Journal of Experimental Social Psychology最新文献_第3页

A longitudinal test of the effectiveness of four interventions to reduce discrimination 对减少歧视的四种干预措施有效性的纵向检验

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104847

Eliane Roy , Anya Williamson , Jordan Axt

引用次数: 0

A (costly) penny for your thoughts? Allies cause harm by seeking marginalized group members' help when confronting prejudice 花一分钱买你的想法？同盟在面对偏见时寻求边缘群体成员的帮助，从而造成伤害

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104865

Merrick R. Osborne , Eric M. Anicich , Cydney H. Dupree

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If only I had not fallen down the rabbit hole: Counterfactual thinking reduces engagement with conspiracy theories 要是我没有掉进兔子洞就好了：反事实思维会减少对阴谋论的参与

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104849

Valentin Mang , Kevin Winter , Kai Epstude , Bob M. Fennis

{"title":"If only I had not fallen down the rabbit hole: Counterfactual thinking reduces engagement with conspiracy theories","authors":"Valentin Mang , Kevin Winter , Kai Epstude , Bob M. Fennis","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conspiracy theories harm society, so it is important to find ways to stop their spread. We provide evidence that counterfactual thinking – thinking about what might have been – may pose a promising approach to tackle conspiracy theories. Across four experimental studies (total <em>N</em> = 2487), we tested how counterfactual thinking affects conspiracy-related cognitions and consequential behaviours. We found that encouraging individuals to entertain subtractive counterfactual thoughts about the negative consequences of conspiracy beliefs makes them more likely to consider opposing viewpoints and reflect on their own stances on conspiracy theories, with small effect sizes (Cohen's <em>d</em>s = 0.12–0.23). While reading counterfactuals did not influence individuals' conspiracy beliefs per se, doing so shaped how they engaged with conspiracy theories: It reduced individuals' behavioural engagement with conspiracy theories compared to non-conspiratorial content in a selective exposure task, with small-to-medium effect sizes (Cohen's <em>d</em>s = 0.24–0.33). Participants who read counterfactual statements before a reading task selected more non-conspiracy than conspiracy articles to read, whereas those who did not read counterfactuals showed the opposite preference. Reading counterfactuals also significantly reduced the time spent reading conspiracy articles without significantly affecting the time spent reading non-conspiracy articles. We found these effects regardless of individuals' general tendency to believe in conspiracy theories (i.e., conspiracy mentality). The present studies contribute to fundamental understanding of how counterfactual thinking shapes individuals' cognitive operations and behaviour in conspiracy theory contexts. We furthermore provide practically relevant insights into the potential and limitations of counterfactual thinking in combatting conspiracy theories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 104849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding attributions to racial discrimination in diverse hiring contexts: The impact of beneficiary identity 理解不同雇佣背景下种族歧视的原因：受益人身份的影响

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104866

Laurie T. O'Brien, Yvette Bivins-Sanchez, Maria Casteigne, Caley Lowe, J'Lyn Wilson

{"title":"Understanding attributions to racial discrimination in diverse hiring contexts: The impact of beneficiary identity","authors":"Laurie T. O'Brien, Yvette Bivins-Sanchez, Maria Casteigne, Caley Lowe, J'Lyn Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the workplace, people from different racial and ethnic minority groups compete against each other for jobs. Yet research on how people interpret hiring decisions when a member of one racial or ethnic minority group is selected over a member of another is sparse to nonexistent. The present research draws on the prototype model of attributions to discrimination to investigate judgments of discrimination when a Black American candidate is rejected and another candidat<strong>e</strong> is selected instead. The relative fit hypothesis proposes that (1) events vary in how closely they match the prototype of discrimination, and (2) the closer an event matches this prototype, the more likely people are to attribute it to discrimination. Five experiments examined how the race/ethnicity of the beneficiary (the selected candidate) influences discrimination judgments. Judgments were higher when a White American was selected over a Black American than when a candidate of any other race or ethnicity was selected over a Black American. Judgments were lower when a Black American was selected over another Black American than when a candidate of any other race or ethnicity was selected over a Black American. Finally, judgments were higher when an Asian American, compared to a Latino American, was selected over a Black American. Collectively, the results suggest that the racial/ethnic identity of the beneficiary in hiring decisions has important consequences for anti-Black discrimination judgments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 104866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Taking advantage: Predictions and moral judgments of leveraging outside options in ultimatum games 利用优势：最后通牒博弈中利用外部选项的预测和道德判断

