Cities最新文献

{"title":"Capturing what statistics miss: Mapping unsafe places and victimization experiences in the City of Granada, Spain","authors":"Carmen Lizárraga ,&nbsp;Isabel Castillo-Pérez ,&nbsp;Alejandro L. Grindlay","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research assesses safety perceptions and maps unsafe places and victimization experiences of both women and men university students in public spaces throughout Granada city, Spain. Survey data from 383 participants were analyzed, with 413 unsafe places mapped. Statistically, significant gender disparities were found, with women reporting greater insecurity, particularly at night, and experiencing higher frequencies of victimization, notably sexual violence. Spatially, the innovative Perceived Insecurity Points Score (PIPS) emphasizes findings by integrating environmental factors (EF), social factors (SF) and victimization experiences (V), offering a comprehensive assessment of how these factors overlap and influence individuals' experiences. Men identified significantly fewer unsafe locations than women, with only a third acknowledging their existence. Meanwhile, women reported a higher frequency of victimization incidents, particularly involving sexual harassment. The work captures what is often overlooked in official statistics: broader forms of unwanted behavior pose a significant threat to women, extending the shadow of the “hypothesis of sexual assault”.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105501"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"City profile: Transformations and challenges of São Paulo's historic triangle","authors":"Sayed Abdul Basir Samimi ,&nbsp;Artur Rozestraten ,&nbsp;Beatriz Piccolotto Siqueira Bueno","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unlike other American megacities, São Paulo's financial and administrative center has shifted multiple times, specifically four times over the last century. These shifts have significantly affected the city's former centers. This study examines the transformation of São Paulo's original center, the Historic Triangle, where layers of urban development that rapidly overlaid in the 20th century led to the demolition of historic buildings and verticalization. The shift of centrality subsequently caused the decay of this historic center. Despite the decline in its financial and administrative importance, the Historic Triangle remained a valuable site for its architectural heritage, though its cultural landscape and imageability are at risk. The data for this study was gathered from site surveys, historical maps, and experts' opinions and was analyzed using GIS and SPSS. An original 3D video was produced to illustrate the transformation and rapid verticalization of the Historic Triangle. To address the complex architectural landscape, the existing buildings are categorized into three generations: 1^stG (oldest), 2^ndG (transitional), and 3^rdG (newest). We examined each category's façade details, building design, and urban integration and provided recommendations for conservation measures and policies to preserve the site's historical integrity and enhance its new role as a tourist heritage center.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105529"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does geographical environment affect residents' perception of social justice: An empirical study from low-income communities in Beijing","authors":"Lei Kang ,&nbsp;Caicai Liu ,&nbsp;Xuankai Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the transition to a market-oriented economic system and the transformation of social structure, urban society has undergone significant spatial differentiation, leading to a deepening divide between the rich and the poor. This has caused issues like social exclusion and spatial isolation to become increasingly prominent, which in turn, limit the harmonious and orderly development of cities. As Beijing's goal to become a “world-class harmonious and livable city” accelerates, there has been a growing focus on ensuring social justice satisfaction for residents in low-income communities. This focus has translated into more attention being paid to spatial equity in residents' living environments. Employing a mixed-methods approach with multi-level regressions to understand the nuanced interplay between urban geography and social equity, where depend variable was subjective questionary from low-income communities in Beijing (2017), the independent variables were geographical factors. Using research data from typical low-income communities in Beijing (2017), our study integrated theories from geography and sociology to examine the spatial equity of the living environment. We then empirically analyzed the impact of geographical environment and objective conditions on residents' perception of social equity in low-income communities. Our findings indicate that there are significant differences in the level of social justice perception among residents across different types of communities. The upscale community with better community environment is not consistent with the evaluation of higher perceived justice. Furthermore, service facilities, employment accessibility, and built environment all influence individual satisfaction with social justice to varying degrees. There is also a moderating effect of living environment satisfaction on social justice perception in low-income communities, with residents' socioeconomic attributes influencing their level of social justice satisfaction. This research contributes to the broader understanding of spatial equity in urban development, highlighting the pivotal role of geographical factors in shaping perceptions of social justice. These insights are crucial for policymakers and urban planners striving for more equitable urban development in rapidly growing cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105531"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering house prices