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Effects of the expanded Child Tax Credit on employment outcomes 扩大儿童税收抵免对就业结果的影响
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105168
Elizabeth Ananat , Benjamin Glasner , Christal Hamilton , Zachary Parolin , Clemente Pignatti
{"title":"Effects of the expanded Child Tax Credit on employment outcomes","authors":"Elizabeth Ananat ,&nbsp;Benjamin Glasner ,&nbsp;Christal Hamilton ,&nbsp;Zachary Parolin ,&nbsp;Clemente Pignatti","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The temporary 2021 expansion of the Child Tax Credit (CTC) was intended to reduce child poverty during the COVID-19 pandemic. The expansion’s elimination of an existing phase-in with earnings, however, potentially disincentivized labor supply, raising concerns that it would reduce parent employment. We empirically test for employment effects using difference-in-differences analyses with Current Population Survey data. Across many specifications and multiple sub-groups, we find very small, inconsistently signed, statistically insignificant impacts of the 2021 CTC on parental labor force participation and employment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 105168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Migrant exposure and anti-migrant sentiment: The case of the Venezuelan exodus 移民曝光与反移民情绪：委内瑞拉人口外流案例
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105169
Jeremy Lebow , Jonathan Moreno-Medina , Salma Mousa , Horacio Coral
{"title":"Migrant exposure and anti-migrant sentiment: The case of the Venezuelan exodus","authors":"Jeremy Lebow ,&nbsp;Jonathan Moreno-Medina ,&nbsp;Salma Mousa ,&nbsp;Horacio Coral","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The global increase in refugee flows and anti-migrant politics has made it increasingly urgent to understand when and how migration translates into anti-migrant sentiment. We study the mass exodus of Venezuelans across Latin America, which coincided with an unprecedented worsening in migrant sentiment in the countries that received the most Venezuelans. However, we find no evidence that this decrease occurred in the regions within-country that received the most migrants. We do this using multiple migrant sentiment outcomes including survey measures and social media posts, multiple levels of geographic variation across seven Latin American countries, and an instrumental variable strategy. We find little evidence for heterogeneity along a range of characteristics related to labor market competition, public good scarcity, or crime. The results are consistent with anti-migrant sentiment being a national-level phenomenon, divorced from local experiences with migrants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141606925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Firm responses to book income alternative minimum taxes 企业对账面收入替代性最低税额的反应
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105158
Jordan Richmond
{"title":"Firm responses to book income alternative minimum taxes","authors":"Jordan Richmond","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies how firms respond to book income alternative minimum taxes (AMTs) by examining the AMT book income adjustment in 1987. Using Compustat data and an event study approach, I find no evidence that firms avoid the tax, and no evidence of significant real production or investment responses. Firm tax base responses imply an elasticity of book income of <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>03</mn></mrow></math></span> [<span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>63</mn></mrow></math></span>,<span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>56</mn></mrow></math></span>], smaller than previous estimates because I correct for mean reversion. The null results indicate that firms face strong, non-tax incentives to report high book incomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unconditional cash transfers and maternal employment: Evidence from the Baby’s First Years study 无条件现金转移和产妇就业：婴儿最初几年研究的证据
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105159
Maria Sauval , Greg J. Duncan , Lisa A. Gennetian , Katherine A. Magnuson , Nathan A. Fox , Kimberly G. Noble , Hirokazu Yoshikawa
{"title":"Unconditional cash transfers and maternal employment: Evidence from the Baby’s First Years study","authors":"Maria Sauval ,&nbsp;Greg J. Duncan ,&nbsp;Lisa A. Gennetian ,&nbsp;Katherine A. Magnuson ,&nbsp;Nathan A. Fox ,&nbsp;Kimberly G. Noble ,&nbsp;Hirokazu Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How the labor force participation of mothers of young children responds to unconditioned cash support remains an open question in policy debates. Using data from Baby’s First Years, a large-scale randomized controlled study, we generate new estimates of the impact of an unconditional monthly cash transfer on maternal employment behavior through a child’s first four years of life. We find no overall statistically detectable differences in whether mothers participated in the paid workforce or on total household earnings. Receipt of the cash transfer appears to have reduced hours of maternal work during the height of the pandemic in 2020–21.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141542986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
One thing leads to another: Evidence on the scope and persistence of behavioral spillovers 一物降一物：行为溢出效应的范围和持续性证据
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105166
Alexander Goetz , Harald Mayr , Renate Schubert
{"title":"One thing leads to another: Evidence on the scope and persistence of behavioral spillovers","authors":"Alexander Goetz ,&nbsp;Harald Mayr ,&nbsp;Renate Schubert","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evaluations of economic interventions usually focus on one target behavior. This study extends the evaluation scope to multiple untargeted behaviors. We evaluate a hot water saving intervention in a natural field experiment. Despite an exclusive focus on hot water, the intervention changes multiple behaviors. Notably, we find a 5.6 percent reduction in room heating energy consumption that persists one year after the intervention. We show that the room heating spillover has important welfare implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272724001026/pdfft?md5=7f1a19ede794faa26c5c2981311f5bd7&pid=1-s2.0-S0047272724001026-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
R&D tax credits and innovation 研发税收抵免与创新
