Sex Roles最新文献_第5页

Is Marriage Associated With Decreases or Increases in Sexism? 婚姻与性别歧视的减少或增加有关吗？

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01510-0

Nickola C. Overall, Emily. J. Cross, Chris. G. Sibley

{"title":"Is Marriage Associated With Decreases or Increases in Sexism?","authors":"Nickola C. Overall, Emily. J. Cross, Chris. G. Sibley","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01510-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01510-0","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examines whether a pivotal event central to gender relations—marriage—is associated with changes in sexism. Drawing upon a nationally representative study assessing sexist attitudes across 14 years, event-aligned piecewise latent growth models examined change in hostile and benevolent sexism (1) across the years prior to marriage, (2) within the year immediately post marriage, and (3) across the years following marriage (N = 1,615). Matching average trajectories established in prior research, hostile sexism and women’s benevolent sexism showed small declines across the years prior to marriage. Immediately post marriage, however, men’s hostile sexism and women’s hostile and benevolent sexism significantly increased from pre-marriage levels, before returning to declining trajectories across the following years. By contrast, men’s benevolent sexism was stable prior to marriage, did not change within the year immediately post marriage, but then significantly departed from the pre-marriage trajectory by declining across the years following marriage. These novel findings reveal that investigating meaningful life events provides new insight into the factors that may be associated with changes in sexism. The results also open new avenues to advance understanding of the relationship experiences and motivations that may reinforce and reduce sexist attitudes.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent Increases in Vegetarianism may be Limited to Women: A 15-Year Study of Young Adults at an American University 最近素食主义的增加可能仅限于女性：一项针对美国大学年轻成年人的 15 年研究

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01504-y

John B. Nezlek, Catherine A. Forestell

引用次数: 0

Stereotypes About Who is Affected by Eating Disorders Disadvantage Risk Perception for Black Girls and Women 关于哪些人受饮食失调影响的陈规定型观念不利于黑人女孩和妇女的风险认知

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01496-9

Miriam Clayton Erickson, Christopher Mellinger, Bernadette Park, Sona Dimidjian

{"title":"Stereotypes About Who is Affected by Eating Disorders Disadvantage Risk Perception for Black Girls and Women","authors":"Miriam Clayton Erickson, Christopher Mellinger, Bernadette Park, Sona Dimidjian","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01496-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01496-9","url":null,"abstract":"In three studies we examined whether four social identity characteristics (gender, race, age, and socioeconomic status) affect perceived risk of disorder development for eating and mood relevant behaviors. Women and girls are at greater risk of developing an eating disorder than men and boys. However, because the race of Black women and girls does not fit the prototypical image of a person with an eating disorder (ED), we hypothesized ED-related behaviors would be perceived as less concerning for them. Study 1 demonstrated robust stereotypes along all four identity dimensions (gender, race, age, and socioeconomic status) for perceived ED prevalence, and weaker stereotypes for depressive and anxiety disorders. In Study 2, identical ED-related behaviors were interpreted as riskier and less healthy when performed by a female or White target, relative to a male or Black target. Identity dimensions did not affect risk judgments for mood disorder behaviors. Study 3 replicated and extended these results. These findings suggest Black women and girls are at a disadvantage in the early identification of risk factors associated with ED development. This work responds to the call for culturally sensitive research on the effects of diverse identities on detecting and addressing body image problems and eating disorders.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender-Critical or Gender-Inclusive?: Radical Feminism is Associated with Positive Attitudes toward Trans* People and Their Rights 性别批判还是性别包容？激进女权主义与对变性人及其权利的积极态度有关

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01507-9

Emma Sarter, Peter Hegarty, Annalisa Casini

{"title":"Gender-Critical or Gender-Inclusive?: Radical Feminism is Associated with Positive Attitudes toward Trans* People and Their Rights","authors":"Emma Sarter, Peter Hegarty, Annalisa Casini","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01507-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01507-9","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying as a feminist and endorsing liberal feminist values are associated with positive attitudes toward trans* people and their rights. However, since the late 1970s, one branch of radical feminism has argued for a biological essentialist definition of binary gender categories. More recently gender-critical feminism has appealed to radical feminism when describing trans* rights as a threat to biologically-defined women’s politics and safety. To understand debates around the evolution of trans* rights, three studies (N = 502), examined the associations between diverse feminist perspectives and identifications, gender binary beliefs, and attitudes toward trans* people and their rights. Study 1 updated an existing measure of different feminist perspectives. Study 2 showed that endorsements of intersectional, and radical feminist perspectives were associated with positive attitudes toward trans* people and their rights. Study 3 revealed that both intersectional and radical feminist identifications were also associated with positive attitudes, whilst endorsing gender binary beliefs was associated with negative attitudes. These results challenge the assumption that support for trans* rights is inconsistent with either general feminist or specifically radical feminist positions and inform both debates around the evolution of trans* rights and existing tensions within feminist movements.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implicit and Explicit Sexist Attitudes Towards Women Drivers 对女司机的隐性和显性性别歧视态度

