Journal of Experimental Social Psychology最新文献_第3页

Who's leading whom? Mutual influences in moral decision-making between leaders and subordinates over time and the role of self-interest 谁在领导谁？领导者和下属在道德决策中的长期相互影响以及自身利益的作用

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104645

Simon Tobias Karg , Christian Truelsen Elbæk , Panagiotis Mitkidis

{"title":"Who's leading whom? Mutual influences in moral decision-making between leaders and subordinates over time and the role of self-interest","authors":"Simon Tobias Karg , Christian Truelsen Elbæk , Panagiotis Mitkidis","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ethical behavior within groups is shaped by various situational and social factors, including hierarchy and power asymmetries. We present three preregistered studies (<em>N</em><sub><em>total</em></sub> = 1253) examining the social dynamics that affect ethical decision-making in hierarchical dyads, employing two novel collaborative cheating tasks. In the first two studies, we find evidence that individuals mutually influenced each other's honesty across repeated interactions, even though they had different power over the outcomes. In addition, the degree and direction of these influences were moderated by the ethical make-up of these dyads. Moreover, there were congruency effects for character judgments, wherein dyads engaging in collaborative cheating behaviors tended to evaluate each other positively, particularly in terms of competence and closeness. In a third study, manipulating whether ignoring cheating is beneficial to an observer or not, we find that observers were less inclined to verify (vs. rely on) potentially dishonest reports when they themselves benefitted from dishonest reporting. In addition, individuals benefiting from dishonest behavior formed close bonds with them, evaluating them positively and contributing more money in a subsequent public goods game. This research illuminates the intricate interplay of social dynamics, ethical orientations, and motivations in hierarchical relationships, offering insights for understanding and managing ethical decision-making in various contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103124000581/pdfft?md5=96272ad98d676a8493f12556c5928935&pid=1-s2.0-S0022103124000581-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141422940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiracials' affective, behavioral and identity-specific responses to identity denial 多种族对身份否认的情感、行为和特定身份反应

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104647

Payton A. Small

{"title":"Multiracials' affective, behavioral and identity-specific responses to identity denial","authors":"Payton A. Small","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiracial individuals commonly experience instances of identity denial, in which their racial identities are questioned, invalidated and/or rejected by others. The present research examined majority-minority Multiracials' forecasted and actual responses to identity denial experiences, specifically investigating whether the race of the denied identity (White vs racial minority) and race of the identity denial perpetrator (White vs racial minority) differentially impact the experience of identity denial. In Study 1, participants (<em>N</em> = 247) who imagined having their racial minority (vs White) identity denied forecasted stronger negative affective responses and likelihood of identity reassertion, irrespective of the racial identity of the denial perpetrator. Study 2 found participants (<em>N</em> = 85) whose racial minority identity was experimentally denied reported stronger active negative affect (e.g., anger) and were more likely to reassert their identity. Additionally, Study 2 examined three racial identity-specific processes – self-presentation, self-perception and self-identification – impacted by identity denial experiences. Multiracials whose racial minority identity was denied by a White perpetrator perceived their own racial identity, presented their racial identity to others and shifted their racial self-identification in alignment with their racially minoritized identity. The opposite pattern occurred among Multiracial individuals whose racial minority identity was denied by a racial minority perpetrator. The findings imply the specific components of an identity denial experience (race of denied identity and race of denial perpetrator) are important for predicting how Multiracials experience and respond to instances of identity denial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

You are safer with me: Presence of the self lowers risk perception for others 和我在一起更安全自我的存在降低了对他人的风险认知

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104642

Haihong Li , Yimo Yang , Tengchuan Cui , Xiaofei Xie

引用次数: 0

Smartly following others: Majority influence depends on how the majority behavior is formed 聪明地追随他人：多数人的影响力取决于多数人的行为是如何形成的