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105157
Walter Melnik , Andrew Smyth
{"title":"R&D tax credits and innovation","authors":"Walter Melnik ,&nbsp;Andrew Smyth","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous work suggests that research and development (R&amp;D) tax credits increase R&amp;D expenditure. We exploit the staggered adoption of state-level R&amp;D tax credits in the United States to examine their effect on innovation itself. In particular, we consider ten commonly-studied patent characteristics that have received little or no attention in the extant literature on R&amp;D incentives. Our empirical approach suggests that R&amp;D tax credits reduce the user cost of R&amp;D and increase R&amp;D expenditure, but we find no aggregate evidence that such credits increase patenting in credit-adopting states. Nor do credits increase the scientific quality of patents, as captured by patent citations. On the other hand, R&amp;D tax credits increase patent novelty and we see large and significant increases in the market value of patents in credit-adopting states. All of our aggregate results are driven by states with larger effective credits and by larger firms, because such firms produce the vast majority of patents. These results have important implications for R&amp;D public policy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141542987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medical bill shock and imperfect moral hazard 医疗账单冲击和不完善的道德风险
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105152
David M. Anderson , Alex Hoagland , Ed Zhu
{"title":"Medical bill shock and imperfect moral hazard","authors":"David M. Anderson ,&nbsp;Alex Hoagland ,&nbsp;Ed Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Consumers are sensitive to medical prices when consuming care, but delays in price information may distort moral hazard. We study how medical bills affect household spillover spending following utilization of shoppable services, leveraging variation in insurer claim processing times. Households increase spending by 22% after a scheduled service, but then reduce spending by 11% after the bill arrives. Observed bill effects are consistent with resolving price uncertainty; bill effects are strongest when pricing information is particularly salient. A model of demand for healthcare with delayed pricing information suggests households misperceive pricing signals prior to bills, and that correcting these perceptions reduce average (median) spending by 16% (7%) annually.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272724000884/pdfft?md5=cb3aee2fd5fb885210f55069b316f1d2&pid=1-s2.0-S0047272724000884-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Job displacement costs of phasing out coal 淘汰煤炭造成的工作岗位转移成本
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105167
Juan-Pablo Rud , Michael Simmons , Gerhard Toews , Fernando Aragon
{"title":"Job displacement costs of phasing out coal","authors":"Juan-Pablo Rud ,&nbsp;Michael Simmons ,&nbsp;Gerhard Toews ,&nbsp;Fernando Aragon","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reduction of carbon emissions will require a rapid phasing out of coal and the displacement of millions of coal miners. How much could this energy transition cost mining workers? We use the dramatic collapse of the UK coal industry to estimate the long-term impact on displaced miners. We find evidence of substantial losses: hourly wages fell by 40% and earnings fell by 80% to 90% one year after job loss. These losses are persistent and remain significantly depressed fifteen years later, amounting to present discounted value earnings losses of between four and six times the miners pre-displacement earnings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105167"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272724001038/pdfft?md5=e7972787826d0b0ece364782e9b661bf&pid=1-s2.0-S0047272724001038-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immigrant legalization and the redistribution of state funds: Evidence from the 1986 IRCA 移民合法化与州政府资金的再分配：1986 年 IRCA 的证据
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105155
Navid Sabet , Christoph Winter
{"title":"Immigrant legalization and the redistribution of state funds: Evidence from the 1986 IRCA","authors":"Navid Sabet ,&nbsp;Christoph Winter","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the impact of immigrant legalization on fiscal transfers from state to local governments in the United States, exploiting variation in legal status from the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). State governments allocate more resources to IRCA counties, an allocation that is responsive to the electoral incentives of the governor. Importantly, the effect emerges prior to the enfranchisement of the IRCA migrants and we argue it is driven by the IRCA’s capacity to politically empower already legal Hispanic migrants in mixed legal status communities. The IRCA increases turnout in large Hispanic communities as well as Hispanic political engagement, without detectably triggering anti-migrant sentiment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272724000914/pdfft?md5=b69c87168e0127e1765478891b3eb5e6&pid=1-s2.0-S0047272724000914-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technology and the state: Building capacity to tax via text 技术与国家：建设通过文本征税的能力
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105154
Isabelle Cohen
{"title":"Technology and the state: Building capacity to tax via text","authors":"Isabelle Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability of the state to collect tax revenue is a crucial indicator in the process of economic development, yet the functioning of tax compliance in low-capacity countries remains poorly understood. Using a randomized evaluation, I study a simple text message reminder scheme implemented by the Uganda Revenue Authority, which increases tax compliance by 7%. This average effect masks substantial treatment effect heterogeneity by an index of the presence of public services, measured via a granular, nationwide dataset on government service provision. The finding that the treatment was most effective where the state is least present shows how digital technology can extend beyond the brick-and-mortar presence of the government, expanding the reach of the state.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141439084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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