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From viewers to voters: Tracing Fox News’ impact on American democracy 从观众到选民：追溯福克斯新闻对美国民主的影响
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105256
Elliott Ash , Sergio Galletta , Matteo Pinna , Christopher S. Warshaw
{"title":"From viewers to voters: Tracing Fox News’ impact on American democracy","authors":"Elliott Ash ,&nbsp;Sergio Galletta ,&nbsp;Matteo Pinna ,&nbsp;Christopher S. Warshaw","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the effect of Fox News Channel (FNC) on the mass public’s political preferences and voting behavior in the United States from 2000 to 2020. We show that FNC has shifted the ideology and partisan identity of Americans rightward. This shift has helped Republican candidates in elections across levels of U.S. government over the past decade. Our estimates suggests that an increase of 0.05 rating points in Fox News viewership, induced by exogenous changes in channel placement, has increased Republican vote shares by at least 0.5 percentage points in recent presidential, Senate, House, and gubernatorial elections. Our findings have broad implications for political behavior, elections, and the political process in the United States.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 105256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
All is not lost: Organized crime and social capital formation 一切并没有失去：有组织犯罪与社会资本的形成
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105257
Paolo Buonanno , Irene Ferrari , Alessandro Saia
{"title":"All is not lost: Organized crime and social capital formation","authors":"Paolo Buonanno ,&nbsp;Irene Ferrari ,&nbsp;Alessandro Saia","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate how institutional quality influences social capital by exploiting a policy designed to fight organized crime in Italy: the dismissal of city councils following criminal infiltration into local governments. To measure social capital, we employ a novel, fine-grained indicator based on Italy’s <em>5 per Mille</em> provision, which allows taxpayers to allocate a portion of their income tax to non-profit organizations. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that city council dismissals lead to a significant increase in social capital. We document that the perceived strengthening of law enforcement is the primary mechanism through which city council dismissals enhance social capital.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 105257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Targeted regulation for reducing high-ozone events 减少高臭氧事件的针对性监管
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105252
Christopher Holt , Joshua Linn
{"title":"Targeted regulation for reducing high-ozone events","authors":"Christopher Holt ,&nbsp;Joshua Linn","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) are a precursor to ground-level ozone, a pernicious pollutant that is harmful to human health and ecosystems. Despite decades of regulations and a precipitous decline in NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, episodic high-ozone events prevent many areas from attaining air quality standards. Theoretically, spatially or temporally differentiated emissions prices could be more cost effective at reducing such events than a uniform price. To test this prediction, with data from EPA and NOAA spanning 2001–2019, we use novel empirical strategies to estimate (1) the link between hourly emissions and high-ozone events and (2) hourly marginal abatement costs. These estimates form the basis for simulations that compare uniform and differentiated emissions pricing. Consistent with economic theory, differentiated pricing is substantially more cost effective at reducing high-ozone events, though this advantage depends on the accuracy of the estimated NO<sub>x</sub>–ozone relationship. A daytime-only emissions price can achieve the same ozone-event reductions as a uniform emissions price at 42 percent lower cost; an emissions price that varies by power plant and hour of the day can achieve the same reductions at 88 percent lower cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 105252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Income shocks, political support and voting behaviour 收入冲击、政治支持和投票行为
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105253
Richard Upward , Peter W. Wright
{"title":"Income shocks, political support and voting behaviour","authors":"Richard Upward ,&nbsp;Peter W. Wright","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We provide new evidence on the effects of economic shocks on political support, voting behaviour and political opinions over the last 25 years in the UK. We exploit a sudden, large and long-lasting shock in the form of job loss and trace out its impact on individual political outcomes for up to 10 years after the event. The availability of detailed information on individuals before and after the job loss event allows us to reweight a comparison group to closely mimic the job losers in terms of their observable characteristics, pre-existing political support and voting behaviour. We find consistent and long-lasting effects on support and votes for the incumbent party, and shorter-lived effects on political engagement. We find limited impact on the support for fringe or populist parties. In the context of Brexit, opposition to the EU was much higher amongst those who lost their jobs, but this was largely due to pre-existing differences which were not exacerbated by the job loss event itself.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 105253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The value of electricity reliability: Evidence from battery adoption 电力可靠性的价值：采用电池的证据
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105216
David P. Brown , Lucija Muehlenbachs
{"title":"The value of electricity reliability: Evidence from battery adoption","authors":"David P. Brown ,&nbsp;Lucija Muehlenbachs","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To avoid electric-infrastructure-induced wildfires, millions of Californians had their power cut for hours to days at a time. We show that rooftop solar-plus-battery-storage systems increased in zip codes with the longest power outages. Rooftop solar panels alone will not help a household avert outages, but a solar-plus-battery-storage system will. Using this fact, we obtain a revealed-preference estimate of the willingness to pay for electricity reliability, the Value of Lost Load, a key parameter for electricity market design. Our estimate, with an average of $4,980/MWh, suggests California’s wildfire-prevention outages resulted in losses from foregone consumption of $406 million to residential electricity consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 105216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Personal norms — and not only social norms — shape economic behavior 影响经济行为的不仅是社会规范，还有个人规范
