{"title":"The leader affect revolution reloaded: Toward an integrative framework and a robust science","authors":"Bo Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Along with the affective revolution in organizational behavior research, leadership research has also experienced an affective revolution, resulting in a field of research on the intersection of affect and leadership. Based on the results of a review of 162 articles published in eight top-tier management and leadership journals over three decades (1990–2022), I identify a range of topics on the intersection of leadership and affect, and organize them under an integrative cognitive-affective-behavioral-trait (CAB-T) thematic framework. Although the field appears to be flourishing, it may have built on a shaky foundation, because most of the published empirical studies are flawed by critical issues such as endogeneity and poor research design. For example, only 12 out of 127 empirical articles are possibly without endogeneity issues; 3 out of 32 experiments and 2 out of 11 qualitative studies are considered rigorous against specified criteria. Based on the identified limitations, I provide a future research agenda for a robust field of leader affect research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 101756"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1048984323000826/pdfft?md5=747019a0bcd7f0f0242f389cadb13517&pid=1-s2.0-S1048984323000826-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139110389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel H. Matthews , Dawei (David) Wang , Thomas K. Kelemen
{"title":"No access? No problem! Taking stock of unobtrusive measures for executives’ deep-level characteristics","authors":"Samuel H. Matthews , Dawei (David) Wang , Thomas K. Kelemen","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The deep-level characteristics (e.g., personality, ability, values) of leaders have previously been found to influence key outcomes for followers, organizations, and more. However, many widely used measures of these deep-level characteristics (e.g., self-reported Likert scales) cannot be implemented when studying high-ranking leaders due to a lack of direct access to those types of leaders. In light of this challenge, scholars have developed indirect, unobtrusive measures to capture these deep-level characteristics. In this review, we examine the four overarching approaches prior scholars have used to indirectly measure leaders’ deep-level characteristics—language, visual media, financials, and personal factors—and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Based on the patterns found, we also suggest avenues for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 101754"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138679100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cynthia K. Maupin , Gouri Mohan , Anwesha Choudhury , Pratibha Deepak , Fuhe Jin
{"title":"Network-based approaches to leadership: An organizing framework, review, and recommendations","authors":"Cynthia K. Maupin , Gouri Mohan , Anwesha Choudhury , Pratibha Deepak , Fuhe Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this review, we aim to critically evaluate the state of the leadership and networks literature and provide a detailed overview of the various network-based approaches that can be leveraged in leadership research to accomplish three main objectives. First, we introduce an organizing framework that classifies the array of network-based approaches used in addressing leadership questions into two broad categories: descriptive versus predictive network-based approaches. Second, we critically review the leadership literature to assess the degree to which network-based approaches have been employed in leadership investigations, the major topic areas in leadership that have been investigated via a social network lens, and the extent to which network-based approaches have impacted researchers’ abilities to address major empirical challenges in leadership research—namely, the incorporation of multilevel, multisource, contextual, temporal, processual, and causal perspectives of leadership. Finally, we demonstrate the unique capabilities of the network-based approaches by showing how an exemplar topic in leadership investigations—leadership emergence—may be explored from multiple perspectives through the different categories of network-based models. By promoting a better understanding of network-based methodologies and their utilization in leadership research, we pave way for new ways of thinking about and framing leadership research questions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 101753"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The context deficit in leadership research","authors":"Gary Johns","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Complementary evidence from narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses leads to the conclusion that much research suffers from a lack of attention to the context in which leadership occurs. Several possible reasons for this context deficit are refuted, including notions that context is unimportant for leaders, contextualized research is less scientific than decontextualized research, and useful contextual descriptors are lacking. Rather, it is argued that the context deficit is a negative manifestation of the romance of leadership. Advantages of enhanced attention to context include reduction of omitted variable bias, improved understanding of anomalous