Frontiers in conservation science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating successes and challenges for effective governance of privately protected areas in Australia","authors":"Sarah Brugler","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2023.1291745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1291745","url":null,"abstract":"Australia has one of the world's largest privately protected area (PPA) estates and has been seen as a world leader in establishing PPAs, with significant growth since 2000. Despite the policy expectation that PPAs will continue to grow in Australia, there has been limited policy or academic consideration of the legal and governance arrangements that are best placed to enable this. This article uses adaptive governance as a conceptual framework for conducting doctrinal (to explore the legal rules) and socio-legal (to understand the implication and effects of the rules in practice) research to analyze the governance of conservation covenant regimes in Australia, with a particular focus on the State of Victoria. The article finds that Victoria’s conservation covenant regime has the legal foundations to enable adaptive governance and that conservation covenants are expected to continue to be important in maintaining and establishing new PPAs, with opportunities for covenants to similarly deliver ecosystem restoration and climate adaptation objectives. Ongoing adequate public investment in the regime and the ability of the regime to attract new landowners in important landscapes without better financial incentives are identified as key challenges. The analyses and findings, while focused on the Australian context, are expected to have applicability to other jurisdictions that are focused on implementing the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and policies related to protected areas, private land conservation, ecosystem restoration, and climate adaptation.","PeriodicalId":484005,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in conservation science","volume":"41 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cornwall Beaver Project: navigating the social-ecological complexity of rewilding as a nature-based solution","authors":"Mike Jones, Chris Jones","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2023.1252275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1252275","url":null,"abstract":"The story of the Cornwall Beaver Project is presented as the foundation of a review of the literature to consider the effects of beavers on geomorphological and hydrological processes, habitats, biodiversity, and people in agricultural landscapes in the UK. The review includes a comparison of the principles for rewilding as an approach to ecological restoration with IUCNs principles for Nature-based Solutions together with a summary of beaver reintroduction in Europe, and the impacts of beavers on hydrological and geomorphological processes, biodiversity and the human-wildlife conflict that arises from reintroduction. We note that rewilding principles require a paradigm shift in the relationship between humans and the rest of nature and a corresponding application of systems thinking to research, practice and policy. The combination of experiential and formal knowledge is assessed using a social-ecological systems framework to consider the potential of beavers to mitigate climate change impacts on agricultural landscapes in the UK and how rewilders might navigate the social complexity of beaver reintroduction to achieve large scale system transformation. We discuss the different lines of evidence about the impacts of beavers on landscapes as viewed through a system lens and conclude that: (1) beaver dams have considerable potential to store water but their ability to reduce flood risk is difficult to assess because of the complex interactions between the material available for dam construction, geomorphology, and the duration, extent and intensity of rainfall events; (2) beaver dams, especially when combined with buffer zones along water courses have considerable potential to enhance the resilience of agricultural landscapes and support a shift from intensive to agroecological farming; (3) scaling beaver reintroduction will evolve with the application of policies and practices that enhance the ability of land users to adapt and learn how to coexist with beavers. Our review proposes a low conflict strategy for rewilding with beavers that includes changes from a policy of conflict avoidance to a proactive policy to support practices that apply the tools of social-ecological systems science to the body of knowledge about the interactions between beavers and their environment.","PeriodicalId":484005,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in conservation science","volume":"63 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001 - 2020","authors":"Eric W. Sanderson, D. Miquelle, K. Fisher, A. Harihar, Chris Clark, Jesse Moy, Peter Potapov, Nathaniel Robinson, Lucinda Royte, Dustin Sampson, Jamie Sanderlin, C. Yackulic, Michael Belecky, U. Breitenmoser, C. Breitenmoser-Würsten, P. Chanchani, Stuart Chapman, Arpit Deomurari, Somphot Duangchantrasiri, Elisa Facchini, Thomas N.E. Gray, John M Goodrich, Luke Hunter, M. Linkie, Willy Marthy, Akchousanh Rasphone, Sugoto Roy, Detrit Sittibal, Tshering Tempa, Mayuree Umponjan, Karen Wood","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280","url":null,"abstract":"Of all the ways human beings have modified the planet over the last 10,000 years, habitat loss is the most important for other species. To address this most critical threat to biodiversity, governments, non-governmental actors, and the public need to know, in near real-time, where and when habitat loss is occurring. Here we present