IF 6 1区经济学

Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105497

Federico Caprotti , Catalina Duarte , Simon Joss

{"title":"The 15-minute city as paranoid urbanism: Ten critical reflections","authors":"Federico Caprotti , Catalina Duarte , Simon Joss","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 15-minute city has emerged as a key urban development theme in recent years, and especially since the Covid-19 pandemic. It has also become a focus point for tensions and debates over future urban trajectories, including over the role of automobility as the key technology that defines the experience of the urban. While the 15-minute city has become a widely-used concept by proponents and detractors alike, it remains vaguely defined and heavily contested. The paper makes two contributions: first, it reads plans for, and debates around, the 15-minute city as a form of post-political urbanism. Secondly, the paper introduces the concept of paranoid urbanism as a way of understanding urban tensions and conflicts linked to mistrust, fear and paranoia in the post-pandemic city. This novel concept goes to the heart of debates and tensions over the shape of the post-pandemic city, and over mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion that characterise it. The arguments presented in the paper aim to both chart areas for further research, and as provide critical pointers for policymakers and practitioners working in the area of urban development. To this end, the paper presents ten critical reflections aimed at both policy and practice, and at establishing new avenues of research on paranoid urbanism in the post-pandemic era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105497"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do housing costs affect transportation? Longitudinal evidence from Australia 住房成本会影响交通吗？来自澳大利亚的纵向证据

IF 6 1区经济学

Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105469

Faye Khammo , Jun Sung Kim , Liang Choon Wang

{"title":"Do housing costs affect transportation? Longitudinal evidence from Australia","authors":"Faye Khammo , Jun Sung Kim , Liang Choon Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilising an instrumental variable alongside longitudinal data from Australia, this study investigates the causal relationship between housing costs and transportation outcomes. We combine the average costs of rent and mortgage payments to construct a composite housing cost measure and then estimate its impacts on four transportation variables and relocation. The instrumental variable relies on plausibly exogenous variations in composite housing costs influenced by foreign investments that are distributed disparately across local government areas in Australia on the basis of historical settlement patterns of immigrants. The findings reveal that increased housing costs lead to increased commute duration and a noticeable redistribution of expenditure, favouring public transport costs over fuel expenses. These findings are largely consistent with the predictions of standard urban theory. As the impacts of rising housing costs fall disproportionately on less educated individuals, our findings suggest that housing and transportation policies targeted at the housing and transportation options of these individuals can potentially reduce the inequality effects of rising housing costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105469"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Police facial recognition applications and violent crime control in U.S. cities 美国城市警方面部识别应用与暴力犯罪控制

IF 6 1区经济学

Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105472

Thaddeus L. Johnson , Natasha N. Johnson , Volkan Topalli , Denise McCurdy , Aislinn Wallace

{"title":"Police facial recognition applications and violent crime control in U.S. cities","authors":"Thaddeus L. Johnson , Natasha N. Johnson , Volkan Topalli , Denise McCurdy , Aislinn Wallace","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents novel insights into the effects of police facial recognition applications on violent crime and arrest dynamics across 268 U.S. cities from 1997 to 2020. We conducted generalized difference-in-differences regressions with multiway fixed effects to exploit this technology's staggered implementation. Our findings indicate that police facial recognition applications facilitate reductions in the rates of felony violence and homicide without contributing to over-policing or racial disparities in arrest for violent offenses. Greater reductions were observed for cities that adopted these technologies earlier in the study period, suggesting that their public safety benefits appreciate over time. The results of parallel trend and robustness tests also support these conclusions. While further research is necessary to assess the implementation and effects of facial recognition systems in various contexts, presented evidence suggests that urban police agencies that responsibly deploy these innovations to support crime control efforts can keep their residents safer and reduce the lives lost to violence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105472"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-speed rail in shrinking cities: A weapon for downturn or a catalyst for change 萎缩城市中的高速铁路：衰退的武器还是变革的催化剂

