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The subsidy trap: Explaining the unsatisfactory effectiveness of hiring subsidies for the senior unemployed 补贴陷阱：解释为高龄失业者提供的雇用补贴效果不理想的原因
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106713
{"title":"The subsidy trap: Explaining the unsatisfactory effectiveness of hiring subsidies for the senior unemployed","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To extend the labour market participation of seniors, numerous countries provide subsidies to incentivise their recruitment or employment. Prior research demonstrates that the effectiveness of such subsidies is rather unsatisfactory, although the reasons for this inadequacy remain unclear. Therefore, we examined negative employer perceptions triggered by eligibility for such subsidies that might explain this disappointing effectiveness. To this end, we set up a vignette experiment in which 292 genuine recruiters assessed fictitious candidates on their hireability and underlying productivity estimations. These candidates differed experimentally in their eligibility for a hiring subsidy targeted at the unemployed aged 58 or over. Our results indicate that the subsidy has a negative effect on their hiring outcomes. This adverse effect is explained by negative perceptions that counteract the financial incentive. Specifically, the subsidised candidates signal lower physical and technological skills along with an augmented difficulty in hiring and labour inspection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of COVID-19 on the willingness to work in teams COVID-19 对团队合作意愿的影响
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106704
{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on the willingness to work in teams","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals’ willingness to work in teams, using an online experiment. We implement a setup where individuals can choose to work on a real effort task either individually or together with a partner through online interaction. We find that although working in a team is more profitable and participants also expect this, a large fraction makes a financially costly decision by shying away from teamwork. Moreover, participants primed with COVID-19 are less likely to self-select into teamwork in a dynamic setting with two team selection periods, with the effect coming mainly from the second selection period, after a random fraction of participants are exogenously assigned to teamwork. We find that in addition to COVID-19 salience, social confidence, the willingness to socialize, and prior exposure to teamwork are significant predictors of the decision to join or avoid socially interactive work environments. Our findings provide insights into the potential impact of the pandemic on social interactions in a work setting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Daily temperature and sales of energy-using durables 日气温与耗能耐用品的销售量
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106703
{"title":"Daily temperature and sales of energy-using durables","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decisions with significant and long-lasting consequences can be influenced by conditions at the moment of choice, such as weather. Using administrative data from an online retailer, we examine whether temperature and other weather variables affect the search and purchase of energy-using durables, namely, air conditioners (ACs) and dryers. We observe more sales of ACs on hot days and fewer sales of dryers on hot, windy days. We find no impact for appliances whose usefulness is not affected by the weather. For AC, weather-induced searches and purchases are in lower-efficiency energy classes. Product search data allow us to look into the process leading up to purchase. Prospective AC buyers search less intensively when the temperature is higher, and the opposite holds for buyers of dryers when temperature and wind speed increase. Models of memory and attention can explain these behavioral patterns. Understanding these dynamics is important for designing adaptation and mitigation policies, given the energy needs of cooling technologies and their increased demand and usefulness in a rapidly warming world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robots and immigration 机器人与移民
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106708
{"title":"Robots and immigration","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Changes in local labor supply may affect robot adoption by firms. We test this hypothesis by exploiting an increase in the number of workers and a change in the local workforce composition induced by exogenous immigration into Danish municipalities. Using the Danish employer-employee matched dataset over the period 1995-2019, we show in a shift-share regression that a larger share of non-Western immigrants in a municipality leads to fewer robot adoptions at the firm-level. Several demographic characteristics, including prime age and low skill level, make immigrant workers particularly substitutable for robots. As many advanced economies are facing labor shortages, this paper sheds light on the future of robotization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124003147/pdfft?md5=408c6ee51f7a63c889c50a86853284c2&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124003147-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does redistribution affect cooperation and trust? 再分配是否会影响合作与信任？
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106694
{"title":"Does redistribution affect cooperation and trust?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We experimentally investigate the degree to which redistribution, the act of taking money from some individuals and giving it to others, affects social capital in groups. We measure social capital as the degree to which group members exhibit cooperativeness, trust and trustworthiness toward one another. Our experiment involves several rounds of real-effort production, in which we vary the degree to which individual income is redistributed at the end of each round according to either progressive or regressive redistributive policies. We find no statistically significant impacts of such experience with redistribution on any of our primary measures of social capital. Exploratory work considering heterogeneous impacts by relative income positions and using alternative measures of social capital also yields no reliable impacts. We observe some impacts of redistribution on productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124003007/pdfft?md5=13147c45950ed8933c9182eca2ed4d6b&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124003007-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Masks, cameras and social pressure 面具、摄像机和社会压力