an integrated habitat modelling system at the range-wide scale for the tiger (Panthera tigris) to measure and monitor changes in tiger habitat at range-wide, national, biome, and landscape scales, as often as the underlying inputs change. We find that after nearly 150 years of decline, effective potential habitat for the tiger seems to have stabilized at around 16% of its indigenous extent (1.817 million km2). As of the 1st of January 2020, there were 63 Tiger Conservation Landscapes in the world, covering 911,920 km2 shared across ten of the 30 modern countries which once harbored tiger populations. Over the last 20 years, the total area of Tiger Conservation Landscapes (TCLs) declined from 1.025 million km2 in 2001, a range-wide loss of 11%, with the greatest losses in Southeast Asia and southern China. Meanwhile, we documented expansions of modelled TCL area in India, Nepal, Bhutan, northern China, and southeastern Russia. We find significant potential for restoring tigers to existing habitats, identified here in 226 Restoration Landscapes. If these habitats had sufficient prey and were tigers able to find them, the occupied land base for tigers might increase by 50%. Our analytical system, incorporating Earth observations, in situ biological data, and a conservation-oriented modelling framework, provides the information the countries need to protect tigers and enhance habitat, including dynamic, spatially explicit maps and results, updated as often as the underlying data change. Our work builds on nearly 30 years of tiger conservation research and provides an accessible way for countries to measure progress and report outcomes. This work serves as a model for objective, range-wide, habitat monitoring as countries work to achieve the goals laid out in the Sustainable Development Goals, the 30×30 Agenda, and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.","PeriodicalId":484005,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in conservation science","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of social and political factors in the success of rewilding projects","authors":"Sarah Weber Hertel, David Luther","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2023.1205380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1205380","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological aspects behind the success and failure of rewilding projects have been looked at in literature and case studies, but rarely have sociopolitical factors been included in these classifications. To truly determine which factors lead to success in rewilding projects, inclusive of sociopolitical factors, we created global models that analyze 120 case studies from IUCN’s “Global Re-introduction Perspectives” that fit under IUCN’s definition of rewilding. Models included the ten guiding principles for rewilding from IUCN’s Rewilding Thematic Group, success factors, and threats to success as defined from existing literature. We measured the self-reported “level of success” from the case report examples against the guiding principles, success factors and threats to determine which were more likely to be associated with successful rewilding projects. Local awareness of the benefits of rewilding and illustrating a proof of concept of rewilding were the factors that were most strongly associated with higher levels of success in rewilding projects, as self-reported by case report authors, as well as Guiding Principle 9 “rewilding recognizes the intrinsic value of all species”. Our results indicate that both ecological and sociopolitical factors are critical to successful rewilding projects and both need to be accounted for and included in future planning of rewilding projects to maximize the possibility of successful rewilding.","PeriodicalId":484005,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in conservation science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Insights in plant conservation","authors":"Lindsey Gillson, David W. Inouye","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2023.1335027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1335027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":484005,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in conservation science","volume":"33 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capturing environmental DNA in snow tracks of polar bear, Eurasian lynx and snow leopard towards individual identification","authors":"Micaela Hellström, Elisabeth Kruger, Johan Näslund, Mia Bisther, Anna Edlund, Patrick Hernvall, Viktor Birgersson, Rafael Augusto, Melanie L. Lancaster","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2023.1250996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1250996","url":null,"abstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are elusive large carnivores inhabiting snow-covered and remote areas. Their effective conservation and management are challenged by inadequate population information, necessitating development of novel data collection methods. Environmental DNA (eDNA) from snow tracks (footprints in snow) has identified species based on mitochondrial DNA, yet its utility for individual-based analyses remains unsolved due to challenges accessing the nuclear genome. We present a protocol for capturing nuclear eDNA from polar bear, Eurasian lynx and snow leopard snow tracks and verify it through genotyping at a selection of microsatellite markers. We successfully retrieved nuclear eDNA from 87.5% (21/24) of wild polar bear snow tracks, 59.1% (26/44) of wild Eurasian lynx snow tracks, and the single snow leopard sampled. We genotyped over half of all wild polar bear samples (54.2%, 13/24) at five loci, and 11% (9/44) of wild lynx samples and the snow leopard at three loci. Genotyping success