SDG attributes: A sustainability assessment framework for Brazilian ports

The maritime transport sector plays a vital role in Brazil’s economy, yet port sustainability remains a critical challenge. In response, this study develops and applies a sustainability index model specifically designed for the port sector, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 17). The model integrates 20 thematic dimensions and 84 indicators, enabling a quantitative assessment of port sustainability performance. It was applied to six Brazilian ports, representing 30 % of the country's cargo throughput in 2023. Results reveal that Ports B and E demonstrated the highest alignment with sustainability principles, particularly in partnerships (SDG 17) and responsible consumption (SDG 12). Conversely, significant gaps were identified in climate action (SDG 13) and clean energy adoption (SDG 7). The findings highlight strategic areas for improvement and offer a practical framework for decision-making and policy development within the port sector. By bridging operational practices and the global sustainability agenda, this model provides actionable insights to enhance governance structures and foster resilience in port operations. The study contributes to advancing sustainable maritime governance and offers a replicable tool for port authorities and policymakers aiming to align port development with international sustainability goals.