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Leaders and social norms: On the emergence of consensus or conflict 领导者与社会规范：论共识或冲突的出现
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106970
Juan I. Block , Rohan Dutta , David K. Levine
{"title":"Leaders and social norms: On the emergence of consensus or conflict","authors":"Juan I. Block ,&nbsp;Rohan Dutta ,&nbsp;David K. Levine","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a model where competing group leaders influence the social norm adopted in their group constrained by the norm being individually optimal for their members. Individuals are instrumental in enforcing such social norms through peer punishment. We show that there is a unique equilibrium in which there is either a consensus norm or two conflicting norms. A consensus norm is most likely in highly integrated societies, but even in these societies conflicting norms may emerge. Although the majority norm is generally the consensus norm, we characterize the conditions under which the minority norm is adopted as the consensus. In both types of equilibria conformists may not identify with the norm adopted by their group. We show that the intensity of conflict is increasing in the size of the minority group and decreasing in segregation. We also study the welfare and policy implications of our theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Images and norms 形象与规范
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106971
Evan Piermont
{"title":"Images and norms","authors":"Evan Piermont","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers an <em>image-conscious</em> decision maker (DM) who cares not only about the direct consequences of his actions, but also about how these actions can be psychologically rationalized—are his actions considered generous, patient, sophisticated, etc.? image-consciousness nests both shame-driven preferences (wanting to conceal information) and signaling (wanting to reveal information; e.g., conspicuous consumption). A specific type of image-consciousness is <em>norm driven behavior</em> whereby the DM derives additional utility whenever his choices are consistent with a set of prescribed norms. The notion of consistency determines the DM’s attitude towards information revelation. This paper axiomatizes the behavior of an image/norm concerned DM and identifies the DM’s value to inducing an image or adhering to a norm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of Maria migrants on the financial health of the residents of Central Florida 玛丽亚移民对佛罗里达中部居民财务健康的影响
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106909
Breno Braga , Diana Elliott
{"title":"The effects of Maria migrants on the financial health of the residents of Central Florida","authors":"Breno Braga ,&nbsp;Diana Elliott","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The arrival of climate migrants is expected to pose challenges for many communities in the coming decades. This study examines the financial impact of Puerto Rican migration on residents in receiving communities following Hurricane Maria. While migrants may compete for jobs or reduce access to governmental safety net programs, potentially weakening the financial health of local residents, they could also address labor shortages and boost local consumption, thereby stimulating the economy. Our findings show no evidence that Puerto Rican migration had an adverse effect on residents' credit health outcomes—such as credit scores and delinquency rates—even three years post-arrival. In fact, existing homeowners in Hispanic communities in Central Florida experienced improved financial well-being. We present suggestive evidence that these homeowners may have benefited from a modest increase in property values following the influx of migrants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reactance, rationalization, and women's rights for safe abortion: Evidence from Roe vs. Wade's overturn 对安全堕胎的抗拒、合理化和妇女权利：来自罗伊诉韦德案推翻的证据
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106956
Ghina Abdul Baki , Louis-Philippe Beland , Myra Yazbeck , Aline Zayat
{"title":"Reactance, rationalization, and women's rights for safe abortion: Evidence from Roe vs. Wade's overturn","authors":"Ghina Abdul Baki ,&nbsp;Louis-Philippe Beland ,&nbsp;Myra Yazbeck ,&nbsp;Aline Zayat","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the societal response to the overturning of Roe vs. Wade and its potential impact on abortion rights. We use data from Google Trends and Twitter engagement to comprehensively analyze public responses. Analysis of Google search trends and Twitter activity reveals a significant surge in public interest and concerns immediately following the news of the overturn. The findings demonstrate a clear polarization of sentiments, with expressions of both pro-choice and pro-life perspectives. Additionally, a heterogeneity analysis indicates that reactions vary among states, with states hostile to abortion rights exhibiting heightened negative sentiment. Overall, our findings highlight an intense but short-lived public reaction to the ongoing debate surrounding abortion rights, which may have broader social implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sharing rules in Bertrand duopolies with increasing returns 回报递增的伯特兰双寡头共享规则
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106968
Andreas Orland
{"title":"Sharing rules in Bertrand duopolies with increasing returns","authors":"Andreas Orland","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite their empirical relevance, increasing returns to scale are understudied in experimental markets. We use Bertrand duopolies with increasing returns to examine the effects of two sharing rules on collusive behavior and prices in a pre-registered experiment: the symmetric rule (where each of the two firms that set the same price serves half of the market demand) and the winner-takes-all rule (where a fair randomization device decides which of the two firms serves the entire market). We hypothesized that market prices would be higher under the winner-takes-all rule because it provides a collusion mechanism that the symmetric rule does not. While we find that subjects under the winner-takes-all rule coordinate more often on one price than the symmetric sharing rule, this does not increase market prices. Coordination on high prices is rare. Additionally, the winner-takes-all rule facilitates the subjects’ ability to coordinate on equal prices after sharing a market in the previous period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Altruism, human capital and environmental preservation in a globalized economy 全球化经济中的利他主义、人力资本和环境保护
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106940
Stéphane Bouché , Leonor Modesto