from Eurasian lynx snow tracks increased to 24% when tracks were collected by trained rather than untrained personnel. Thirteen wild polar bear samples comprised 11 unique genotypes and two identical genotypes; likely representing 12 individual bears, one of which was sampled twice. Snow tracks show promise for use alongside other non-invasive and conventional methods as a reliable source of nuclear DNA for genetic mark-recapture of elusive and threatened mammals. The detailed protocol we present has utility for broadening end user groups and engaging Indigenous and local communities in species monitoring.","PeriodicalId":484005,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in conservation science","volume":"31 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coverage and beyond: how can private governance support key elements of the Global Biodiversity Framework’s Target 3?","authors":"Alanah Hayley Lewis, Bex Gottlieb, Brett Wilson, Jack Sutton, Janeth Lessmann, G. Delli, Grégoire Dubois, Heather C. Bingham","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2023.1303801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1303801","url":null,"abstract":"A vast cross-societal effort will be needed to achieve the ambition of protecting and conserving 30% of the earth’s lands and oceans by 2030, as called for in Target 3 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. While focus is often given to the 30% coverage aspect of this target, other elements – on the location and effectiveness of protected and conserved areas – are equally important. As the implementation of Target 3 progresses, it is increasingly acknowledged that non-profit organisations, for-profit organisations, and individual landowners play a key role by choosing to manage their lands and waters to deliver conservation outcomes. However, privately protected and conserved areas lack recognition by many governments charged with reporting progress on the target. For countries and territories where these areas have been reported, we use the World Database on Protected Areas to explore their contribution towards elements of Target 3, particularly coverage, connectivity and ecological representation. In addition, we explore how privately governed ‘other effective area-based conservation measures’ contribute to Target 3 in countries and territories where they have been identified. Our results demonstrate that privately protected and conserved areas play a significant role in some countries’ efforts to meet Target 3. Since these areas are known to be under-reported, we stress the need for scaled up efforts for their recognition and documentation. This is vital not only for Target 3 tracking and implementation, but to ensure private actors receive appropriate recognition and support for their role in tackling the biodiversity and climate crises.","PeriodicalId":484005,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in conservation science","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138621744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science is the fuel required for lifting ecosystem restoration into the orbit of hundreds of millions of hectares","authors":"Anthony J. Mills, Robbert Duker, Richard G. Lechmere-Oertel, Ruan van Mazijk, Alastair J. Potts","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2023.1283262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1283262","url":null,"abstract":"Restoring the hundreds of millions of hectares of degraded ecosystems worldwide will require new approaches to raise the required funds and new systems to implement at the required scales. Two decades of large-scale restoration in the subtropical thicket biome in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, have generated valuable information for developing such approaches and systems. The successful upscaling of restoration in this biome can be attributed to four main actions. First, from the outset in 2003, peer-reviewed science was foundational to the entire restoration initiative. Second, also from the outset, there was a commitment to large-scale, long-term ecological research by the public sector (the then Department of Water Affairs and Forestry in South Africa), which resulted in what is to our knowledge the world’s largest ecosystem restoration experiment, comprising 330 quarter-hectare plots distributed over ∼75,000 km 2 . Third, retrospective scientific description of previous restoration work — done by farmers in the 1960s and 1970s — provided valuable information on restoration’s multiple benefits, without having to wait for the large-scale restoration experiment to yield results. Lastly, diverse and short-term scoping studies were undertaken to address questions that emerged during the large-scale implementation of restoration. These studies were vital for rapid adaptive management and planning new scientific experiments, filling a gap between long-term ecological research and retrospective science.","PeriodicalId":484005,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in conservation science","volume":"10 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social media data from two iconic Neotropical big cats: can this translate to action?","authors":"Yuri Geraldo Gomes Ribeiro, Rodrigo Matta Bastos, Beatriz Oliveira Silva, Silvio Marchini, Rafael Batista Morais, Mariana Labão Catapani, Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti Corrêa, Ricardo Luís Azevedo da Rocha, Ariana Moura da Silva, Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi Barros Ferraz","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2023.1101531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1101531","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction There has been a gradual increase in studies