Marine Policy最新文献

{"title":"Uncertain United States seafood sustainability in a manufactured crisis","authors":"Halley E. Froehlich ,&nbsp;Jessica A. Gephart","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2025, the United States (U.S.) administration issued a new Executive Order (EO), <em>Restoring American Seafood Competitiveness</em>, intensifying efforts to deregulate the seafood sector under the guise of promoting domestic industry. Building on the 2020 EO (<em>Promoting American Seafood Competitiveness and Economic Growth</em>), the new policy and other disruptive governance actions mark a significant escalation in undoing federal regulatory frameworks, weakening scientific authority, and deemphasizing aquaculture development. This paper reflects on our first publication assessing the 2020 EO during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluates four major areas of comparative concern: (1) regulatory dismantling rather than reform, (2) largely ignoring aquaculture from the national seafood strategy, (3) persistent and deepened data and research infrastructure gaps, and (4) a continued mischaracterization and inconsistency of U.S. seafood sourcing and trade realities. In contrast to science informed management that enabled the recovery of many U.S. wild stocks, the 2025 EO and other actions reduce the role of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, threatens legal mechanisms for agency expertise (via <em>Chevron deference</em> repeal), and promotes ill-informed deregulatory timelines and actions (e.g., removal of marine protected areas). Aquaculture, the most regulated and underutilized sector, is also seemingly overlooked, despite its actual potential to help meet domestic seafood demand. Simultaneously, critical federal databases, climate-focused research, and inter-agency coordination mechanisms are being defunded or removed. Ultimately, weakening evidence-based governance structures and partnerships, as well as voluntarily inducing volatile trade dynamics jeopardize the ecological, economic, and food security benefits of a resilient seafood system, putting America last not first.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergies between underwater cultural heritage and biodiversity conservation in Iceland: Insights for achieving 30 × 30 targets","authors":"Ragnar Edvardsson ,&nbsp;Einar Hjörleifsson ,&nbsp;Guðbjörg Ásta Ólafsdóttir","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underwater cultural heritage (UCH), including shipwrecks, is increasingly recognized for its dual significance as both historical artifacts and ecologically valuable marine features. With the adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 30 × 30 framework, there is growing interest in exploring synergies between heritage conservation and biodiversity protection. Integrating UCH into 30 × 30 conservation goals requires a multidisciplinary approach that considers heritage laws, sovereignty, governance, planning, and associated risks. The current study specifically evaluates the potential of Iceland’s UCH sites for marine biodiversity conservation by analyzing heritage laws, public case records, and media reports. Additionally, vessel monitoring system (VMS) data reveal that Icelandic trawlers actively avoid well-documented wreck sites, suggesting an existing—though informal—form of protection. The findings underscore the need for improved site documentation, clearer policy communication, and stronger collaboration between cultural heritage and fisheries management authorities. Recognizing UCH sites as Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (OECMs) could enhance both heritage preservation and marine biodiversity protection by leveraging existing management actions and <em>de facto</em> conservation measures, ultimately contributing to a more diverse and resilient marine protected area (MPA) network in Icelandic waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing facilities or closing debates? Knowledge politics in sustainable aquaculture governance","authors":"Ellinor Bogen,&nbsp;Heidrun Åm","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2018, Tromsø municipal council adopted a resolution to only allow aquaculture operations in closed facilities that separate fish farming from ocean water. This is a radical proposal in the context of Norwegian aquaculture governance due to tensions between the industry’s key role in the economy and growing environmental concerns. The resolution sparked a heated public debate that resulted in an amendment in 2019, defining closed facilities as any facility with zero salmon lice, escapes, and pollution. In this article, we examine the discursive journey from the original resolution to the amended resolution. By mapping actors, issues, and arguments, we explore the controversy through the lens of knowledge politics to show actors’ claims to epistemic authority, including how they use, contest, and define authoritative knowledge. The analysis reveals three tendencies that contributed to the amendment of the resolution: 1) a polarisation of the debate in which knowledge also came to be seen as polarised, 2) a rhetorical shift leading to closed facilities becoming near synonymous with land-based facilities, 3) attempts to attack the credibility of publicly elected representatives. In the end, pens did not become closed, but the debate was. Surprisingly however, the debate did not become depoliticised, despite tendencies to turn the controversy into a technical issue requiring specialised expertise to comment on. Instead, the polarisation was exacerbated by attempts to introduce more knowledge and expertise. We argue that this adds important nuances to scholarly assumptions about the role of expertise in the depoliticisation literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the multidimensional well-being of small-scale fishers and tourism charter operators","authors":"Damaris A. Gil-González ,&nbsp;Manuel J. Zetina-Rejon ,&nbsp;Luis C. Almendarez-Hernandez ,&nbsp;Francisco Vergara-Solana","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A common management recommendation for achieving sustainable fisheries is to reduce fishing effort. While this measure is sometimes necessary, it can impact the livelihoods and well-being of fishermen. In response, small-scale fishers often choose to partially or fully shift their economic activities. This transition typically leads to providing tourism services in regions with high