by integrating street perceptions with a machine-learning algorithm: A case study of Xi'an, China","authors":"Lin Luo ,&nbsp;Xiping Yang ,&nbsp;Junyi Li ,&nbsp;Yongyong Song ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive understanding of house prices and their factors provide insights into the demand for housing while helping policymakers implement measures to manage the housing market. Traditional studies either focus more on linear relationships and ignore complex, non-linear influences or consider neighborhood amenities but lose sight of the streetscape. This study aims to enrich the literature by integrating street-perception characteristics with an interpretable machine-learning technique for modeling house prices. Specifically, street-view images were semantically segmented to quantify street-perception characteristics from five perspectives: greenness, openness, enclosure, walkability, and imageability. By combining the determinants of community attributes and living convenience, 17 explanatory variables were fed into a gradient-boosting decision tree (GBDT) model to estimate housing prices. The results reveal that the model significantly outperforms the linear model (R² increased by 47.87 %). Additionally, an improvement of 26.15 % (R²) was observed when street-perception characteristics were incorporated. Moreover, complicated non-linear relationships and interaction effects are discussed by visualizing partial dependence plots (PDPs). These findings offer nuanced guidance for improving the neighborhood environment to promote urban equity and develop a sustainable housing market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105542"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The attraction gradient of urban functions: How does functional mix at multiple scales predict urban vitality","authors":"Jishan Duan ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Lun Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>What determines urban vitality has been a key research topic for urban planning and management since Jane Jacobs. Recently, statistical examinations of the relationship between the urban environment and vitality have become possible, facilitated by the availability of human positioning big data and fine-grained built environment data. However, existing studies tend to oversimplify the spatial impact of urban environmental factors, focusing solely on immediate surroundings. Due to people's trip chaining and exploration behavior, a place's functions can have a “spill-over” effect across the urban space. This study, therefore, aims to investigate such “attraction gradient” of urban functions to better understand the spatial relationship between urban vitality and its influencing factors. The study uses mobile phone and point-of-interest data from Beijing and Chengdu, China, to model the relationship between a place's vitality and urban functions in different distance bands. We find that, when counting from a place, urban functions within five kilometers significantly predict urban vitality, whereas beyond five kilometers, their contribution is marginal. Daytime and nighttime attraction gradients also differ. This study offers insights into the spatial relationship between urban function and vitality, enhancing our understanding and modelling of urban vitality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105516"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining urban waste management: Addressing social, climate, and resource challenges in modern cities","authors":"Jutta Gutberlet ,&nbsp;Torleif Bramryd","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Governments worldwide are seeking better solutions for solid waste management. Thermal treatment projects are presented as quick fixes for rising waste challenges, without addressing the limitations of incineration. Currently, there is a rise in proposals for thermal treatment technologies in developing countries. Scrutiny of the risks and impacts of these alternatives is necessary due to social, climate, and resource considerations. Energy from waste incineration is considered fossil energy since about half of the CO₂ emissions come from fossil polymers in the waste. From a sustainability perspective, landfilling is a short-term option for materials currently unsuitable for recycling. Landfills act as bioreactors, producing valuable biogas, and serve as “resource banks,” storing unrecyclable resources until better recycling techniques are developed. In developing countries manual labor is abundant and material sorting and landfilling are more valuable and have a lower climate and resource footprint. This paper offers a novel, integrated perspective of waste management in view of poverty reduction, climate change and resource conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105553"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can urban populism democratize the city? The Tel Aviv-Jaffa 2008 municipal elections and their aftermath","authors":"Omri Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How do cities become more democratic? While some view local government as harboring greater democratic opportunities than the state, others identify local obstacles that inhibit democratization. Building on ideas of democratic populism, this article contributes to existing research on the right to the city by demonstrating how the construction of “an urban people,” and rhetoric and practices of urban populism can push for local democratization. Empirical analysis of the Tel Aviv-Jaffa 2008 municipal elections and their aftermath reveals that defining and engaging with a notion of the city's “ordinary people” can serve to further urban democracy. Four mutually reinforcing levels of transformative populism are identified: transformation of discourse, participation, rules of the game, and policy. The findings of this study suggest that democratically transforming discourse faces less resistance from local elites