IF 6 1区经济学

Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105483

Yuxin Yang , Jing Zhang , Yao Tong , Wei Liu , Zuopeng Ma

{"title":"High-speed rail in shrinking cities: A weapon for downturn or a catalyst for change","authors":"Yuxin Yang , Jing Zhang , Yao Tong , Wei Liu , Zuopeng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The approach to alleviating the recession by expanding of high-speed rail (HSR) network needs to be treated cautiously. The structural adjustment of shrinking cities provides a perspective to evaluate the broader impact of HSR. Comparing the change characteristics of population and industrial structure of HSR cities and non-HSR cities before and after HSR service, we analyze the effect of HSR on the industrial transformation of shrinking cities and its spatio-temporal differences in Northeast China. Findings show that HSR has a positive effect on decelerating population shrinkage and fostering manufacturing advancing at regional level. The specific patterns display heterogeneity: it has exacerbated the development gap between cities on the main lines versus other cities, but also meaningfully transformed the industrial structure of cities along the branch HSR lines; different HSR lines has promote their respective regions' development based on their existing advantages; the sources and types of industrial transfer played key roles in the divergence of HSR effects on shrinking cities. The paper argues that HSR is more effective in promoting development based on proactive transformation efforts and available industrial functions; otherwise, it may primarily serve as a new mode of transportation without fully acting as a driver of urban development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105483"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the relationship between built environment and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of dockless bike-sharing usage: A case study of Shenzhen, China 探索建筑环境与无桩共享单车使用的时空异质性之间的关系：中国深圳案例研究

IF 6 1区经济学

Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105504

Junhong Zhou , Yani Lai , Wei Tu , Yuzhe Wu

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between built environment and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of dockless bike-sharing usage: A case study of Shenzhen, China","authors":"Junhong Zhou , Yani Lai , Wei Tu , Yuzhe Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dockless bike-sharing (DBS) system provides a convenient and flexible travel mode and is believed to be an essential means to improve travel efficiency and promote sustainable urban mobility. Despite an increasing body of scholarship on this issue, the spatial and temporal disparities of the relationship between built environment and DBS usage are less discussed in existing literature. In particular, few studies have taken the coexistence of complementary and competitive relation between bike-sharing and existing transit systems into account. Using 250 m grid level data in Shenzhen, this study applied multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) to reveal the local effects of built environment on bike utilization. The results found that population and employment density are generally positively related to bike usage. A significant competitive effect on DBS is observed in areas with dense metro stations, while complementary effect is found in other areas. In addition, bus coverage is found to negatively affect bike usage, meaning that public bus would substitute bike-sharing to travel. Mixed land use can attract bike usage on weekday but not on weekend, while residential as well as commercial areas have the potential to generate more bike demand in urban center and inner suburbs but not in exurban areas. Conversely, industrial areas in suburbs contribute to bike usage. Furthermore, office building plays a critical and positive role in bike usage, especially in suburbs, whereas restaurant shows negative effects during peak times. This research sheds light on the relationships between built environment and travel behavior, and the findings can provide tailor-made policies towards cycling-friendly environment and sustainable transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105504"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disentangling the non-linear impacts of natural attributes of urban built environment on life satisfaction 厘清城市建筑环境的自然属性对生活满意度的非线性影响

IF 6 1区经济学

Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105496

Wenjie Wu , Wenxuan Tan , Wendy Y. Chen , Ruoyu Wang

{"title":"Disentangling the non-linear impacts of natural attributes of urban built environment on life satisfaction","authors":"Wenjie Wu , Wenxuan Tan , Wendy Y. Chen , Ruoyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is widely acknowledged that urban nature could contribute positively to people's subjective life satisfaction. However, extant literature offers limited empirical evidence about the non-linear effects of various natural attributes of urban built environment on life satisfaction. This paper applies a machine learning approach, the gradient boosting decision trees model, to fill in this knowledge gap. Using Beijing as a case study, three key natural attributes of urban built environment are considered, including exposure to greenness within immediate living neighborhood, access to the nearest non-gated community parks, and access to the nearest gated municipal parks. A dataset that combines a life satisfaction survey, GIS-based park accessibility, and neighborhood greenness extracted from georeferenced street view images is constructed and brought into modelling analysis. The findings reveal non-linear effects of all three natural attributes on residents' self-reported life satisfaction. And the association between life satisfaction and access to parks (either gated municipal parks or non-gated community parks) depends upon the level of greenness exposure within respondents' immediate living neighborhood, with significant impacts detected for those who have a relatively low supply of neighborhood greenness. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the intricate association between various natural attributes of urban built environment and life satisfaction. And the empirical findings have practical implications for optimizing urban greening strategy as a cost-effective and feasible intervention to improve population life satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"155 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unexpected urban comparisons: Airbnb-ization in Cape Town, South Africa, and Broward County's coastal cities, Florida, United States 意想不到的城市比较：南非开普敦和美国佛罗里达州布劳沃德县沿海城市的 Airbnb 化