conservation interest, such as the Gulf of California. However, there are currently no studies examining how this economic shift influences the well-being of small-scale fishers. To evaluate this economic transition's impact on fishers' well-being, we estimated well-being indicators for fishermen and tourism service providers in the Bay of La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico—a region characterized by high fishing and conservation interest. We conducted surveys with small-scale fishers (n = 60) and tourism service providers (n = 44), complemented by public socioeconomic databases. Using indicators of development, poverty, inequality, and perception, we analyzed the multidimensional well-being of both groups. Our findings indicate that tourism service providers exhibit higher well-being conditions and lower poverty levels than small-scale fishers. However, no notable differences were found regarding inequality and self-perceived well-being. Canonical Variable Analysis was employed to explore differences between groups, revealing that seniority, type of fishing permit, age, and income were the most significant differentiating factors. The significant differences observed between groups and the higher well-being indicators for tourism service providers suggest that transitioning from fishing to tourism services could positively impact small-scale fishers’ well-being. Although the change of activity can be viable, in many cases, the benefits to well-being are marginal, and not all fishers possess the conditions necessary to facilitate this transition (e.g., age, experience, permits). Additionally, the indicators used demonstrated differences between groups, highlighting their potential utility for analyzing the well-being of fishers for other case studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will Indigenous co-management improve the outcome of the Gilbert Bay, Labrador MPA: Summary of the past and hopes for the future","authors":"Corey J. Morris ,&nbsp;John M. Green ,&nbsp;Khanh Q. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Curtis Pennell","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local residents identified Atlantic cod (<em>Gadus morhua</em>) in Gilbert Bay, Labrador as “bay-cod”, and that they were susceptible to overfishing when commercial fishing resumed along the Labrador coast in 1998 after a 6-year northern cod fishery moratorium. Through collaborative efforts among stakeholders, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) established the Gilbert Bay Marine Protected Area (MPA) in 2005 to protect this unique population of Atlantic cod. The important genetic diversity that the Gilbert Bay cod population provides to Atlantic cod at the species level is now well established, and the decision to protect this population within an MPA was a forward-looking decision in a climate-changing world. Unfortunately, despite protection, the cod population has significantly declined since establishment of the MPA. This has been accompanied by waning local support for the MPA. Since the MPA was established changes have occurred in the Gilbert Bay area, including the relocation of a fishing community located on the MPA boundary and reopening of the commercial northern cod fishery, that could influence the protected Atlantic cod population. Unfortunately, changes aimed at sustaining and rebuilding the MPA’s bay-cod population have not been part of fishery management actions. Ongoing socio-ecological changes however, may represent opportunities to rebuild the cod population as well as increase MPA support. The NunatuKavut Community Council (NCC) is currently working with DFO towards a co-management arrangement as part of the MPA management plan (2023–2025), and now co-chairs with DFO the MPA advisory committee. This is an important change, and local and/or Indigenous input in the context of shared management responsibility could lead to a rebuilding of the cod population and renewed public support. In this paper we briefly review (1) the history of the Gilbert Bay MPA in the context of north Atlantic cod, (2) scientific research and monitoring that measured abundance declines of Gilbert Bay cod, (3) causes of this decline, (4) the advice emanating from research provided to MPA managers, and the lack of management actions. We then consider (5) where Indigenous co-management may play an important role in helping to implement changes. Finally, we discuss forthcoming changes in the management structure of the MPA which could initiate rebuilding of the cod population as a social, ecological and economic asset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A supply chain analysis of artisanal billfish fishery along the Kenyan coast","authors":"Damaris Njeri Kinyua ,&nbsp;Dalmas O. Oyugi ,&nbsp;Andrew Wamukota ,&nbsp;U. Rashid Sumaila ,&nbsp;Sarah Ater ,&nbsp;Nelly Isigi Kadagi","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The billfish industry in the Western Indian Ocean is multi-sectoral, involving artisanal, commercial and recreational sectors, exploiting billfish for food, income, sports and cultural values. However, billfish catches in the region have been declining with a number of species considered overexploited. To address gaps in sustainable billfish fisheries management, and maximize socioeconomic benefits, we explained the flow of billfish artisanal supply chain in Kenya using a mixed methods approach comprising qualitative and quantitative data. Our aim was to understand the profile of the key players, the supply chain, strengths, challenges and opportunities. Our findings revealed that the socio-demographics of actors varied by age, gender and level of formal education. Whereas different value addition processes were recorded, billfish unit prices were influenced by the type of actors, seasonality and place. Additionally, limited capital, inadequate storage facilities, vessel and fishing equipment were major constraints. These constraints could be tackled through interventions such as financing and provision of advanced infrastructure to improve the supply chain and support livelihoods. Results from this study contribute to our understanding of billfish artisanal fisheries and provide critical insights on the supply chain that are beneficial in achieving equitable and sustainable billfish fisheries in line with national and regional conservation and fisheries management plans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embracing a new era of deep-sea mining: Research progress and prospects","authors":"Chang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Shu ,&nbsp;Siyuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Huiling Song ,&nbsp;Qi He","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the supply shortage of critical minerals for global green transition, exploring and exploiting deep-sea mineral resources has become imperative. However, there remains considerable concerns and controversies on deep-sea mining within the international community due to cognitive limitations. Sorting out the research of deep-sea mining scattered across multiple disciplines is urgently required to provide an in-depth understanding on deep-sea mining. This paper aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of the research progress on the connotation and characteristics, economic analysis, global governance, and policy instruments of deep-sea mining. It also clarified the major sustainability challenges of deep-sea mining in terms of environmental impacts, technology and governance. The future research directions are proposed to embrace the new era of deep-sea mining. This paper could help the industry and academia gain a scientific and comprehensive understanding of the current development status, research progress of deep-sea mining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106778"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning across borders: Establishing transboundary coordination in Maritime Spatial Planning in the North Sea Region – Lessons from the NorthSEE project","authors":"Xander Keijser ,&nbsp;Igor Mayer ,&nbsp;Hilde Toonen ,&nbsp;Jan P.M. van Tatenhove","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diversity and intensity of human activities in the North Sea region (NSR) and other maritime regions are increasing. This necessitates transboundary coordination at the sea basin level, which is required but yet insufficiently established. Through European co-funded projects, national policymakers, stakeholders, and scientists in MSP are enabled to develop transboundary coordination (TBC) mechanisms. TBC requires, alongside other factors, a form of social and policy learning between these actors in different countries. The NorthSEE project (2016–2022) was an example of such an EU-co-funded project and was aimed at enhancing coherence in MSP processes and plans across the NSR. This article examines the project’s key learning outcomes, the role of the MSP Challenge Simulation Platform in supporting these outcomes, and factors that enabled or constrained learning within the project. Data was collected during the project via document analysis, questionnaires from participatory stakeholder workshops, interviews with sixteen project participants and ten workshop participants, and observations. The study highlights that project participants have gained more insight into each other's planning systems, are able to contact each other more easily, and have initiated several follow-up initiatives. Furthermore, it shows that interactive and participatory tools, such as the MSP Challenge Simulation Platform, can contribute to individual and social learning by providing participants with instant feedback on their decisions. These learning outcomes have been influenced by various enabling and constraining conditions, including time, resources, and the differing levels of expertise and knowledge among project partners and participants. Assessing the broader societal impact remains a challenge and warrants further attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating socioecological and governance characteristics associated with marine mammal bycatch in the artisanal fisheries of central Chile","authors":"Jaime Matera ,&nbsp;Ellen Hines ,&nbsp;Maritza Sepúlveda ,&nbsp;María José Pérez-Alvarez ,&nbsp;Fernanda Barilari ,&nbsp;Stefan Gelcich ,&nbsp;Rodrigo A. Estévez ,&nbsp;Rebecca Lent ,&nbsp;Marcelo A. San Martín","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigated the incidences of marine mammal bycatch reported by artisanal fishers in six fishing coves from San Antonio to Quisco, central Chile, including socioeconomic aspects of the fishery that provide context to this important livelihood. A total of 153 semi-structured and unstructured interviews were conducted with artisanal fishers and their representatives. Responses indicate a low incidence of marine mammal bycatch in the local artisanal fishing sector and raise concern about the possibility of underreporting. In addition, interviews reveal the importance of fishing as a key source of economic and nutritional security for hundreds of thousands of Chileans, including the families of over 1600 registered artisanal fishers in the southern part of central Chile. Results also indicate that fishers have considerable distrust towards marine governance institutions, which may affect their willingness to participate in resource management and marine mammal bycatch reduction programs. Understanding the complexities of local artisanal fisheries and communities can allow for effective fishery management that considers both ecological and socioeconomic importance of artisanal fisheries, especially those that address the protection of protected species such as marine mammals, and the impact of policies on individual harvesters and their communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pathway to protect 30 % of coastal waters by 2030","authors":"Kristin D. Rechberger ,&nbsp;Juan Mayorga ,&nbsp;Mara Booth ,&nbsp;Enric Sala","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nearly 200 countries have committed to protecting at least 30 % of the global ocean by 2030 (30 ×30), a substantial increase from the current 8 % under some form of protection. However, there is no roadmap for achieving this global target. We find that achieving 30 % protection of territorial seas alone will require protecting an additional 1.68 million km² (∼188,000 coastal MPAs at an average size of 10 km²). Despite the proven benefits of coastal MPAs to nature and people, MPAs are not being established at the pace required to achieve the global target. We argue that three main obstacles to scaling coastal MPAs are lack of awareness, inadequate governance, and the wrong business models. Here we propose a novel cost-effective and scalable pathway that would enable and equip coastal communities around the world to establish and effectively manage their own local MPAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}