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106699
{"title":"Masks, cameras and social pressure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we report the results of two experiments that randomise the share of individuals who are taking an action in subjects’ immediate environment. Despite the differences between our two settings (face masks and online camera use), we uncover some empirical results that are common to both. First, we find that the share of individuals taking the relevant action is increasing in the share of others who take the action (although the relationship need not be linear). Second, and despite this, we find that many individuals nonetheless defy social pressure. Our results point both to the importance of social pressure as well as its very real limits in our settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human capital and black-white earnings gaps, 1966–2019 人力资本与黑人-白人收入差距，1966-2019 年
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106707
{"title":"Human capital and black-white earnings gaps, 1966–2019","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper estimates the contribution of human capital, measured using educational attainment and standardized test scores, to Black-white gaps in labor market outcomes in three separate samples of both men and women spanning the period from 1966 through 2019. There are three main findings. First, the magnitude of the reduction in the earnings gap that occurs after controlling for education and test scores has become much larger over time, suggesting a growing contribution of these traits to Black-white earnings disparities. Second, growth in the explanatory power of education and test scores has been primarily due to increases in the association between these traits and the likelihood of non-work, with no clear increases for hourly wages or other intensive earnings margins. Third, in most cases these trends are due to changes in the <em>returns</em> to the human capital traits, rather than changing racial gaps in the human capital traits themselves. These main findings apply qualitatively to both men and women. However, the magnitude of attenuation is much larger for women than for men, and conditional racial gaps in labor market outcome among women are often close to zero. Evidence suggests that this parity between Black and white women conditional on education and test scores is not primarily due to sample selection. Overall, the paper’s findings highlight how structural developments in the US labor market, such as increasing returns to skill and changing labor force participation rates by skill level and gender, have had disparate impacts across racial groups despite being race-neutral on their face.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electoral competition, electoral uncertainty and corruption: Theory and evidence from India 选举竞争、选举不确定性和腐败：印度的理论与证据
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.018
{"title":"Electoral competition, electoral uncertainty and corruption: Theory and evidence from India","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we study the effect of electoral competition on corruption when uncertainty in elections is high, as is the case in many developing countries. Our theory shows that in such a context high levels of electoral competition may have perverse effects on corruption. We illustrate the predictions of the model with village level data on audit-detected irregularities and electoral competition from India. Our results imply that accountability can be weak in such contexts, despite high electoral competition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of populations’ behavioral traits in policy-making during a global crisis: Worldwide evidence 全球危机期间人口行为特征在政策制定中的作用：全球证据
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.040
{"title":"The role of populations’ behavioral traits in policy-making during a global crisis: Worldwide evidence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Substantial heterogeneity in behavioral traits has been observed across human societies, which have been linked to important differences in individual as well as societal outcomes. In this paper, we complement the existing literature by investigating the role of key behavioral traits, i.e. risk-taking, patience, altruism, and trust, at the population level in the design of new policies and institutions during an unexpected global crisis. Combining granular data on policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis with several pre-pandemic survey measures of behavioral traits in 109 countries, we observe robust relationships of significant magnitude. In particular, our findings underline that countries with higher levels of trust tended to respond later to the crisis; while populations that are patient, altruistic, and trusting are more likely to implement stringent policies in the medium and long-term. These results improve our understanding of how countries deal with global crises. They also supply an explanation for the lack of coordinated response at the international level during such events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124002580/pdfft?md5=922539e90d52b77277de8334f8794b19&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124002580-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International sanctions and emigration 国际制裁和移民
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106709
{"title":"International sanctions and emigration","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this first statistical analysis of how international sanctions affect international migration, we apply two estimation strategies, a panel difference-in-differences model and an event study approach. Our dataset covers 79,791 dyad-year observations, reflecting migration flows from 157 origin countries to 32 industrialized destination countries between 1961 and 2018. We find that UN and joint EU-US sanctions increase emigration from target countries by around 20 percent. Our event study results for joint EU-US sanctions imply a gradual increase in emigration throughout a sanction episode. The impact of UN sanctions on international migration is smaller and less persistent. Moreover, the effects are driven by target countries with limited freedom of political expression, where emigration substitutes for the costly voicing of dissent. Finally, there appear to be no systematic gender differences in the migration effect of sanctions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268124003159/pdfft?md5=8d7d25d47740b45d29ee6929b88746ad&pid=1-s2.0-S0167268124003159-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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