Cities最新文献

{"title":"Lubumbashi and cobalt: African city at the crossroads of global decarbonization and neocolonialism","authors":"Brandon Marc Finn ,&nbsp;Patrick Brandful Cobbinah","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lubumbashi is the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo's (DRC) southernmost province of Haut-Katanga,<span><span>¹</span></span> and it lies at the crossroads of global decarbonization and neocolonialism. Drawing on our research in the Copperbelt region of the DRC, we present an analysis that serves to unsettle urban theory by placing Lubumbashi at the center of historical geopolitical events over the 20th and 21st centuries. The city's centrality to geopolitics remains today, as Lubumbashi is the headquarters for major mining companies extracting copper and cobalt – minerals essential to decarbonization. We tie Lubumbashi's historical urban development to the region's immense natural resources and extractive potential. We show that the human rights abuses associated with contemporary cobalt mining, such as child labor, social displacement, and structural marginalization, are new forms of old colonial practices. We aim to encourage an expansive critical imagination in urban planning and geography that invites theorizing the history and global significance of understudied African cities,which are central to but often silent within analyses of global capitalism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105521"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial advantages of highly educated individuals in Germany: Is sustainable mobility an expression of privilege?","authors":"Sarah George ,&nbsp;Katja Salomo ,&nbsp;Marcel Helbig","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To effectively combat climate change it is crucial to encourage daily environmentally friendly behaviour across large parts of the population. This includes daily mobility behaviour, since private transport is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse emissions. Previous studies suggest that highly educated individuals exhibit more environmentally friendly mobility behaviour, a fact that is usually explained by their higher environmental awareness. We instead explore the extent to which this behaviour is driven by their socio-spatial advantages. We use comprehensive data on daily mobility: our analytical sample includes 16,419 journeys from 4168 individuals in 2002 and 102,774 journeys from 26,036 individuals in 2017. The data is representative of German residents in large cities aged 18 to 59. We employ multilevel OLS regression, logistic regression, and fractional multinomial logit models to analyse changes in travel patterns among highly educated individuals over time. Our findings reveal that university graduates tend to reside not only more often in large cities but in the most central neighbourhoods within these areas, leading to shorter daily travel distances. Consequently, their daily journeys take less time and they are able to use slower, more sustainable mobility options when commuting, running errands, or engaging in leisure activities without incurring higher travel time costs than other groups. Our results highlight the importance of addressing residential inequalities as a key step in enabling a broader population to adopt sustainable lifestyles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105507"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do enhanced school zone policies improve pedestrians' safety? A deep learning-based case study of Osan City, South Korea","authors":"Zhixiong Jin ,&nbsp;Wonjun No ,&nbsp;Byeongjoon Noh","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effectiveness of strengthened penalty policies in South Korean school zones by analyzing the changes in road users' behaviors, focusing on pedestrian-vehicle interactions. This study employed three surrogate safety measurements: vehicle speed, Pedestrian Safety Margins (PSM), and Predicted Collision Risk (PCR) level. The comprehensive analysis covers a spectrum of behaviors, from simple to complex, assessing the policy's impact in urban environments. The findings reveal several important insights. First, the policy enforcement resulted in a positive impact on vehicle speeds, with average speeds aligning with posted speed limits. Second, an increase was observed in yielding behaviors, particularly in school zones. However, much of this behavior appeared to be cosmetic, emphasizing the need for more safety-oriented yielding practices. Finally, the policy enforcement had a mixed impact on PCR levels, with a reduction in danger levels in school zones, yet an unexpected increase in danger levels in non-school zones. This study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of strengthened penalty policies in school zones, particularly the development of a safe and sustainable urban environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105505"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Government-led regional integration and economic growth: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of urban agglomeration development planning policies in China","authors":"Lin Guo ,&nbsp;Maogang Tang ,&nbsp;Yuming Wu ,&nbsp;Shuming Bao ,&nbsp;Qingshan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite urban agglomeration plays a pivotal role in bolstering economic growth in developing countries, the specific mechanism of government-led regional integration in China impacting this growth has been understudied in the literature. This study innovatively uncovers such intricate mechanisms particularly focusing on industries and urban functions division, diversified agglomeration externalities, and urban network externalities within China's urban agglomerations. Our holistic framework integrating cooperation, sharing, matching, and learning mechanisms offers insights into their synergistic impact on economic growth. Drawing upon a quasi-natural experiment of urban agglomeration development