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01497-8

Jeremías D. Tosi, Fernando M. Poó, Carlos M. Díaz Lázaro, Rubén D. Ledesma

{"title":"Implicit and Explicit Sexist Attitudes Towards Women Drivers","authors":"Jeremías D. Tosi, Fernando M. Poó, Carlos M. Díaz Lázaro, Rubén D. Ledesma","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01497-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01497-8","url":null,"abstract":"Although women drivers engage in fewer risky behaviors and have a lower involvement in traffic accidents than men, there is a commonly held stereotype that they are bad drivers. To understand this perception, various psychosocial factors related to sexism have been studied. However, very little is known about sexist attitudes towards women drivers, especially when studied through implicit attitude models. The aim of this study was to understand implicit and explicit sexist attitudes towards women drivers. A sample of N = 104 participants from Mar del Plata, Argentina, completed a stimulus classification task using response times to measure implicit attitudes, and three self-reporting measures of explicit attitudes, ambivalent sexism, and control of prejudices. The results indicated more positive implicit attitudes and low explicit antipathy towards women drivers. No age differences were found, but gender differences were observed (i.e., women showed more positive implicit and explicit attitudes towards their own group). Implicit and explicit attitudes showed a moderate correlation with each other and were not associated with a concern with acting prejudiced scale. Hostile sexism was a predictor of sexist driving attitudes. The results are discussed in the context of previous evidence on sexism in driving and implicit attitude models.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“It Literally Makes Me Feel Harder to Kill”: A Qualitative Study of the Perceived Benefits of Recreational Martial Arts Practice Among Women Sexual Assault Survivors "从字面上看，它让我感觉更难杀人"：性侵犯女性幸存者对休闲武术练习益处的定性研究

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01495-w

Molly Higgins, Heather Littleton, Aja Zamundu, Michael Dolezal

{"title":"“It Literally Makes Me Feel Harder to Kill”: A Qualitative Study of the Perceived Benefits of Recreational Martial Arts Practice Among Women Sexual Assault Survivors","authors":"Molly Higgins, Heather Littleton, Aja Zamundu, Michael Dolezal","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01495-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01495-w","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual assault is a highly consequential public health issue associated with multiple mental health sequelae. Given the mental health impact of sexual assault, understanding the recovery strategies survivors utilize is critical. A growing body of work suggests that physical activity may represent a powerful recovery tool post-trauma. However, existing work has primarily focused on the benefits of yoga or cardio exercise. Martial arts may provide unique benefits to sexual assault survivors including increased self-defense self-efficacy, empowerment, and corrective experiences with trauma reminders. However, no extant research has examined the perceived benefits of recreational martial arts practice for sexual assault survivors. The current study utilized content analysis of responses to items assessing the perceived recovery benefits of martial arts among a sample of primarily cisgender women martial arts practitioners (n = 50) with sexual assault histories. Survivors described multiple recovery benefits to their practice. Some benefits described were similar to those associated with other forms of physical activity, such as access to social support, improved physical health, and improved well-being. Other benefits identified were martial arts-specific including survivors viewing martial arts practice as a tool to reclaim bodily autonomy, decrease perceived vulnerability to future sexual assault, and manage PTSD symptoms and triggers. Findings support the potential of martial arts as a powerful recovery tool for survivors. Future research should evaluate how martial arts practice can be structured to ensure that it is healing and empowering.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Gendered Influence of Cross-Gender Friends on the Development of Adolescents’ Gender Role Attitudes 跨性别朋友对青少年性别角色态度发展的性别影响

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01505-x

David Kretschmer

{"title":"The Gendered Influence of Cross-Gender Friends on the Development of Adolescents’ Gender Role Attitudes","authors":"David Kretschmer","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01505-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01505-x","url":null,"abstract":"Gender role attitudes have important implications at the individual, family, and societal levels, underscoring the importance of understanding their development. Although parents predominate in the socialization of gender role attitudes in childhood, the influence of friends increases during adolescence. In particular, cross-gender friends can provide unique insights and perspectives on another gender group, making them likely to shape gender role attitudes. However, empirical explorations of the link between gender role attitudes and cross-gender friendships have been rare. Furthermore, the few studies conducted have yielded ambiguous results and have struggled to separate the influence of cross-gender friends from a selection of such friendships based on gender role attitudes. This study addresses these limitations by using longitudinal social network models to assess the co-evolution of friendship networks and gender role attitudes among 3,194 youth (Mage = 15.2, SD = 0.67, 51% female) in German schools. The findings reveal that, after accounting for selection processes, boys with cross-gender friends develop more egalitarian gender role attitudes, while girls’ attitudes are unaffected by cross-gender friendships. These findings suggest that promoting cross-gender friendships among adolescent boys holds the potential to foster egalitarian gender role attitudes.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Double-Edged Sword or Outright Harmful?: Associations Between Strong Black Woman Schema and Resilience, Self-Efficacy, and Flourishing 双刃剑还是害人精？强烈的黑人女性模式与复原力、自我效能感和幸福感之间的关系

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01503-z

Natalie N. Watson-Singleton, Briana N. Spivey, Eden G. Harrison, Tamara Nelson, Jioni A. Lewis