research results, differentiation and integration of research findings, and enhanced teaching and practice of leadership. Improved contextual appreciation can be facilitated by consulting contextual success stories, embracing an interdisciplinary perspective, focusing on events, behavior, and change, employing experience sampling, conducting more qualitative research, using a configural approach, studying how leaders construe and process contextual cues, adopting context-specific leadership measures, and improving writing, editing, and review practices concerning context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 101755"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikita Vladimirov, Fabian F Voigt, Thomas Naert, Gabriela R Araujo, Ruiyao Cai, Anna Maria Reuss, Shan Zhao, Patricia Schmid, Sven Hildebrand, Martina Schaettin, Dominik Groos, José María Mateos, Philipp Bethge, Taiyo Yamamoto, Valentino Aerne, Alard Roebroeck, Ali Ertürk, Adriano Aguzzi, Urs Ziegler, Esther Stoeckli, Laura Baudis, Soeren S Lienkamp, Fritjof Helmchen
{"title":"The Benchtop mesoSPIM: a next-generation open-source light-sheet microscope for large cleared samples.","authors":"Nikita Vladimirov, Fabian F Voigt, Thomas Naert, Gabriela R Araujo, Ruiyao Cai, Anna Maria Reuss, Shan Zhao, Patricia Schmid, Sven Hildebrand, Martina Schaettin, Dominik Groos, José María Mateos, Philipp Bethge, Taiyo Yamamoto, Valentino Aerne, Alard Roebroeck, Ali Ertürk, Adriano Aguzzi, Urs Ziegler, Esther Stoeckli, Laura Baudis, Soeren S Lienkamp, Fritjof Helmchen","doi":"10.1101/2023.06.16.545256","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2023.06.16.545256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2015, we launched the mesoSPIM initiative (www.mesospim.org), an open-source project for making light-sheet microscopy of large cleared tissues more accessible. Meanwhile, the demand for imaging larger samples at higher speed and resolution has increased, requiring major improvements in the capabilities of light-sheet microscopy. Here, we introduce the next-generation mesoSPIM (\"Benchtop\") with significantly increased field of view, improved resolution, higher throughput, more affordable cost and simpler assembly compared to the original version. We developed a new method for testing objectives, enabling us to select detection objectives optimal for light-sheet imaging with large-sensor sCMOS cameras. The new mesoSPIM achieves high spatial resolution (1.5 μm laterally, 3.3 μm axially) across the entire field of view, a magnification up to 20x, and supports sample sizes ranging from sub-mm up to several centimetres, while being compatible with multiple clearing techniques. The new microscope serves a broad range of applications in neuroscience, developmental biology, and even physics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10760166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78289125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ulrich Thy Jensen , Dominic Rohner , Olivier Bornet , Daniel Carron , Philip Garner , Dimitra Loupi , John Antonakis
{"title":"Combating COVID-19 with charisma: Evidence on governor speeches in the United States","authors":"Ulrich Thy Jensen , Dominic Rohner , Olivier Bornet , Daniel Carron , Philip Garner , Dimitra Loupi , John Antonakis","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using field and laboratory data, we show that leader charisma can affect COVID-related mitigating behaviors. We coded a panel of U.S. governor speeches for charisma signaling using a deep neural network algorithm. The model explains variation in stay-at-home behavior of citizens based on their smart phone data movements, showing a robust effect of charisma signaling: stay-at-home behavior increased irrespective of state-level citizen political ideology or governor party allegiance. Republican governors with a particularly high charisma signaling score impacted the outcome more relative to Democratic governors in comparable conditions. Our results also suggest that one standard deviation higher charisma signaling in governor speeches could potentially have saved 5,350 lives during the study period (02/28/2020–05/14/2020). Next, in an incentivized laboratory experiment we found that politically conservative individuals are particularly prone to believe that their co-citizens will follow governor appeals to distance or stay at home when exposed to a speech that is high in charisma; these beliefs in turn drive their preference to engage in those behaviors. These results suggest that political leaders should consider additional “soft-power” levers like charisma—which can be learned—to complement policy interventions for pandemics or other public heath crises, especially with certain populations who may need a “nudge.”