Marine Policy最新文献

Spatial footprint of maritime vessels in the waters of a fast-growing coastal megalopolis 快速发展的沿海特大城市水域中海上船只的空间足迹

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106739

Stephen D.J. Lang , Philip D. Doherty , Brendan J. Godley , Shing Yip Lee , Felix Leung , Manmohan D. Sharma , Kristian Metcalfe

{"title":"Spatial footprint of maritime vessels in the waters of a fast-growing coastal megalopolis","authors":"Stephen D.J. Lang , Philip D. Doherty , Brendan J. Godley , Shing Yip Lee , Felix Leung , Manmohan D. Sharma , Kristian Metcalfe","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal megalopolises are transportation gateways of the global economy, but marine traffic around these developed urban areas exerts considerable pressure on the environment. A key starting point in understanding how this pressure may impact marine species and ecosystems is to map the spatial footprint of maritime vessels. Using six years of vessel tracking data from 2013–18, we mapped fine-scale spatial (0.002°) and temporal (daily) distribution of marine traffic within the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) — a coastal megalopolis with the largest population (∼86 million) and second-largest economy of bay areas globally. Data indicates that on average, 5981 ( ± 1941 SD) unique vessels were active in the GBA daily. Space-use of both fishing and non-fishing vessels showed temporally consistent, persistent, and spatially-dense coverage, with 80 % of vessel traffic occurring in shallow water (0–20 m). Movement in such shallow water of the GBA likely results in increased rates of shoreline erosion, turbidity, noise pollution, and vessel collisions — posing a substantial threat to many regionally important marine species of conservation concern. Daily rates of disturbance in the GBA by non-fishing vessels were eight times higher than for fishing vessels, with some areas experiencing disturbance across more than 95 % of days in the study period. Our findings highlight how AIS data holds a wealth of information that takes considerable computing power to extract, so we make our processed datasets openly accessible to aid in future marine conservation planning and analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Japan’s law enforcement issues to combat illegal fisheries 日本打击非法渔业的执法问题

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106708

Yoshihiro Tanaka

{"title":"Japan’s law enforcement issues to combat illegal fisheries","authors":"Yoshihiro Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Japan’s Fisheries Act, which ensures the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other relevant treaties, stipulates regulations to deter illegal fisheries. Illegal fisheries undermine efforts to manage fisheries sustainably and conserve marine living resources, distort competition, and put legitimate fisheries at an unfair disadvantage. However, the legal analysis conducted in this article demonstrates that Japan’s fisheries-related laws have fundamental weaknesses in deterring illegal fisheries. Namely, they primarily protect the fishermen’s economic interests but mostly contain no provisions explicitly related to conserving marine living resources or marine ecosystems as a legal interest, and this orientation in the legislation has substantially guided the law enforcement: For example, monitoring is weak of illegal fisheries activities that do not directly infringe on fishermen’s economic interests even if they harm marine living resources or marine ecosystems, and severe sanctions are rare. These practices will not help conserve irreplaceable marine living resources or restore the marine ecosystems that are the basis of sustainable fisheries. Therefore, it is necessary to transform the legal structures of Japan’s fisheries-related laws to shift from undue emphasis on protecting fishermen’s economic interests to the conservation of marine living resources and marine ecosystems by explicitly referring to them as a legal interest. This change should make Japan’s law enforcement more effective in eradicating illegal fisheries with a view to achieving sustainable fisheries in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106708"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reeling in joy: Untangling the link between satisfaction and motivation in recreational fishing 在欢乐中徘徊：解开休闲钓鱼的满足感和动机之间的联系