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104644

Jun Yin , Zikai Xu , Jing Lin , Wenying Zhou , Xiuyan Guo

{"title":"Smartly following others: Majority influence depends on how the majority behavior is formed","authors":"Jun Yin , Zikai Xu , Jing Lin , Wenying Zhou , Xiuyan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals tend to follow choices and behaviors that are common among others, indicating majority influence. Nevertheless, majority behaviors that appear to be consistent can be generated by different factors during the decision-making process; hence, the current study addressed whether people consider the source of majority behavior and follow the majority differently when that behavior is formed under different choice conditions. The participants were asked to select a safe exit after observing others' choices in simulated fire escape scenes, and their probability of adopting the majority choice was tested when all or some of the other persons were free or constrained to choose an exit for escaping under different sizes of majority. The results showed that people are more likely to follow the majority's choice when faced with available options than when constrained to make a common choice, and an increase in majority size leads to an increase in majority influence only when the majority behavior is formed under free choice. Importantly, when the majority behavior is generated by a computer algorithm, the majority influence is not affected by the availability of options, ruling out nonsocial differences as contributors to source-dependent majority influence. These findings indicate that people do not simply engage in any form of majority behavior at face value but rather distinguish between different types of majority behavior while following the majority. This finding highlights the fact that people account for rational factors and seek to maximize information gains when following the majority.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are conspiracy theory believers drawn to conspiratorial explanations, alternatives explanations, or both? 阴谋论的信奉者是被阴谋论的解释、替代性解释还是两者兼而有之所吸引？

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104640

Kenzo Nera , Paul Bertin , Mikey Biddlestone , Maude Tagand , Olivier Klein

{"title":"Are conspiracy theory believers drawn to conspiratorial explanations, alternatives explanations, or both?","authors":"Kenzo Nera , Paul Bertin , Mikey Biddlestone , Maude Tagand , Olivier Klein","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals differ in their general propensity to believe in conspiracy theories, often referred to as conspiracy mentality. Because prototypical conspiracy theories exhibit a conspiratorial content (i.e., they claim that a conspiracy occurred) and an alternative status (i.e., they are rejected by authorities), it is unclear if conspiracy mentality captures a general tendency to believe in conspiracies, to endorse alternative narratives, or to believe in conspiratorial alternative narratives. To adjudicate between these interpretations, we carried out three experimental studies (<em>Ns</em> = 364, 772, 629) in which we experimentally manipulated the respective statuses (endorsed by authorities vs. rejected by the authorities) of competing conspiratorial and non-conspiratorial explanations for fictitious controversial events. Overall, conspiracy mentality predicted the endorsement of conspiratorial explanations and the rejection of non-conspiratorial explanations. However, these relationships were moderated by the respective statuses of these explanations. When authorities endorsed the conspiratorial explanation and rejected the non-conspiratorial explanation, the relationships were either nullified (in Studies 1 & 3) or attenuated (in study 2). These effects were driven by participants scoring low on the conspiracy mentality measures, who reported a lower endorsement of the conspiratorial explanation when it was rejected by authorities. They also reported a stronger endorsement of the non-conspiratorial explanation when it was presented as endorsed by authorities. By contrast, conspiracy believers' endorsement of the explanations was unaffected by their status. These findings are informative of what conspiracy mentality scales capture and highlight the need to adopt more specific definitions in psychological research on conspiracy theories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141250702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Weight stigma: Do we believe that everyone can enjoy healthy behaviors? 体重成见：我们相信每个人都能享受健康的行为吗？

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104630

Peggy J. Liu , Kelly L. Haws

{"title":"Weight stigma: Do we believe that everyone can enjoy healthy behaviors?","authors":"Peggy J. Liu , Kelly L. Haws","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Weight-based stigma is prevalent, increasing, and has many negative consequences. This research examines people's beliefs about what other people with heavy versus thin body types enjoy, in terms of food and activities. Predictions of others' enjoyment are important, as they can shape various downstream judgments, including beliefs about other people's likely goal pursuit success, and recommendations and choices for others. Six pre-registered experiments compare predictions of others' enjoyment of healthy and unhealthy foods and activities, based on whether others have heavy versus thin body types. These experiments show that whereas beliefs about what people with thin body types enjoy are flexible, beliefs about what people with heavy body types enjoy are narrow and inflexible. Specifically, if people with thin body types engage in counter-stereotypical unhealthy behavior, they are perceived to enjoy such behavior as much as people with heavy body types. By contrast, even if people with heavy body types engage in counter-stereotypical healthy behavior, they are perceived not to enjoy such behavior as much as people with thin body types. The potential wide-ranging implications of the belief that heavy people have narrower ranges of potential enjoyment are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “How pledges reduce dishonesty: The role of involvement and identification” [Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 113(2024) 104614] 对 "承诺如何减少不诚实行为：参与和认同的作用》[《实验社会心理学杂志》113(2024) 104614]

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104641

Eyal Peer , Nina Mazar , Yuval Feldman , Dan Ariely

引用次数: 0

Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines: A signal detection analysis 对 COVID-19 疫苗错误信息的易感性：信号检测分析