{"title":"Double-Edged Sword or Outright Harmful?: Associations Between Strong Black Woman Schema and Resilience, Self-Efficacy, and Flourishing","authors":"Natalie N. Watson-Singleton, Briana N. Spivey, Eden G. Harrison, Tamara Nelson, Jioni A. Lewis","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01503-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01503-z","url":null,"abstract":"Black women embody self-determination and strength to overcome intersecting racism and sexism. This notion of strength has been operationalized as the Strong Black Woman (SBW) schema, and growing research on this schema has been mixed. Quantitative findings have largely connected this schema to negative health outcomes whereas qualitative work has revealed positive benefits of this schema. To further understand the complexity of this schema, we drew from a positive psychology framework to examine how this schema related to resilience, self-efficacy, and flourishing. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed with data from 178 young adult Black women (Mage = 20.48, SD = 1.38) who were recruited from a Historically Black College in the Southeastern region of the United States. Regression findings revealed that some characteristics (e.g., obligation to manifest strength, intense motivation to succeed) were positively associated with resilience, self-efficacy, and flourishing whereas others (e.g., extraordinary caregiving, emotional suppression) were negatively associated with these outcomes. Our results further complicate the role of the SBW schema in the lives of Black women and support the need for continued research on this topic.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gaming with a Feminist: Sexism and Perception of Sexist Incidents in Online Video Games 与女权主义者一起游戏：在线视频游戏中的性别歧视和对性别歧视事件的看法

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01506-w

Mariela Bustos-Ortega, Mónica Romero-Sánchez, Jesús L. Megías, Hugo Carretero-Dios

{"title":"Gaming with a Feminist: Sexism and Perception of Sexist Incidents in Online Video Games","authors":"Mariela Bustos-Ortega, Mónica Romero-Sánchez, Jesús L. Megías, Hugo Carretero-Dios","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01506-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01506-w","url":null,"abstract":"Video games remain a male-dominated environment where sexism persists. Although women make up almost half of the gamer community, they encounter gender discrimination, anti-feminist themes, and sexist attitudes within the community, especially when participating in online games. As a result, both sexism against women within online video games and how women’s participation is perceived by other gamers have become relevant for investigation. We conducted two experiments to examine how a woman gamer’s ostensible adherence to a feminist identity and the type of collective action for gender equality she participates in would influence perceptions of a sexist incident in an online video game. In Study 1 (145 women and 146 men), we randomly assigned participants to read a vignette about a woman gamer described as feminist or a regular gamer. In both vignettes the woman was subjected to sexist comments and we measured the extent to which participants blamed the woman for these comments. In Study 2 (168 women and 232 men), we manipulated the type of collective action for gender equality (normative vs. non normative vs. control) performed by a woman gamer who was described as a feminist and measured victim blame. In both studies we measured participants’ level of sexism toward women gamers. Results showed that participants who more strongly endorsed sexist attitudes against women gamers attributed more blame to the feminist woman gamer who was a victim of a sexist incident (vs. the regular woman gamer) and to a woman gamer who performed non–normative collective actions (vs. control). Both studies confirm the relevance of the interaction between sexist attitudes and gender-relevant characteristics of women gamers for victim blaming in sexist incidents. These findings are an important step towards understanding and addressing sexist experiences for women in online gaming.","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender Differences in the Implicit and Explicit Perceptions of Sport 体育内隐和外显认知中的性别差异

IF 3.8 2区社会学

Sex Roles Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-024-01499-6

Samira Sunderji, Ross M. Murray, Catherine M. Sabiston

{"title":"Gender Differences in the Implicit and Explicit Perceptions of Sport","authors":"Samira Sunderji, Ross M. Murray, Catherine M. Sabiston","doi":"10.1007/s11199-024-01499-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-024-01499-6","url":null,"abstract":"Most sports are constitutive of the masculine identity, and these explicit gender perceptions influence sport participation. Less is known about implicit gender perceptions in sport, which may be instrumental in redefining the narrative of gender stereotypes and sport participation. This study explored gender differences in the implicit and explicit perceptions of sport. A total of 187 adults (45.45% female; Mage = 32.62 years, SDage = 13.07 years) completed an implicit association task by sorting sport words from the Canadian Women and Sport ‘She’s Got It All’ campaign into gendered categories. Participants self-reported their explicit attitudes towards 10 campaign posters. Using independent sample t-tests, a moderate effect was observed for gender differences in implicit attitudes for sport. Men demonstrated significantly stronger implicit attitudes linking sport to masculine characteristics compared to women. Men reported significantly lower explicit positive attitudes for liking the posters, feeling motivated by them, and perceived relevance. Men and women did not differ on levels of uneasiness and self-consciousness. Results suggest that men maintain implicit gendered attitudes towards sport and report lower positive explicit attitudes to intentional gender equity media. Understanding the counterproductive role that men can play when enforcing stereotypical gendered sport beliefs is vital for advancing girls’ and women’s engagement in sport. ","PeriodicalId":48425,"journal":{"name":"Sex Roles","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0