A Longitudinal Study of Pubertal Timing and Tempo on Body Shame Among Young Adolescent Girls and Boys

Objectification theory posits that puberty is likely to be a critical stage for experiencing body shame. Past research on experiences during puberty has largely focused on the association between pubertal timing (i.e., the onset of the process of physical maturation and sexual development) and physical and/or psychological health problems among adolescent girls, whereas less research has considered pubertal tempo (i.e., the rate of physical maturation and sexual development during puberty) among girls and boys and its association with body image variables. Using growth curve models, the present study examined whether pubertal tempo and pubertal timing predicted body shame at three equidistant data collection time-points over a two-year period in a sample of 755 early adolescent boys and girls from Spain (377 girls and 378 boys; M_age = 11.49; SD = 0.67 at Time 1). Although participants, particularly boys, showed a decline in body shame in their transition to adolescence, early maturing girls (i.e., body hair, skin changes, breast growth, and menstruation) were especially vulnerable to experiencing body shame. Boys with a slower rate of pubertal change in body hair and facial hair (beard) growth were also vulnerable to experiencing body shame. Findings showed the different role that pubertal timing and tempo appeared to have among boys and girls in predicting body shame and, in line with the gendered deviation hypothesis, suggests important gender differences in experiencing atypical pubertal development for body image.