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104852

Sifana Sohail, Yarrow Dunham

{"title":"Taking advantage: Predictions and moral judgments of leveraging outside options in ultimatum games","authors":"Sifana Sohail, Yarrow Dunham","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We often rely on bargaining as a way of achieving fair outcomes, both in purely economic transactions such as negotiating a salary or buying a house, and non-economic transactions such as deciding who is responsible for doing the dishes after dinner. However, power dynamics and strategic advantages can change the outcome of bargains in unequal and inequitable ways. Prior work using the ultimatum game shows that adults expect negotiators to adjust their bargaining behavior in response to strategic advantages. The present work investigates two additional questions. First, do adults think the use of such advantages is fair? And second, how do these judgments emerge across development? Replicating past work, we find that adults (<em>N</em> = 299) expect others to use strategic advantage to secure a better deal. However, children aged 8–12 do not (<em>N</em> = 80). Moral judgments followed a similar pattern: adult participants (<em>N</em> = 297) thought that leveraging strategic advantage rendered low offers more fair, while children did not (<em>N</em> = 74). Thus, taking account of and morally justiftying the use of strategic advantage is a late-emerging social phenomenon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 104852"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145521043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generalization of rejection and acceptance in social networks 社交网络中拒绝和接受的泛化

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104834

Yi Zhang, Leor M. Hackel

{"title":"Generalization of rejection and acceptance in social networks","authors":"Yi Zhang, Leor M. Hackel","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social environments present opportunities for connection and resources, but they also involve the risk of rejection. How do people learn which individuals will reject or accept them upon entering a novel environment? Here, we propose a route to such learning: people use knowledge of relationships in social networks to infer who will be likely to accept or reject them. Previous research shows that people generalize trust from one individual to that individual's friends, yet it remains unclear whether rejection and acceptance experiences generalize in similar ways in social network contexts. We designed a novel experimental paradigm in which participants experienced rejection and acceptance within an artificial group, learned about network connections among group members, and decided which members to approach in a new task. Study 1 found that participants generalized rejection by avoiding individuals socially closer to a rejector and approaching those closer to an accepter, forming a gradient of avoidance and approach based on network distance. Study 2 further demonstrated stronger generalization when networks reflected friendship as opposed to randomly assigned ties, suggesting partner choices depend on explicit inferences about meaningful relationships rather than associative learning alone. Finally, in a longitudinal survey of student groups, Study 3 extended these findings to real-world social networks, revealing similar patterns of generalization in college student organizations. Together, our findings inform the cognitive processes that help humans successfully navigate social environments by adaptively forming new connections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Masculinity contest cultures lead to self-group distancing in women 男性竞争文化导致女性的自我群体距离

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104832

Jenny Veldman , Andrea C. Vial

{"title":"Masculinity contest cultures lead to self-group distancing in women","authors":"Jenny Veldman , Andrea C. Vial","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Past work has shown that personal experiences of gender discrimination are associated with a tendency among women to distance themselves from the gender ingroup. We propose that merely encountering workplace cultures with strong norms aligned with masculinity (i.e., a “masculinity contest culture,” or MCC) can produce a self-group distancing response. In four studies (total <em>n</em> = 3955) we demonstrate that MCCs devalue the female social identity, which undermines women's personal sense of status, leading them to self-group distance in these workplaces. In Study 1, women (not men) were more likely to conceal their gender in a workplace with strong (vs. weak) MCC and reported stronger self-group distancing. In Study 2, which included employees across industries that varied in MCCs, we found that MCC correlated with self-group distancing for women (not men), and lower personal status mediated this relationship. We further tested the causal chain in two experiments. In Study 3, participants perceived the female (vs. male) social identity as lower status in workplaces with strong (vs. weak/control) MCC, and ingroup status perceptions mediated the negative effect of MCC on personal status for women more strongly than men. In Study 4, experimentally elevating the status of the female social identity reduced the gender gap in self-group distancing via an increase in women's personal status. These findings illuminate how women's personal status in MCCs is strongly rooted in their gender ingroup status, and is a key mechanism whereby this subtle form of workplace bias triggers self-group distancing in women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Slippery slope thinking links religiosity to punishment 滑坡思维将宗教信仰与惩罚联系在一起