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106742

Ali Jalali , Justin D. Bell , Harry K. Gorfine , Simon D. Conron

{"title":"Reeling in joy: Untangling the link between satisfaction and motivation in recreational fishing","authors":"Ali Jalali , Justin D. Bell , Harry K. Gorfine , Simon D. Conron","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recreational fishing holds substantial socio-economic importance as a popular leisure activity. Heightened attention has recently been drawn towards angler satisfaction and the significance of motivational factors. This study investigates aspects of satisfaction and motivation associated with recreational fishing in Port Phillip Bay, Australia. Among the largest and most diverse bays in Australia, it attracts numerous anglers and boating enthusiasts. We examined long-term satisfaction data collected through creel surveys at 20 boat ramps during 2013−2022. Our analysis considered avidity, demography, key species, policy changes and regulatory intervention. The importance of motivational factors in shaping angler satisfaction was also assessed. The findings underscored spatiotemporal trends in satisfaction levels, with lower ratings observed during the initial survey years likely due to conflict over commercial net fishing, subsequently phased out as policy shifted in favor of the recreational sector. Higher satisfaction was evident among younger and avid anglers, and those targeting calamari, whereas anglers targeting King George whiting reported the lowest satisfaction ratings, which some representative groups from the recreational sector attributed to commercial netting. The study highlighted the importance of intrinsic motivators such as relaxation and outdoor enjoyment which were significantly correlated with satisfaction, whereas extrinsic factors like competitive elements of fishing played a minimal role, although catching fresh fish for food was highly important. This study provides insights for policymakers and resource managers about why anglers go fishing and which factors affect the quality of their experience thereby helping to formulate policies that promote responsible angling practices in this important marine embayment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the horizon: Evidence of management deficiencies in UK offshore protected areas 超越地平线：英国近海保护区管理缺陷的证据

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106741

T. Bridier, H. Wauchope, J. Vad

{"title":"Beyond the horizon: Evidence of management deficiencies in UK offshore protected areas","authors":"T. Bridier, H. Wauchope, J. Vad","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Management effectiveness assessments are crucial to improve the quality of Protected Areas (PA), however, offshore ecosystems suffer from a lack of accessibility and funding and are under-evaluated. As a result, the status of UK offshore protected areas is unclear. Here we evaluate how effectively these are being managed using the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) which has never been applied to UK offshore protected areas. As bottom fishing is one of the primary threats to marine habitats and ecosystems, scores were evaluated in the context of bottom fishing restrictions. Overall, the management of the 76 UK PAs averaged 37.7 %, below global averages from previous studies. Across the four METT categories, PAs scored best in their ‘Design and Planning’; however, this did not translate into outcomes, with deficiencies in ‘Decision-making Arrangements’, ‘Delivery of PA Objectives’ and ‘Management Systems and Processes’. This raises concerns over whether these PAs are ‘paper parks’. Only larger and older PAs had significantly higher management effectiveness. Further, just 11 % of the total protected offshore area is strictly protected from bottom fishing and trawling. The deficiencies identified in this study are a result of both the original design and current management of the offshore PA network in the UK and signal the importance of solutions such as increasing integrated and adaptive management, implementing climate change and connectivity considerations and introducing buffer zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioural response thresholds for the assessment of noise impact on Antarctic marine mammal species 评估噪音对南极海洋哺乳动物影响的行为反应阈值

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106738

A.K. Darias-O’Hara , C.G. Booth , C. Erbe , S. Isojunno , V.M. Janik , K. Lucke , B. Southall , J. Tougaard , A.M. von Benda-Beckmann , U.K. Verfuss

{"title":"Behavioural response thresholds for the assessment of noise impact on Antarctic marine mammal species","authors":"A.K. Darias-O’Hara , C.G. Booth , C. Erbe , S. Isojunno , V.M. Janik , K. Lucke , B. Southall , J. Tougaard , A.M. von Benda-Beckmann , U.K. Verfuss","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing levels of anthropogenic noise in our oceans is concerning, especially in Antarctic waters where marine mammals are more naïve to sound sources, compared to those residing in industrialised ocean basins. Marine mammals are vulnerable to anthropogenic noise, due to their dependence on underwater sounds for their survival. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty stipulates that anthropogenic activities in Antarctic waters must be assessed in advance, for the comprehensive protection of the natural environment and its dependent ecosystems. There are few quantitative studies on the behavioural responses of Antarctic marine mammals. Furthermore, the absence of agreed upon thresholds for marine mammal behavioural responses has created difficulties in conducting impact assessments in a standardised manner. In instances where knowledge gaps persist amidst high priority management issues, the expert elicitation approach can be implemented to utilise an expert’s qualitative knowledge. This study elicited probability distributions of noise levels which would lead to a significant behavioural response, when received under specific acoustic exposure scenarios. The sound sources examined include vessels, research seismic survey activities and hydroacoustic research equipment. The expert judgements exhibited substantial variability amongst thresholds due to limited data on marine mammals in Antarctic waters, with low frequency cetaceans eliciting a threshold of L<sub>p</sub> = 137 dB re 1 µPa for vessel noise, compared to L<sub>p</sub> = 145 dB re 1 µPa for hydroacoustic research equipment. These thresholds are an initial tool in the assessment process, whilst guiding priorities for future research to quantitatively address this pressing management issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seychelles’ blue finance: A blueprint for marine conservation? 塞舌尔的蓝色金融：海洋保护的蓝图？

