Marine Policy最新文献_第7页

Mapping undersea cable risk from bathymetry to geopolitics: Evidence-based rankings and tailored resilience strategies 测绘海底电缆风险从水深测量到地缘政治：基于证据的排名和量身定制的弹性策略

IF 3.7 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107012

Brendon J. Cannon , Kazuki Matsuo , Moeri Matsuda

{"title":"Mapping undersea cable risk from bathymetry to geopolitics: Evidence-based rankings and tailored resilience strategies","authors":"Brendon J. Cannon , Kazuki Matsuo , Moeri Matsuda","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Undersea communication cables carry more than 95 percent of the world’s data traffic, yet their security remains poorly understood. Recent sabotage incidents in the Baltic, Red Sea and Taiwan Strait highlight an urgent need for policy-relevant risk assessments, particularly in the Indo-Pacific where strategic rivalry, dense traffic and complex seabed topography intersect. This article quantifies and explains cable-security risk across three contrasted cable systems—Unity/EAC Pacific (Japan–U.S.), Asia-America Gateway (Guam–Hawaii), and Tata TGN-Tata Indicom (India–Singapore)—to derive targeted resilience measures. We combine an expert survey and semi-structured interviews to assess risk across landing sites, maritime zones, and cable systems, and employ the Friedman test (with Kendall’s W effect sizes) to evaluate whether expert ratings differ systematically across maritime zones and tension levels in a repeated-measures design. The results show patterned heterogeneity rather than uniform vulnerability. Experts broadly agree that landing stations are attractive targets, but risk is location specific. Cable-system differences are also evident with Indian Ocean systems judged less vulnerable than Pacific systems, owing to redundancy and greater costs associated with sabotage. Bathymetry, surveillance, and proximity to adversaries often outweighed other variables with experts also highlighting gray zone phases as prime sabotage windows. Building on these findings, we propose a six-point policy framework for actors to adopt tiered, scenario-based security postures; prioritize protection at the segment/system level; strengthen early-warning for gray zone risks; conduct operationally focused vulnerability assessments; develop regional seas frameworks to pool assets; and ensure national readiness through audits, single points of contact, and codified public–private protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The legal basis and boundaries of unilateral law enforcement in disputed maritime areas 争议海域单边执法的法律依据和边界

IF 3.7 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107005

Quan Ye

{"title":"The legal basis and boundaries of unilateral law enforcement in disputed maritime areas","authors":"Quan Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In asserting their claims and demands over disputed maritime areas, contesting States tend to resort to unilateral law enforcement actions. While international law does not explicitly prohibit such unilateral enforcement actions in these areas, they are subjected to several constraints. These enforcement actions are only permissible to the extent that such rights are attributed to the relevant coastal States under international law within the specific maritime zone. Contesting States should exercise caution when engaging in unilateral law enforcement in these areas, particularly by respecting the rights and interests of other States. The use of force, if unavoidable, must be reasonable, proportionate, and only as the last resort. This article proposes that, despite there may appear to be a contradiction between unilateral and cooperative law enforcement, the two are not inherently incompatible. In disputed maritime areas, the States concerned should, on one hand, ensure that their unilateral law enforcement operations are consistent with the rules of international law, and on the other hand, promote practical cooperation. This dual approach aims to safeguard the benefits obtained from the disputed maritime areas and to alleviate tensions prior to the ultimate resolution of the dispute, thereby laying a robust foundation for future boundary delimitation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invisible seas: Media agenda-setting and the territorial imaginary of France’s global ocean domain 看不见的海洋：媒体议程设置和法国全球海洋领域的领土想象

IF 3.7 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107011

Sylvain Domergue , Yann Richard

{"title":"Invisible seas: Media agenda-setting and the territorial imaginary of France’s global ocean domain","authors":"Sylvain Domergue , Yann Richard","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Summary</h3><div>Although France has a vast maritime domain, the French are not aware of it. However, they do have many and varied ways of finding out about this very special space, and thus possibly building a link with it. In this article, after the presentation of the corpus and of the methodology, we study representations of the sea and ocean in general in the French national daily press, based on a corpus of articles from four national newspapers, published between 2000 and 2022 or 2023. We then focus on representations of the Pacific and Indo-Pacific. We draw several conclusions from this research. The place of maritime areas in the national daily press is marginal. The press gives a geographical representation of the seas and oceans that does not correspond to the geography of the French maritime domain. The French presence in maritime areas is rarely presented as such. In articles about the Pacific and Indo-Pacific oceans, little is said about the French overseas territories. This may be seen as a symptom of the French public's lack of interest in these remote regions, in the maritime spaces that surround them and in the issues that concern them. Conversely, it may be assumed that this distorted and incomplete representation of maritime spaces in the French national daily press plays a role in the low level of appropriation of the French maritime domain by French citizens themselves, and in the low level of appropriation by public opinion of the maritime policies implemented by French governments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fishing in the commons: The effect of non-governmental organizations’ actions on illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing 公地捕鱼：非政府组织对非法、未报告和无管制捕鱼行动的影响