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104844

Rajen A. Anderson , Benjamin C. Ruisch , Maryam Kouchaki

引用次数: 0

Registered Report Stage I: Prioritizing sociability over morality: Preferring false empathic over truthful unempathic emotion communication 注册报告第一阶段：社交优先于道德：喜欢虚假的共情而不是真实的无共情情感交流

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104833

Zi Ye , Feiteng Long , Roujia Feng , Yi Zhang , Wilco W. van Dijk

{"title":"Registered Report Stage I: Prioritizing sociability over morality: Preferring false empathic over truthful unempathic emotion communication","authors":"Zi Ye , Feiteng Long , Roujia Feng , Yi Zhang , Wilco W. van Dijk","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Literature on person perception suggests the primacy of morality over sociability in interactions. While theories of emotion highlight the importance of adhering to socially acceptable display rules, a contentious debate surrounds whether individuals prioritize moral or sociable communication of emotions. We investigated how people perceive and react to others who falsely communicate empathic versus truthfully communicate unempathic emotions related to others' (mis)fortunes. Through three preregistered studies, we examined participants' perceptions (sociability and morality) and behavioral reactions (in a Dictator Game) by employing various paradigms (vignette and retrospective recall) and situations (e.g., promotion and lottery). Consistently across our studies, we found that participants perceived targets who truthfully communicated unempathic emotions as higher on morality and lower on sociability compared to those who falsely communicated empathic emotions. Moreover, Studies 2 and 3 revealed that participants formed more favorable impressions of, and were more willing to interact with, the target who falsely communicated empathic emotions, as opposed to those who truthfully communicated unempathic emotions. This preference was explained by perceived morality and sociability attributed to the targets. Building on these findings, we propose two follow-up studies aimed at replicating our results and extending them to a laboratory setting – a Gamble Game where participants will directly encounter an actual (mis)fortune, and a Dictator Game with an allegedly real interaction partner. Our expected findings indicate that falsely communicating empathic emotions is favored over truthfully communicating unempathic emotions, suggesting the primacy of sociability over morality in the context of communicating emotions related to others' (mis)fortunes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the basic six, static, and WERID: Exploring the range of emotions conveyed by facial expressions 除了基本的6个，静态的，和WERID：探索面部表情所传达的情感范围

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104836

Zhihe Pan , Hweemin Tan , Siqi Liu , Xia Fang

{"title":"Beyond the basic six, static, and WERID: Exploring the range of emotions conveyed by facial expressions","authors":"Zhihe Pan , Hweemin Tan , Siqi Liu , Xia Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the range of emotions conveyed through facial expressions has been a central focus of emotion research, yet most studies have concentrated on basic six emotions and static expressions within WEIRD populations. This research extends the scope by investigating how a wider range of emotions can be expressed through both dynamic and static facial expressions in a non-WEIRD context, specifically among Chinese individuals. In Experiment 1, we compiled a list of 536 emotion words based on previous research, from which 28 emotion words were carefully selected based on high typicality, low similarity (<em>N</em> = 61), and frequent association with facial expressions (<em>N</em> = 105). In Experiment 2, 64 Chinese participants posed facial expressions of these emotions, while an additional group of participants (<em>N</em> = 782) rated their perception of these expressions. Our findings revealed that 14 emotions were effectively conveyed through dynamic facial expressions, while 10 emotions were conveyed through static facial expressions. Notably, a dynamic advantage was observed in the recognition of 23 out of the 28 emotions, driven primarily by the dynamic features of the expressions rather than the specific facial configurations unique to dynamic expressions. These findings emphasize the importance of embracing diversity and considering a comprehensive range of dynamic facial expressions from non-WEIRD populations in future studies, ultimately advancing our understanding of emotion expression and perception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104836"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0