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105255
Zvonimir Bašić , Eugenio Verrina
{"title":"Personal norms — and not only social norms — shape economic behavior","authors":"Zvonimir Bašić ,&nbsp;Eugenio Verrina","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a simple utility framework and design a novel two-part experiment to study the relevance of personal norms across various economic games and settings. We show that personal norms — together with social norms and monetary payoff — are highly predictive of individuals’ behavior. Moreover, they are: (i) distinct from social norms across a series of economic contexts; (ii) robust to an exogenous increase in the salience of social norms; and (iii) complementary to social norms in predicting behavior. Our findings support personal norms as a key driver of economic behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 105255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Myths of official measurement: Limits to test-based education reforms with weak governance 官方测量的神话：治理薄弱的应试教育改革的局限性
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105246
Abhijeet Singh , Petter Berg
{"title":"Myths of official measurement: Limits to test-based education reforms with weak governance","authors":"Abhijeet Singh ,&nbsp;Petter Berg","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessment-led school reforms are a central pillar of policy packages recommended to address low student achievement in developing countries. We use direct audit evidence to assess the truthfulness of official assessments in a reform that has tested over 6 million students annually since 2011 in the large Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Comparing responses to the same test questions by the same students shows a doubling of reported achievement in administrative data versus independent tests. This difference is lower, within schools, in grades with multiple test booklets and external grading. Overall, in contexts with weak governance, interventions relying on test-based accountability appear unlikely to succeed without complementary investments to assure data integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 105246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do second chances pay off? Evidence from a natural experiment with low-achieving students 第二次机会有回报吗？来自成绩差学生自然实验的证据
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105214
Aspasia Bizopoulou , Rigissa Megalokonomou , Ştefania Simion
{"title":"Do second chances pay off? Evidence from a natural experiment with low-achieving students","authors":"Aspasia Bizopoulou ,&nbsp;Rigissa Megalokonomou ,&nbsp;Ştefania Simion","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In several countries, students who fail high-stakes exams at the end of high school are faced with the choice of retaking or forgoing postsecondary education. We explore exogenous variation generated by a policy that imposed a performance threshold for admission into postsecondary education in Greece to estimate the effect of retaking exams on the exam performance and various measures of the quality of received offers. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design and novel administrative data, we find that low-achieving students who retake national exams improve their performance by around 0.6 standard deviation. We also find that they obtain higher quality postsecondary offers, thanks to improved performance and more ambitious re-application choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 105214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of a transfer shock on subnational debt: Micro evidence from Mexico 转移冲击对国家以下各级债务的影响：墨西哥的微观证据
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105251
Mariela Dal Borgo
{"title":"Effect of a transfer shock on subnational debt: Micro evidence from Mexico","authors":"Mariela Dal Borgo","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines how a shock to the distribution of federal transfers to Mexican municipalities affects their demand for long-term loans aimed at funding productive investments. Transfers are municipalities’ main source of debt payment and collateral. Using granular supervisory data, I find a positive effect on municipalities’ loan volume, normalized by the country’s total municipal loans, driven by obligations with private lenders. However, I find little or no average effect on take-up — despite many governments being unbanked —, repayment, or volume at the intensive margin. Governments with lower payment capacity and other preexisting debt are more sensitive to the shock. In particular, those with short-term debt are more likely to start borrowing from private lenders, while those with bonds turn to the development bank. The additional revenue mostly funds current rather than capital expenditures. These findings highlight that the policy goal of deepening subnational credit markets in developing countries must also address weaknesses in local investment capacities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 105251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uneven recessions and optimal firm subsidies 不均衡的衰退和最佳企业补贴
IF 4.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Public Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105250
Caio Machado
{"title":"Uneven recessions and optimal firm subsidies","authors":"Caio Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How should policymakers distribute firm subsidies when supply shocks hit some firms and spill over to others through demand externalities? I propose a model to answer that question. The optimal policy depends on the severity of the supply shock and the degree of substitution across goods. If shocks are not too large or widespread, it is optimal to subsidize only firms not hit by supply shocks. For larger and more widespread shocks, the results depend on the elasticity of substitution: If complementarities across the varieties produced by firms are high, firms facing supply shocks should be prioritized, and the opposite is true if complementarities are low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 105250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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