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106717

Alister Hunt , Ray Hilborn

{"title":"Seychelles’ blue finance: A blueprint for marine conservation?","authors":"Alister Hunt , Ray Hilborn","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both media and academia have described the Seychelles’ blue finance transactions as a blueprint for marine conservation, national development and financial innovation. The two blue finance transactions are the 2016 Debt for Nature Swap facilitated by The Nature Conservancy, and the 2018 Seychelles Blue Bond facilitated by The World Bank. These initiatives are widely considered to fund activities that improve oceanic health and develop the nation’s “blue economy.” Specifically, these transactions fund a marine spatial planning process that culminates in establishing sizeable marine protected areas. Substantial and broad claims have been made in the media and in published academic research for the effectiveness of these financial innovations. We found that sovereign debt was not reduced by these transactions and has not diminished since. The ‘debt for nature swap’ did not secure environmental protections beyond commitments already made by the Seychelles Government prior to the swap with the exception of some minor changes in artisanal fisheries regulations, but did fund a planning process for their implementation. The significant no-take area for industrial fishing will simply lead to relocation of fishing effort. The characterizations of these blue finance transactions in media and in published academic research differ significantly from their reality. SIDS that are struggling with high public debt loads should be aware that these transactions will increase public indebtedness to fund activities and structures that reduce sovereign control of oceanic resources through shared governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the role of private voluntary standards and initiatives in decarbonising shipping 重新审视私人自愿标准和倡议在航运脱碳中的作用

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106707

Nishatabbbas Rehmatulla , Kelly Schwarz , Fatemeh Habibi Nameghi

{"title":"Revisiting the role of private voluntary standards and initiatives in decarbonising shipping","authors":"Nishatabbbas Rehmatulla , Kelly Schwarz , Fatemeh Habibi Nameghi","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Private voluntary action and governance, referred to as ‘private standards’ have the potential to address social and environmental challenges such as climate change. Previous research on the role of private standards in decarbonising shipping showed that they suffered from low levels of transparency, ambition and data reliability, undermining the environmental effectiveness of the standards. In this study, content analysis revealed that the recently implemented private standards are more transparent, reliable, and ambitious than previous standards and interviews revealed the key drivers for this improvement. Interviews revealed the drivers for improvement include customer or stakeholder value chain pressure to be more environmental-friendly and the need for a shared reporting methodology. The involvement of neutral facilitators, diverse range of stakeholders, academic actors and science helped to improve the ambition and coverage of the private standards. The IMO’s GHG strategies have also been a catalyst for private sector action albeit at a collective level through private standards. However, a critical evaluation of these standards shows that there remain significant shortcomings and challenges in most of the standards across all three criteria. With the Revised IMO GHG strategy and the weak policy measures just agreed and set to be implemented in a couple of years, private standards have a greater responsibility for early and ambitious action to enable the sector’s transition during the emergence phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stakeholders' views on siting in-stream tidal energy projects in urban and remote communities in the United States 利益相关者对美国城市和偏远社区内潮汐能项目选址的看法