planning policies in China, we employed a multi-period difference-in-difference model to examine the impact and underlying mechanisms of regional integration on economic growth. The robust benchmark outcomes reveal that government-led regional integration can notably promote urban economic growth. These promotion effects differ in terms of urban administrative level and the quantity and quality of central cities within urban agglomerations. Mechanism analysis findings illustrate that government-led regional integration can facilitate industries and urban functions division, foster diversified agglomeration and urban network externalities that, in turn, stimulate regional economic growth. Ultimately, we recommended that policymakers should intensify efforts to advance regional integration by enhancing common physical and institutional infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105482"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of the city centre to its surroundings: Correlations between urban spatial structures and inhabitants' frequency of city-centre visits in four Norwegian cities","authors":"Oddrun Helen Hagen","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many cities seek to strengthen their city centre, and this paper contributes valuable insights for planners and decision-makers in this quest. Taking a comparative case-study approach, the study examines the assumed causal relations between urban spatial structures and the frequency of city-centre visits in four Norwegian cities with 22,400–56,000 inhabitants. The survey data show that many inhabitants visit the city centre once or more per week. The cross-case and context-sensitive case-by-case analyses shed light on a complex, context-dependent relationship between city-centre visits and the explanatory variables. Both land-use structures and the transport system influenced how often the respondents visited their city centre. The effect of competing retail and service destinations may be amplified or counteracted by spatial structural variables and the appreciation of the city centre, an influence that is pivotal for the frequency of visits. The study confirms the often-mentioned explanatory factors of reduced city-centre performance and highlights a complex, fragile, context-dependent relationship. Hence, it advances our understanding of the performance of city centres and how cities' spatial structures establish behavioural conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105499"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-designing the urban energy transition: A resident-based approach","authors":"Lars Vikström ,&nbsp;Kristina Ek ,&nbsp;Andrea Luciani ,&nbsp;Agatino Rizzo","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high ambitions for renewable carbon technologies, increasing electricity demands and technological developments will likely open for more small-scale electricity production closer to end users in cities and urbanized areas. This paper seeks to understand how participatory design methods and the integration of renewable energy techniques like photovoltaics can contribute to more democratic, sustainable, and livable urban planning in the age of energy transition. Data was analysed through participatory design workshops in a suburban district in the north of Sweden, with residents living and working there, and with stakeholders from the municipality and the local energy company. The results of the resident design workshop indicate a significant reservoir of knowledge and creative ability among the participants. It emphasizes the importance of bringing people together to share their opinions and ideas for a more democratic planning in the built environment. The stakeholder workshop indicates that co-operations between multiple stakeholders and the development of participatory methods are essential for addressing the problematic issues associated with e.g., building regulations and community shared electricity. Fostering collaboration, and promoting inclusive decision-making, can lead to more effective and sustainable practices, better regulatory frameworks, and improved outcomes for communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105506"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In search of Cold War modernity's endpoints: Urban-nuclear entanglements and diachronic solidarity","authors":"Siarhei Liubimau","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article scrutinizes a Soviet nuclear industry's urban settlement from the perspective of this industry's endpoints. It approaches the nuclear industry's endpoints both in the register of city-enterprise relations and in the register of the spatio-temporal and institutional reality of the Cold War. The article's argument rests on empirical research of urban development after nuclear power in the town of Visaginas in Lithuania, a satellite of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP). Today Visaginas is in the process of disentangling itself from the USSR's strategic Cold War exclusive nuclear industry network. I single out and reflect on three units of analysis of this disentanglement – biography, site, and schedule. By documenting the modes of spatiality and of temporality produced by urban-nuclear entanglements, I challenge the application of the notion of ‘de-industrialization’ to phasing out nuclear power plants. I show that nuclear technology has given rise to a type of industrial site and to Cold War modernity as a spatio-temporal and institutional reality, which have no intelligible endpoints. Despite the unintelligibility of Cold War modernity's endpoints, nuclear settlements serve as explorers of the institutional and infrastructural hyper- long-term, and therefore they nurture diachronic solidarity via a diachronic division of labor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105515"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of policy instruments for sustainable peri-urban landscapes: Towards governance