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104632

Lea S. Nahon , Nyx L. Ng , Bertram Gawronski

{"title":"Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines: A signal detection analysis","authors":"Lea S. Nahon , Nyx L. Ng , Bertram Gawronski","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An analysis drawing on Signal Detection Theory suggests that people may fall for misinformation because they are unable to discern true from false information (<em>truth insensitivity</em>) or because they tend to accept information with a particular slant regardless of whether it is true or false (<em>belief bias</em>). Three preregistered experiments with participants from the United States and the United Kingdom (<em>N</em> = 961) revealed that (<em>i</em>) truth insensitivity in responses to (mis)information about COVID-19 vaccines differed as a function of prior attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines; (<em>ii</em>) participants exhibited a strong belief bias favoring attitude-congruent information; (<em>iii</em>) truth insensitivity and belief bias jointly predicted acceptance of false information about COVID-19 vaccines, but belief bias was a much stronger predictor; (<em>iv</em>) cognitive elaboration increased truth sensitivity without reducing belief bias; and (<em>v</em>) higher levels of confidence in one's beliefs were associated with greater belief bias. The findings provide insights into why people fall for misinformation, which is essential for individual-level interventions to reduce susceptibility to misinformation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond first impressions: Investigating the influence of visual attention and cue availability in discriminatory behavior 超越第一印象：研究视觉注意力和线索可用性对辨别行为的影响

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104628

Eliane Roy, Y. Doug Dong, A. Ross Otto, Jordan Axt

{"title":"Beyond first impressions: Investigating the influence of visual attention and cue availability in discriminatory behavior","authors":"Eliane Roy, Y. Doug Dong, A. Ross Otto, Jordan Axt","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many contexts, the magnitude of discrimination in social judgment is determined by the level of sensitivity and bias in evaluation. However, little is known about factors that shape these processes. Using a mock admissions task, we investigated how variation in the time spent processing non-diagnostic social information (e.g., a face communicating attractiveness) versus decision-relevant information (e.g., information about candidate's qualifications) differentially impacted sensitivity versus bias, using both correlational eye-tracking (Study 1) and experimental approaches (Studies 2–3). Higher sensitivity (i.e., less judgment errors) was consistently related to the amount of time participants viewed decision-relevant information. However, bias (i.e., selection leniency based on attractiveness) was unrelated to the amount of time participants chose to view or were allowed to view faces. Bias emerged when faces were shown for as little as 350 milliseconds. The ease with which social information is encoded suggests that merely limiting its' presentation is ineffective for reducing discrimination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103124000404/pdfft?md5=a609c5dc212ba6bea12ca079be1b076b&pid=1-s2.0-S0022103124000404-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141092098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endorsing both sides, pleasing neither: Ambivalent individuals face unexpected social costs in political conflicts 两边都支持，两边都不讨好：政治冲突中的矛盾个体面临意想不到的社会成本

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104631

Joseph J. Siev , Aviva Philipp-Muller , Geoffrey R.O. Durso , Duane T. Wegener

{"title":"Endorsing both sides, pleasing neither: Ambivalent individuals face unexpected social costs in political conflicts","authors":"Joseph J. Siev , Aviva Philipp-Muller , Geoffrey R.O. Durso , Duane T. Wegener","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reducing political polarization requires finding common ground among people with diverse opinions. The current research shows that people generally <em>expect</em> that expressing ambivalence about political issues—endorsing some considerations on both sides, for instance—can help them establish positive relations with others holding a wide variety of political views. However, across several policy topics—COVID-19 mask mandates, immigration, and the death penalty—we found that targets expressing a given position with more (vs. less) ambivalence were not liked more, whether perceivers agreed or disagreed with their overall position. In fact, when perceivers agreed with targets' overall positions, they judged those with more (vs. less) ambivalent attitudes as <em>less</em> likeable, warm, and competent. Although views of ambivalent targets varied across perceivers, the negative effect when targets and perceivers shared overall positions was larger and more consistent than any positive effects among opposing perceivers. This exposes a mismatch between expectation and social reality: Whereas expressing ambivalence might make intuitive sense toward bridging political divides, we found it was ironically more likely to reduce liking among allies while maintaining disliking among adversaries. These findings speak to the interpersonal dynamics of political polarization, highlighting a potential social disincentive against publicly taking nuanced positions on political issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0