IF 6 1区经济学

Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105455

Richard Grant , Haozheng Zu , Shouraseni Sen Roy

{"title":"Unexpected urban comparisons: Airbnb-ization in Cape Town, South Africa, and Broward County's coastal cities, Florida, United States","authors":"Richard Grant , Haozheng Zu , Shouraseni Sen Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper employs an atypical comparative approach to investigate the significant influence of Airbnb in two distinct urban areas: Cape Town, South Africa, and Broward County, Florida, USA. Despite differing national histories and contexts, both locations share commonalities as tourist hotspots with robust facilities and attractions and lack strict Airbnb rental regulations. Leveraging open-source data from InsideAirbnb, OpenStreet Map, and census data, we utilize geospatial analysis and geovisualizations to evaluate various factors, including urban amenities, neighborhood cultural capital, accommodation types, pricing, and review scores. Optimized hot spot analysis reveals areas of high and low activity related to urban amenities. In Broward County, Airbnb hotspots align with the coast and Interstate Highway 95, following a uniform pattern. In Cape Town, they cluster within affluent neighborhoods inside Motorway 3. Word cloud analysis of positive comments highlights customer experiences related to coastal proximity, tourist attractions, dwelling amenities, and host responsiveness in Cape Town.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"155 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The electoral cycle and changes in the off-budget debt of municipalities 选举周期与市政当局预算外债务的变化

IF 6 1区经济学

Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105478

Krzysztof Kluza , Miroslaw Czekaj , Beata Zofia Filipiak

引用次数: 0

Population agglomeration, borrowed size and urban economic growth in China 中国的人口聚集、借贷规模与城市经济增长

IF 6 1区经济学

Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105491

Le Chen , Xi Wang , Yuanwei Hao , Jiangbin Yin , Dongsheng Chen

{"title":"Population agglomeration, borrowed size and urban economic growth in China","authors":"Le Chen , Xi Wang , Yuanwei Hao , Jiangbin Yin , Dongsheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study constructed a theoretical framework and measurement model for investigating the effect of population agglomeration on urban economic growth. This framework accounts for both intracity and intercity agglomeration economy and is based on a comprehensive set of indicators of population agglomeration and urban economy. Two hypotheses were tested using data from 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2020, with the data corroborated against data from over 500 Chinese provincial and municipal statistical yearbooks, 4560 statistical bulletins, natural elements such as relief degree of land surface, and DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS matched nighttime lights imagery. We focused on the effects of intercity agglomeration economy, namely borrowed size and agglomeration shadow effects. Our results indicated that intracity population agglomeration had a positive effect on urban economic growth. This effect was moderated by spatial and policy–related factors. In addition, the borrowed size effect was stronger than the agglomeration shadow effect among Chinese cities. Intracity population agglomeration had a significant positive spatial spillover effect. The high degree of agglomeration of neighboring cities positively affected a city's economic growth. It was interesting to note that the impact coefficient of intracity agglomeration dropped by about 0.1 with the inclusion of intercity agglomeration elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105491"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural resilience disparities in regional city networks under the influence of Typhoon Fitow and COVID-19 台风 "菲特 "和 COVID-19 影响下区域城市网络的结构复原力差异

IF 6 1区经济学

Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105460

Wenxuan Du , Guofang Zhai , Yijun Shi , Yuwen Lu

{"title":"Structural resilience disparities in regional city networks under the influence of Typhoon Fitow and COVID-19","authors":"Wenxuan Du , Guofang Zhai , Yijun Shi , Yuwen Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of regional city networks plays a pivotal role in the regional development. Assessing and analyzing the structural resilience of these networks holds significance in enhancing regional comprehensive disaster prevention. This study focuses on the Yangtze River Delta, examining its regional city networks encompassing information, economic, transportation, and innovation domains. Utilizing the social network analysis, projection pursuit model based on the genetic algorithm, coupling coordination degree model, coefficient of variation and spatial Gini coefficient, we scrutinized the structural resilience and evolution difference of these networks under different disasters. We found that the structural resilience of economic and transportation networks that depend on infrastructure construction are more limited by geographical distance, and information and innovation networks with weaker physical dependence have stronger structural resilience. The impact of Typhoon Fitow on the structural resilience of individual networks was mainly concentrated in coastal affected cities, while the impact after COVID-19 was mainly in marginal cities. The spatial pattern of the structural resilience of multiple networks shifted from low level equilibrium to agglomeration development. Finally, nodes were identified into three types according to the resilience performance. This research offers a scientific foundation for quantifying regional resilience and formulating network optimization strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105460"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cities最新文献