mixes","authors":"Marcin Spyra ,&nbsp;Chiara Cortinovis ,&nbsp;Silvia Ronchi","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peri-Urban Landscapes (PULs) are transitional areas composed of a mix of natural and anthropogenic land covers. The unsustainable character of many PULs is widely recognised, but their governance is particularly challenging. The paper moves from the hypothesis that addressing some of the sustainability challenges of PULs requires the combination of multiple Policy Instruments (PIs), i.e., a policy mix. An online survey was developed to collect cases of PULs governance with a twofold purpose: i) to identify and describe existing PIs implemented in PULs, and ii) to investigate which combinations of PIs are adopted to address specific categories of sustainability challenges. Fifty valid answers describing 47 cases of PULs governance from 26 countries were collected and analysed. The results confirm the presence of a policy mix approach, suggesting the need for a plurality of PIs to govern the dynamics and complexities of PULs. Moreover, the results indicate an important role of the regional governance level, a dominating presence of top-down instruments, and a need for more effective inclusion of citizens into policy-making processes related to PULs. A reflection on the findings considering the existing literature on governance experimentation suggests governance mixes for PULs as potential approaches to address some of the shortcomings of the analysed policy mixes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105508"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of comparative advantages in origin and destination cities on return migrant workers' entrepreneurship: An induced network analysis","authors":"Yike Ren,&nbsp;Xing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Return migrant workers' entrepreneurial choices hinge on the comparative advantages between their origin and destination cities. However, prior research has predominantly concentrated on the economic environment solely within migrant workers' origin cities, disregarding the dual impact of both origins and destinations on return entrepreneurship. This study aims to elucidate how the comparative advantages between origin and destination cities affect the behavior of return migrant workers' entrepreneurship, focusing on the paired relationships formed by these cities as a result of the emergence of return migrant workers' entrepreneurship. To this end, this study leverages data from the 2018 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) and the 2018 China City Statistical Yearbook, and utilizes the network MRQAP regression and network OLS regression methods. The findings highlight that migrant workers exhibit a stronger propensity to return for entrepreneurship when their origin cities possess greater comparative advantages in terms of economic development, employment status, standard of living, and entrepreneurial environments compared with their destination cities. Additionally, the heightened activity and significance of origin cities relative to destination cities in regard to economic growth rate, medical resources, and enterprise R&amp;D investment correspond to a higher likelihood of migrant workers returning for entrepreneurship. These outcomes inform the development of theories related to population migration, and shed light on the relationship between return migrant workers' entrepreneurial endeavors and the regional disparities in economic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105525"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A perception-powered urban digital twin to support human-centered urban planning and sustainable city development","authors":"Junjie Luo ,&nbsp;Pengyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Wenhui Xu ,&nbsp;Tianhong Zhao ,&nbsp;Filip Biljecki","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban Digital Twins (UDTs) offer a promising avenue for advancing sustainable urban development by mirroring physical environments and complex urban dynamics. Such technology enables urban planners to predict and analyze the impacts of various urban scenarios, addressing a global priority for sustainable urban environments. However, their potential in public engagement for environmental perception remains unfulfilled, with existing research lacking the capability to analyze urbanscapes' visual features and predict public perceptions based on photo-realistic renderings. To fill the gap, our study developed and implemented a UDT platform designed for the dual purposes of objective feature evaluation and subjective visual perception, alongside the prediction of perceptions in simulated scenarios. We incorporated DeepLabV3, a deep learning model for imagery semantic segmentation, to quantify a series of visual features within the built environment, such as the proportion of vegetation and architectural elements. Subjective visual perceptions (e.g. safety and lively) are captured using immersive virtual reality to gather public perceptions of different scenarios and learn patterns. Further, utilizing a photo-realistic rendering engine, high-quality renderings of textures and materials for UDT were achieved, and we proved their veracity based on a perception experiment. Afterwards, we employ the random forest algorithm for automated perception predictions of rendering scenarios. The implementation was demonstrated with a case study on an urban greenway in the central area of Singapore. We compared both the objective evaluation and subjective perception results, followed by a demonstration of automated visual perception prediction through photo-realistic scenario simulations, such as modifying vegetation density or introducing new architectural elements to the skyline, to predict the perception of scenarios before they are built, leading to more efficient and automated urban planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105473"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}