of social media data usage in biodiversity conservation. Social media data is an underused source of information with the potential to maximize the outcomes of established conservation measures. In this study, we assessed how structured social media data can provide insight into species conservation through a species conservation plan, based on predefined actions. Methods We established a framework centered on a set of steps that go from defining social media platforms and species of interest to applying general analysis of data based on data dimensions—three W’s framework (What, When, Who) and the public engagement that posts received. The final and most important step in our proposed framework is to assess the overlap between social media data outcomes and measures established in conservation plans. In our study, we used the Brazilian National Action Plan (BNAP) for big cats as our model. We extracted posts and metrics about jaguars ( Panthera onca ) and pumas ( Puma concolor ) from two social media platforms, Facebook and Twitter. Results We obtained 159 posts for both jaguars and pumas on Facebook (manually) and 23,869 posts for the jaguar and 14,675 posts for the puma on Twitter (through an application user interface). Data were categorized for content and users (only Facebook data) based on analysis of the content obtained and similarities found between posts. We used descriptive statistics for analyzing the metrics extracted for each data dimension (what, when, who, and engagement). We also used algorithms to predict categories in the Twitter database. Our most important findings were based on the development of a matrix summarizing the overlapping actions and dimensions of the data. Our findings revealed that the most prominent category of information for jaguars on Facebook was the sighting of wildlife outside protected areas, while for pumas, it was the trespassing of property by wildlife. From the Twitter dataset, we observed that the most prominent category of information for jaguars was: the sighting of wildlife outside protected areas, while for pumas, it was wildlife depredation by direct or indirect means. We found temporal trends that highlight the importance of categories in understanding information peaks on Facebook and Twitter. Discussion When we analyze online engagement, we see a predominance of positive reactions on Facebook, and on Twitter, we see a balanced reaction between positive and negative. We identified 10 of 41 actions in the BNAP that might benefit from social media data. Most of the actions that could benefit from our dataset were linked to human–wildlife conflicts and threats, such as wildlife–vehicle collisions. Communication and educational actions could benefit from all dimensions of the data. Our results highlight the variety of information on social media to inform conservation programs and their application to conservation actions. We believe that","PeriodicalId":484005,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in conservation science","volume":"128 38","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential response of three large mammal species to human recreation in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, USA","authors":"Madison R. Uetrecht, April Bermudez, Daniel Novoa, Jennifer Reithel, Vaneza Rodriguez, Rosemary Smith, Shannon Sprott, Morgan W. Tingley, Daniel T. Blumstein","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2023.1234157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1234157","url":null,"abstract":"Outdoor recreation benefits local economies, environmental education, and public health and wellbeing, but it can also adversely affect local ecosystems. Human presence in natural areas alters feeding and reproductive behaviors, physiology, and population structure in many wildlife species, often resulting in cascading effects through entire ecological communities. As outdoor recreation gains popularity, existing trails are becoming overcrowded and new trails are being built to accommodate increasing use. Many recreation impact studies have investigated effects of the presence or absence of humans while few have investigated recreation effects on wildlife using a gradient of disturbance intensity. We used camera traps to quantify trail use by humans and mid- to large-sized mammals in an area of intense outdoor recreation–the Upper East River Valley, Colorado, USA. We selected five trails with different types and intensities of human use and deployed six cameras on each trail for five weeks during a COVID-enhanced 2020 summer tourism season. We used occupancy models to estimate detectability and habitat use of the three most common mammal species in the study area and determined which human activities affect the habitat use patterns of each species. Human activities affected each species differently. Mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ) tended to use areas with more vehicles, more predators, and greater distances from the trailhead, and they were more likely to be detected where there were more bikers. Coyotes ( Canis latrans ) and red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) were most likely to use areas where their prey species occurred, and foxes were more likely to be detected where the vegetation was shorter. Humans and their recreational activities differentially influence different species. More generally, these results reinforce that it is unlikely that a single management policy is suitable for all species and management should thus be tailored for each target species.","PeriodicalId":484005,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in conservation science","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135191720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}