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106702

Lekelia Danielle Jenkins , Ezra Beaver

{"title":"Stakeholders' views on siting in-stream tidal energy projects in urban and remote communities in the United States","authors":"Lekelia Danielle Jenkins , Ezra Beaver","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developers have proposed many in-stream tidal projects, but few commercial-scale devices have moved beyond the planning stages to construction and testing. To better understand social impediments to pilot project siting, this comparative case study was conducted in urban Puget Sound, Washington and remote Iguigig, Alaska. Stakeholder interviews were coded to identify themes about project development. Providing local renewable energy, advancing science and technology, and environmental awareness were perceived benefits, while negative environmental impacts, conflicts with other uses, and unintended consequences were perceived concerns of tidal energy. The major themes were: 1) organizations influence siting in urban areas while residents influence siting in rural areas; 2) stakeholder groups cited the wellbeing of their members to justify their stances on in-stream tidal energy projects; and 3) project siting was more successful where there was a simple and uniform assemblage of stakeholders and views. Stakeholders in the smaller, more uniform community were the most supportive of in-stream tidal energy because of a greater need for energy due to fewer energy options. Thus, siting in remote communities could allow tidal energy development to progress in mutually beneficial ways and help states like Washington and Alaska achieve their renewable energy portfolio goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-resolution mapping of shark movements from drone footage at Queensland beaches improves risk assessment for beach safety 昆士兰海滩无人机拍摄的鲨鱼运动高分辨率地图提高了海滩安全风险评估

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106737

Maddison Cross , Jonathan Mitchell , Tracey Scott-Holland

{"title":"High-resolution mapping of shark movements from drone footage at Queensland beaches improves risk assessment for beach safety","authors":"Maddison Cross , Jonathan Mitchell , Tracey Scott-Holland","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shark interactions with water users can, on rare occasions, lead to shark bites. The sporadic nature of these events and their rarity has complicated efforts to understand the underlying causes, with many contributing factors implicated. Understanding shark presence and movement patterns near beaches is critical to developing a better appraisal of risk for shark bites. Recent advancements in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV, or drones) technology has provided new opportunities to observe and monitor sharks in coastal areas, offering real-time safety benefits and research insights. This research uses four years of data from the Queensland SharkSmart drone trial to investigate shark presence and movement behaviour at three beaches in Southeast Queensland. The research aimed to evaluate high-resolution shark tracks to analyse key metrics including proximity to shore and water users, time spent in the area and signs of active foraging. By bringing these and other data together, the study sought to develop a risk assessment matrix to inform risk to water users at these beaches and provide criteria to assist drone pilots decide when to evacuate beaches when risk is higher. Results showed that shark species, total length, proximity to water users and prey presence were key aspects determining the risk to water users associated with shark sighting events. Areas with abundant prey or near river mouths were more likely to attract potentially dangerous sharks. Understanding shark patterns at these beaches will facilitate predictions of higher-risk shark occurrences, thereby contributing to risk management and improvement of SharkSmart education for water users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106737"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marine strategy framework directive: A comprehensive cost assessment for the Italian seas 海洋战略框架指令：意大利海洋综合费用评估

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106715

S. Gallegati , S. Bianchelli , F. Marcellini , R.G. Boschetto , A. Capriolo , C. Corinaldesi , G. Giorgi , R.A. Mascolo , E. Nepote , A. Sagrati , R. Danovaro

{"title":"Marine strategy framework directive: A comprehensive cost assessment for the Italian seas","authors":"S. Gallegati , S. Bianchelli , F. Marcellini , R.G. Boschetto , A. Capriolo , C. Corinaldesi , G. Giorgi , R.A. Mascolo , E. Nepote , A. Sagrati , R. Danovaro","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2008, the EU launched the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) to protect European waters and achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) of marine ecosystems. The implementation of the strategy requires Member States to assess the costs associated with the realization of MSFD measures to determine their feasibility and cost-effectiveness. Here we conducted a comprehensive analysis along 8300 km of the Italian coastline, to provide a cost analysis of the 23 new measures proposed for the second cycle of MSFD implementation in Italy. We used “unit-transfer” methodology to estimate the costs of each measure, grouping them into three categories: a) prevention, b) management, and c) monitoring and control. The “management” group included 12 measures and accounted for 65 % of total costs, followed by the “monitoring and control” group (5 measures, 28 % of total costs) and the “prevention” group (5 measures, 7 % of total costs). One measure had a double goal, and its implementation was attributed both to “prevention” and “monitoring and control”. The cost of implementing all the measures in Italy is approximately € 1.5 billion (∼0.07 % of Italian GDP in 2023). These results provide, for the first time, comprehensive and detailed quantitative information useful for policy makers to enable efficient financial planning for future actions required to achieve the GES in marine ecosystems. The approach developed here could also serve as a standard framework for assessing the costs of future measures under the MSFD, providing a benchmark or a methodological term of reference for all interested EU Member States.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0