <span><span>Itzchakov, Weinstein, et al., 2022</span></span>). We then assessed the two posited mechanisms of autonomy and relatedness and tested the expectations to be in solitude. All participants were instructed to spend ten minutes alone, phones off, and distractions stored away. While highly empathic listening enhanced participants' (i.e. speakers) autonomy and relatedness need satisfaction compared to the other two conditions and predicted initial increases in self- and social-connection, it did not subsequently improve solitude experiences, with no direct effects found predicting self-connection, peaceful affect, loneliness, or self-insight. Indirect effects linked empathic listening to self-connection and self-insight through autonomy satisfaction. While empathic listening fosters immediate psychological need satisfaction in social contexts, deeper listening interventions may be necessary to improve subsequent solitude periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Black-and-White” thinking: Does visual contrast polarize moral judgment? Independent replications and extension of Zarkadi and Schnall’s (2013) Study 1 “非黑即白”思维：视觉对比会使道德判断两极分化吗？研究1的独立重复和扩展

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104712

Kevin Vezirian , Elisa Sarda , Laurent Bègue , Pierre-Jean Laine , Hans IJzerman

{"title":"“Black-and-White” thinking: Does visual contrast polarize moral judgment? Independent replications and extension of Zarkadi and Schnall’s (2013) Study 1","authors":"Kevin Vezirian , Elisa Sarda , Laurent Bègue , Pierre-Jean Laine , Hans IJzerman","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Does a black-and-white contrast background lead to more extreme moral judgments? Zarkadi and Schnall (2013) found in their Study 1 (<em>N</em> = 111) that, indeed, exposing English-speaking participants to a black-and-white (versus two other-colored conditions) background polarized participants' judgments in a moral dilemma task. This study supported a moral intuitionist model of moral judgment, lent further support to so-called Conceptual Metaphor Theories (Lakoff & Johnson, 1999), and provided evidence that not only the colors “black” and “white” influence our moral perception, but that the metaphorical associations with the combination of those two colors (i.e., “black-and-white thinking”, Yin-Yang) led people to have more extreme moral judgments. Due to the striking nature of this finding, yet given various factors that undermine confidence in its veracity, we have decided to re-examine the question. A first study conducted on a large French-speaking sample (<em>N</em> = 8602), and two subsequent direct replications conducted on English-speaking samples (<em>N</em> = 365 and <em>N</em> = 215), failed to reveal any influence of background color on the evaluation of a moral dilemma. Numerous exploratory and supplementary analyses, including controlling for relevant covariates associated with variations in morality (e.g., age, gender), did not account for our consistent inability to replicate the original findings. This research suggests that age may influence perceived morality, with older participants (at least in Study 1) viewing Heinz's behavior as more wrong. Overall, this research suggests that it is doubtful that the evaluation of the Heinz's dilemma can be influenced by a subtle black-and-white visual priming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104712"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ideological beliefs as cues to exploitation-exploration behavior 意识形态信仰作为剥削-探索行为的线索

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104718

Alex Koch , Ron Dotsch , Roland Imhoff , Christian Unkelbach , Hans Alves

引用次数: 0

Women underrepresented or men overrepresented? Framing influences women's affective and behavioral responses to gender gap in political leadership 女性代表不足还是男性代表过多？框架影响妇女对政治领导中的性别差距的情感和行为反应

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104709

Usman Liaquat , Madeline E. Heilman , Rachel D. Godsil , Emily Balcetis

{"title":"Women underrepresented or men overrepresented? Framing influences women's affective and behavioral responses to gender gap in political leadership","authors":"Usman Liaquat , Madeline E. Heilman , Rachel D. Godsil , Emily Balcetis","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efforts to promote women in leadership have led to some high profile successes, yet unequal representation of women and men in such positions persists. The media often portrays the gap as women's underrepresentation. We examine whether reframing this gap as men's overrepresentation elicits greater anger and increases intentions and behaviors to remediate the disparity. In a meta-analysis of three pilot experiments (Studies 1a-1c), framing the gap as men's overrepresentation in political (but not business) leadership elicits more anger at the disparity among women perceivers (but not men) and increases perceptions that the gap is unjust. Moreover, we find that anger at the disparity predicts stronger intentions and numerous behaviors to redress the inequality, such as reading more on how change the status quo (Study 1a), writing stronger letters supporting proposed legislation addressing gender disparity (Study 1b), and stronger desire to donate to gender bias reduction programs (Study 1a-1c). In a registered experiment (Study 2) we replicated these findings: men's overrepresentation framing increases women's anger at the gender gap in political leadership and mediates the association between framing and collective action supporting gender parity. We also find only weak evidence that a change in framing elicits a backlash anger response at the rhetorical framing itself. Moreover, making salient the ways in which the social climate is either hostile or sympathetic to women's causes does not moderate the framing effect. Overall, this work suggests that demographic framing influences emotional and behavioral responses to the gender gap in political leadership.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consume humanity: Eating anthropomorphic food leads to the dehumanization of others 消费人性：吃拟人化的食物会导致他人的非人化

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104710

Hairu Wu , Chenjing Wu , Jun Zhang , Yuanxin Hu , Fuqun Liang , Xianyou He

引用次数: 0

Going at it alone: Zero-sum beliefs inhibit help-seeking 单打独斗：零和信念抑制了寻求帮助

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104714

Shai Davidai

引用次数: 0

Choice availability and incentive structure determine how people cope with ostracism 选择的可得性和激励结构决定了人们如何应对排斥

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104707

Anneloes Kip, Thorsten M. Erle, Willem W.A. Sleegers, Ilja van Beest

{"title":"Choice availability and incentive structure determine how people cope with ostracism","authors":"Anneloes Kip, Thorsten M. Erle, Willem W.A. Sleegers, Ilja van Beest","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People vary greatly in their responses to being ignored and excluded by others (i.e., ostracism). Based on previous research, responses to ostracism are typically classified as prosocial, antisocial, and withdrawal behavior. However, studying these behaviors in isolation can limit our understanding of the decision-making process behind these behaviors. Offering multiple response options provides deeper insights into response preferences. Additionally, using a cost-benefit approach to assess behavioral outcomes provides a useful framework for understanding response preferences beyond the mere availability of choices. In five pre-registered experiments (total <em>N</em> = 2145), we manipulated the availability of choice options and incentive structure of different behavioral responses towards the source of ostracism. Our findings reveal that when all options were equally non-costly, ostracized individuals preferred prosocial behaviors (Studies 1–3). When withdrawal offered solitude rather than inactivity, it became just as likely as prosocial responses (Study 4). Despite the potential risk of losing future rewards, withdrawal even became the dominant choice when prosocial and antisocial options incurred immediate costs (Study 5). These findings show how experimental changes can shift the perceived meaning of responses. Overall, our work highlights the importance of considering both choice variety and a cost-benefit framework in understanding coping behaviors in social exclusion research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 104707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0