IF 3.7 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107026

Kent Wicker , Annette Watson , Andrew M. Shedlock

{"title":"Fishing in the commons: The effect of non-governmental organizations’ actions on illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing","authors":"Kent Wicker , Annette Watson , Andrew M. Shedlock","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Overfishing in ocean waters beyond governmental control presents a potential example of the Tragedy of the Commons, the dilemma that individuals, acting to serve their own interests, will deplete resources that should be shared and conserved. IUU fishing has contributed to the decline of this important resource, and over a third of fishing stocks are now overfished. This study uses the Social-Ecological System (SES) Framework with a multi-pronged quantitative approach and a survey of 71 experts to consider whether three types of actions by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been effective at reducing illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing in ocean waters beyond governmental control. Results show that first, NGOs within the SES can help prevent depletion of the resource not by cooperating to find enforceable rules, but by competing with the illegal fishers’ efforts. Second, survey respondents judged satellite surveillance by NGOs to be more effective than market certification or direct-action techniques. Third, experts suggest that government regulation and enforcement continue to play an important role in protecting this common-pool property. This study contributes to the literature about Elinor Ostrom’s SES framework by focusing on the constructive competition contributed by NGOs operating outside of the commons, rather than on the resource users within it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeking to quantify contributions that fisheries operations can make to a global Nature Positive goal 寻求量化渔业作业对全球自然积极目标的贡献

IF 3.7 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107030

S.A. Karlsdóttir , H. Booth , J.W. Bull , T. Davies , E.J. Milner-Gulland

{"title":"Seeking to quantify contributions that fisheries operations can make to a global Nature Positive goal","authors":"S.A. Karlsdóttir , H. Booth , J.W. Bull , T. Davies , E.J. Milner-Gulland","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amidst global efforts to address biodiversity loss, the concept of ‘Nature Positive’ has gained traction as a societal goal aligned with the Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). While the goal is increasingly being embraced by governments and various business sectors, there has been little investigation into how fisheries, a key sector in the global economy and a major driver of marine biodiversity loss, could go beyond ‘sustainable fishing’ to contribute towards Nature Positive and the GBF. Here, we begin to fill this gap. We first draw on literature on the mitigation hierarchy and transformative actions for businesses to offer a conceptual framework outlining how fisheries’ direct operations could contribute towards Nature Positive. We then use publicly available information from the Marine Stewardship Council's certification process and develop an example metric based on the UK’s Biodiversity Net Gain metric, to work through the framework for three case study fisheries in New Zealand, Scotland and Spain. Finally, we gain expert insights into stakeholder’s perception of a Nature Positive approach to fisheries management to inform future avenues. Our findings offer a practical first step to support fisheries to contribute to nature recovery on a global scale as part of best practice fisheries management. We also highlight that pathways towards Nature Positive contributions will differ considerably between fisheries, with critical knowledge gaps hampering the potential for ‘like-for-like’ net positive outcomes in all fisheries. This study represents a first step towards Nature Positive pathways for fisheries, with implications for policy, business and research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Addressing ocean noise pollution in the artificial intelligence era: Regulatory challenges and future responses 应对人工智能时代的海洋噪音污染：监管挑战和未来应对

IF 3.7 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107021

Xiaoyi Jiang , You Li , Xiaobo Zhao

{"title":"Addressing ocean noise pollution in the artificial intelligence era: Regulatory challenges and future responses","authors":"Xiaoyi Jiang , You Li , Xiaobo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accelerating advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping approaches to ocean governance, offering novel opportunities to address one of the ocean’s most pervasive and underregulated threats - anthropogenic noise pollution. This paper examines how AI technologies are being applied to identify, monitor, and mitigate ocean noise, and explores the regulatory, ethical, and institutional challenges that accompany their use. It argues that while AI can enhance the precision and efficiency of marine monitoring - through automated noise classification, predictive mapping, and real-time data analytics - its deployment also exposes significant governance gaps within the existing international legal framework. These include issues of data sovereignty, accountability, transparency, and equitable access to technology. Drawing on developments under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and recent International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidelines, the paper proposes a coherent regulatory strategy grounded in algorithmic accountability, ethical oversight, and global cooperation. It concludes that AI should be governed as a public-interest technology within ocean governance, reinforcing rather than undermining the international rule of law and environmental justice in the marine domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State responsibility and non-state actors in maritime law enforcement: A comparative analysis concerning the South China Sea 海洋执法中的国家责任与非国家行为体：南海问题的比较分析