{"title":"Altruism, human capital and environmental preservation in a globalized economy","authors":"Stéphane Bouché ,&nbsp;Leonor Modesto","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes the impact of trade openness on education and environmental preservation choices in a two country model where both countries only differ in their shares of skilled workers. Parents may invest in their children’s education increasing their probability to become skilled and in maintenance investment in order to preserve present and future environmental quality. Under autarky, unskilled individuals in the skill scarce economy are unable to invest in education due to borrowing constraints. Moreover, only skilled individuals in both countries choose to invest in environmental preservation. Openness to trade modifies relative factor prices and increases pollution. This allows for human capital convergence between both economies but overall environmental quality decreases, suggesting a potential trade-off between income convergence at the global level and environmental preservation. In order to decentralize the optimal allocation under free trade, a social planner could implement a set of Lindahl prices together with an appropriate income redistribution policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shared lives, shared stress: Witnessing and spillover effects in spousal mental health interactions 共同的生活，共同的压力：配偶心理健康互动的见证和溢出效应
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106951
Dain Jung , Do Won Kwak , Kam Ki Tang , Myra Yazbeck
{"title":"Shared lives, shared stress: Witnessing and spillover effects in spousal mental health interactions","authors":"Dain Jung ,&nbsp;Do Won Kwak ,&nbsp;Kam Ki Tang ,&nbsp;Myra Yazbeck","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study examines the impact of significant events experienced by a partner on one’s mental health. It differentiates between the “witnessing effect” (direct observation of the partner’s events) and the “spillover effect” (mental health alterations mirrored from the partner). Contrary to past research, these effects are distinguished. We find that the strength of the witnessing effect varies by event type and gender, whereas the spillover effect is stable across events and genders. These findings highlight an oversight in previous research, which used exclusive partner events as instruments to estimate the spousal spillover effect without distinguishing it from the witnessing effect. The surprising finding of no gender bias in the spillover effect challenges the notion that women are more emotionally contagious. The findings suggest that the strong and gender-specific witnessing effect appears to outweigh the gender-neutral spillover effect in previous research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sexual orientation and financial well-being in the United States 美国的性取向和经济状况
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106967
Christopher S. Carpenter , Kabir Dasgupta , Zofsha Merchant , Alexander Plum
{"title":"Sexual orientation and financial well-being in the United States","authors":"Christopher S. Carpenter ,&nbsp;Kabir Dasgupta ,&nbsp;Zofsha Merchant ,&nbsp;Alexander Plum","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the relationship between financial well-being and sexual orientation using the Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking (SHED) data for 2019–2022. We document that sexual minorities (people who are lesbian, gay, and bisexual, or LGB) have significantly more difficulty managing financially than similarly situated heterosexual individuals—and this pre-dated the COVID-19 pandemic. Differences are found across a broad array of current and future financial well-being outcomes, including retirement savings, rainy-day funds, credit card and schooling debts, and the use of alternative financial services such as payday loans. Differences in partnership, financial assistance from parents, financial knowledge, and risk preferences cannot explain these differences. Instead, we document that some social vulnerabilities, such as exposure to discriminatory behavior and violence, are differentially experienced by LGB people, which may play a role. Our results demonstrate that despite considerable improvements in attitudes and policies over time, sexual minorities in the United States experience significantly more financial insecurity than previously understood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Institution formation in weakest-link games 最弱环节博弈中的制度形成
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106943
Alejandro Caparrós , Esther Blanco , Michael Finus
{"title":"Institution formation in weakest-link games","authors":"Alejandro Caparrós ,&nbsp;Esther Blanco ,&nbsp;Michael Finus","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the role of endogenous formation of institutions in overcoming coordination failures in weakest-link games with fixed neighborhoods. In our setting, institutions are weak and only form and make decisions by unanimity. Experimental results show that such institutions are formed and mitigate the coordination problem, raising equilibrium provision levels, but falling short of providing Pareto-optimal contributions. Given the multiplicity of Nash equilibria in weakest-link games, we consider several equilibrium refinements that allow for (small) errors by individuals. Without institutions, risk dominance and the Quantal Response Equilibrium (QRE) with (almost) perfectly rational agents select the worst equilibrium, while all equilibria are trembling-hand perfect and proper. With the possibility of forming an institution, all these concepts predict the Pareto-optimal equilibrium as the unique outcome. As we do not observe this outcome in our experimental results, only the Agent QRE model with bounded rationality can explain our data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Green technology adoption under uncertainty, increasing returns, and complex adaptive dynamics 不确定性、收益递增和复杂适应动态下的绿色技术采用
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106953
Sanjit Dhami , Paolo Zeppini
{"title":"Green technology adoption under uncertainty, increasing returns, and complex adaptive dynamics","authors":"Sanjit Dhami ,&nbsp;Paolo Zeppini","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider firms’ choices between a clean technology that benefits, and a dirty technology that harms, the environment. Green firms are more suited to the clean technology and brown firms are more suited to the dirty technology. We use a model derived from complexity theory that takes account of true uncertainty and increasing returns to technology adoption. We examine theoretically, the properties of the long-run equilibrium, and provide simulated time paths of technology adoption, using plausible dynamics. The long-run outcome is an ‘emergent property’ of the system, and is unpredictable despite there being no external technological or preference shocks. We describe the role of taxes and subsidies in facilitating adoption of the clean technology; the conflict between optimal Pigouvian taxes and adoption of clean technologies; the optimal temporal profile of subsidies; and the desirability of an international fund to provide technology assistance to poorer countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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