</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 101702"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10201331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10074229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Are the effects of servant leadership only spurious? The state of research on the causal effects of servant leadership, recommendations, and an illustrative experiment","authors":"Annika F. Schowalter, Judith Volmer","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Causality is essential in informing science and policy. In the present study, we investigate the current state of research regarding causality in the field of servant (and authentic) leadership and provide recommendations on how causally identified studies can be conducted. After explaining the methodological problems that potentially prevent causal inferences (i.e., endogeneity bias and issues in experimental design), we provide two </span>systematic literature reviews<span> of servant and authentic leadership showing that these problems remain very prevalent. We then discuss two solutions on how causal effects of servant leadership or perceptions thereof can be established: randomized experiments and instrumental variable<span> regression. To illustrate our recommendations, we report an experiment on the effect of a combination of two servant leadership dimensions (i.e., stewardship and authenticity) on follower performance and also investigate the effect of combined stewardship and authenticity </span></span></span><em>perceptions</em> using instrumental variable regression. The results do not indicate that combined stewardship and authenticity <em>behavior</em> or <em>perceptions</em> affect follower performance. Our study can serve as a roadmap, especially for servant leadership researchers, to address potential endogeneity and conduct causally identified research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 101722"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71435687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amelie V. Güntner , Annika L. Meinecke , Zuva E.K. Lüders
{"title":"Interaction coding in leadership research: A critical review and best-practice recommendations to measure behavior","authors":"Amelie V. Güntner , Annika L. Meinecke , Zuva E.K. Lüders","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leadership scholars increasingly acknowledge the shortcomings of using questionnaires. Consequently, there is a trend towards more behavior-based research, with interaction coding as one promising method. By precisely analyzing recordings of leader–follower interactions, interaction coding helps quantify verbal and non-verbal behavioral patterns that unfold between leaders and their followers, thereby providing access to the behavioral dynamics that are at the core of leadership. Yet, analyzing leader–follower interactions is much less straightforward than it might appear. Bold claims like “objective data” and “actual behavior” frequently used in such studies tend to paint a somewhat tainted picture of the opportunities and challenges associated with interaction coding. To synthesize the existing empirical knowledge concerning the use of interaction coding in leadership research, we present the findings from a critical review of the current research landscape. This review highlights that questions related to observer inference, standards for observer agreement, and the validity of interaction coding are often not sufficiently addressed in empirical work. Drawing on these findings, we identify questionable research practices and juxtapose these with best-practice recommendations. Finally, we provide a discussion and outlook on how behavior-based methods can move the leadership field forward by facilitating theoretical advancements and deriving actionable guidance for practitioners.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 101751"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1048984323000772/pdfft?md5=1a3f6b64e43b9e11829f2856eb8a1bb0&pid=1-s2.0-S1048984323000772-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71417081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Stock , George C. Banks , E. Nicole Voss , Scott Tonidandel , Haley Woznyj
{"title":"Putting leader (follower) behavior back into transformational leadership: A theoretical and empirical course correction","authors":"George Stock , George C. Banks , E. Nicole Voss , Scott Tonidandel , Haley Woznyj","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2022.101632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2022.101632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Despite a tremendous amount of research on the topic, we still have little evidence regarding the extent to which transformational leader behaviors (TLBs) cause a number of outcomes. The primary inhibitors include a lack of theoretical precision, the conflation of leader (follower) behaviors with evaluations, as well as measurement and design issues which prevent causal inferences. To address such concerns, we reframe the transformational leadership literature from a signaling theory perspective. Study 1 reviewed existing definitions of transformational leadership. Building on this, we introduce a new definition of TLB: Leader signaling through developmental and prosocial behaviors<span> tailored for each unique stakeholder (e.g., person, dyad, group, organization). Leveraging topic modeling, Study 2 involved the analysis of open-ended survey responses. Using a constant comparative approach, six TLBs were identified: 1. teaching life lessons, 2. introduction to developmental opportunities, 3. providing different perspectives, 4. seeking different perspectives, 5. questioning critical assumptions, and 6. speaking words of affirmation. Studies 3 and 4 were preregistered experiments that showed TLBs cause variation in follower evaluations of the leader as transformational (</span></span><em>n</em> = 416; Cohen’s <em>d =</em> .50) and contributions to a public good (<em>n</em> = 320; Cohen’s <em>d</em> = .36), respectively. We conclude with recommendations for theory and practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 101632"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}