IF 3.7 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106999

Peidong Yang , Haoran Cui

{"title":"State responsibility and non-state actors in maritime law enforcement: A comparative analysis concerning the South China Sea","authors":"Peidong Yang , Haoran Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a growing number of non-state actors participating in maritime law enforcement operations in the South China Sea. These actors may come from the private sector or non-governmental organizations, or are individual volunteers. Non-state actors are not only regarded as an integral component of maritime law enforcement but are also frequently involved in conflicts related to disputes over sovereignty and sovereign rights. This raises the key question of whether states are responsible for the actions of non-state actors during maritime law enforcement. This paper attempts to construct an analytical framework to clarify state responsibility for non-state actors in different scenarios. First, the question of whether they are authorized to be involved in maritime law enforcement activities by national laws needs to be examined. In the absence of legal authority, we suggest a high criterion for attributing the conducts of non-state actors in maritime law enforcement to the state. Second, this paper analyzes relevant domestic legislation and practices of the three major South China Sea claimants: China, Vietnam, and the Philippines. This paper also provide some policy recommendations for the three states. Firstly, they need to establish a mechanism for converting non-state vessels into state law enforcement vessels. Secondly, they need to exercise due diligence and divide responsibilities between the state and non-state actors. Finally, they should strengthen law enforcement training and tighten constraints on non-state actors by domestic legislation, particularly Vietnam, to prevent serious maritime disputes arising from unprofessional law enforcement conducts of non-state actors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

North Atlantic right whale Unusual Mortality Event prompts increased legislation and partisan variation at state and federal levels 北大西洋露脊鲸异常死亡事件促使州和联邦层面的立法和党派变化增加

IF 3.7 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2026.107033

Laura Doughton , Amadi Afua Sefah-Twerefour , Joshua Meyer-Gutbrod , Abigail Kreuser , Erin Meyer-Gutbrod

{"title":"North Atlantic right whale Unusual Mortality Event prompts increased legislation and partisan variation at state and federal levels","authors":"Laura Doughton , Amadi Afua Sefah-Twerefour , Joshua Meyer-Gutbrod , Abigail Kreuser , Erin Meyer-Gutbrod","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2026.107033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2026.107033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>North Atlantic right whales are a critically endangered species of baleen whale facing threats from vessel strikes, fishing gear entanglement, and anthropogenic climate change. Following the declaration of an Unusual Mortality Event in 2017, there has been a push for increased conservation efforts propelled through policy activity in the United States and Canada. Policy diffusion literature suggests that a policy window opens after a focusing event occurs, like an Unusual Mortality Event, and that policy networks between states will facilitate the spread of legislation. This study examines databases of proposed legislation related to North Atlantic right whales from the United States Congress from 1993 to 2024, and 14 East Coast state legislatures bordering the Atlantic Ocean from 2000 to 2024. There were 49 bills introduced in Congress and 56 bills introduced in 5 East Coast state legislatures over the assessed time period. Both federal and state legislative data indicated that a policy window opened in 2017. However, text analysis of identified bills indicated no evidence of policy diffusion between states or from states to the federal government. Instead, we find that states with Democratic-controlled legislatures propose more action-oriented policies while states with Republican-controlled legislatures propose signaling policies. This suggests that under federalism, states react to policy windows in a variety of ways based on the goals of their constituents, informing how stakeholders should lobby for conservation policies in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of fisheries management instruments on the export of Brazilian ornamental fish 渔业管理措施对巴西观赏鱼出口的影响

IF 3.7 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107029

Felipe Weber Mendonça Santos , Rivetla Edipo Araújo Cruz , Ane Felice Frâncio de Medeiros , Leandro Melo de Sousa , Mônica Yumi Tsuzuki

{"title":"Impacts of fisheries management instruments on the export of Brazilian ornamental fish","authors":"Felipe Weber Mendonça Santos , Rivetla Edipo Araújo Cruz , Ane Felice Frâncio de Medeiros , Leandro Melo de Sousa , Mônica Yumi Tsuzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.107029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global ornamental fish trade moves approximately 350 million specimens annually. While ∼90 % of freshwater species originate from aquaculture, the highest diversity still comes from natural environments, with less than 10 % captured from the wild. In Brazil, the management model for ornamental fish has evolved significantly over the past few years. Initially, a positivist framework allowed trade only for species listed in official regulations. Later, a more flexible “negativist” model was adopted, permitting trade of all species except those classified as threatened in the Official National List of Endangered Fauna Species. This work aimed to assess the effects of management on the trade of ornamental aquatic organisms (marine and freshwater) from 2008 to 2022 and examine how the flow of exportation has changed in Brazil. We analyzed descriptive statistics extracted from government online platforms (Comex Stat), legal documents from the Official Gazette of the Union, and interviews with productive sector representatives. Results indicated a 64.5 % decline in exports, driven by the absence of public policies and management strategies aligned with market realities. However, the 2020 regulatory reform, implemented despite the COVID-19 pandemic, contributed to recovery, with export values rising from US$1.31 million (FOB) in 2019 to US$1.51 million (FOB) in 2022, a 15.26 % increase. Most respondents indicated Asia (85.7 %), particularly China, as the main export destination. These findings highlight the importance of adaptive management tools to ensure the sustainable growth of Brazil’s ornamental fish sector, balancing biodiversity conservation with economic development and reinforcing the country’s role in international trade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Actors and action situations in fisheries management laws: A case study of South Korea 渔业管理法的行动者和行动情况：韩国个案研究

IF 3.7 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106997

Sojeong Kim

引用次数: 0