than transforming participation, the rules of the game, and policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105524"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of economic growth target on the urban–rural income gap in China: An empirical study based on the urban bias theory","authors":"Dongsheng Yan ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Pingxing Li ,&nbsp;Chonggang Liu ,&nbsp;Yongjin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban–rural imbalance is a common phenomenon, and its prominent manifestation is the sustained expansion of the urban–rural income gap. For emerging countries, this gap encountered during the development process should be addressed by promoting development, which also puts forward high requirements for economic management. Inspired by political economy theory and the widening urban–rural income gap in China, this study constructs a theoretical framework of “purpose-behavior-performance-structure” based on the urban bias theory, and then quantitatively examines the effect of economic growth target on the urban–rural income gap based on panel data at the provincial level. In addition, we explore the mechanism by which economic growth targets affect the urban–rural income gap with the mediating effect model, and investigate the impact of marketization and spatial structure on the relationship between economic growth targets and urban–rural income gap with the moderating effect model. The results show that the economic growth target significantly contributes to the widening urban–rural income gap in the face of the political promotion incentives and economic growth target accountability system, and this effect exhibits substantial spatiotemporal heterogeneity. In addition, fiscal expenditure, fixed asset investment, and labor mismatch under urban bias are important mechanisms that lead to the widening urban–rural income gap, and the marketization level and spatial structure significantly affect this relationship. We put economic growth management, urban bias, and urban–rural income gap into the “purpose-behavior-performance-structure” theoretical framework, which provides a new explanatory perspective for understanding the urban–rural income gap in emerging economies, and new policy insights for rational economic growth management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105518"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investment and crime on residential street segments: Assessing the moderating role of neighborhood characteristics","authors":"Marie Skubak Tillyer ,&nbsp;Arthur Acolin ,&nbsp;Rebecca J. Walter","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research suggests that investment in the form of structural home repairs, new construction, and home renovation is associated with crime reductions in residential areas. The current study examines how the relationship between investment and crime on residential street segments is moderated by neighborhood characteristics using longitudinal data from six large U.S. cities to better understand how investment strategies can be targeted to maximize public safety benefits. We estimate spatial Durbin models with street segment and census tract by year fixed effects to examine the effects of one measure of direct investment, building permits, on changes in crime at street segments and the extent to which such effects vary by census tract-level concentrated disadvantage, residential stability, median housing values, percent non-White, percent foreign-born, and population density. Findings reveal a significant negative relationship between permit activity and changes in crime in all cities. With few exceptions, effects were strongest among segments in the densest neighborhoods with the highest percentage of foreign-born residents where concentrated disadvantage is high and residential stability and median home values are low. The moderating influence of the racial and ethnic residential population varied across cities. We discuss implications, including avoiding unintended consequences associated with investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105492"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How care infrastructures support distance and connection in community welfare organisations: Learning from COVID-19 lockdowns","authors":"Emma Mitchell ,&nbsp;Kathleen Mee ,&nbsp;Emma R. Power ,&nbsp;Ilan Wiesel","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coronavirus pandemic forced local support services in marginalised communities to adapt how they operated at the same time as demand for assistance soared. Social distancing restrictions brought into sharp relief the infrastructural dimensions of social care and support services and networks that are often backgrounded in day-to-day practice. A shadow care infrastructures lens looks purposively at care infrastructures that are not readily seen or acknowledged in dominant welfare discourse and research (Power, Wiesel, Mitchell, &amp; Mee, 2022). Taking this analytic lens as our starting point, in this paper we explore how relations of care were reconfigured by the shift to remote care delivery during Covid-19 lockdowns and beyond. The challenges of providing care during lockdown reveal the complex interplay between distance and proximity in care relations and practices and the possibilities for doing care differently. The paper draws primarily on in-depth interviews with paid and voluntary supporters across a diverse range of care organisations servicing two Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Central Western Sydney. A gateway region for new migrants west of the population centre of Sydney, it was one of the areas worst affected by the outbreak of the Delta variant of Covid-19 in 2021. The paper reflects on the potential longevity of pandemic care practices as cities learn to live with Covid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105453"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}