捕捉北极熊、欧亚猞猁和雪豹雪地足迹中的环境 DNA 以进行个体识别

Micaela Hellström, Elisabeth Kruger, Johan Näslund, Mia Bisther, Anna Edlund, Patrick Hernvall, Viktor Birgersson, Rafael Augusto, Melanie L. Lancaster
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引用次数: 0

摘要

北极熊(Ursus maritimus),欧亚猞猁(lynx lynx)和雪豹(Panthera uncia)是难以捉摸的大型食肉动物,生活在积雪覆盖的偏远地区。它们的有效保护和管理受到人口信息不足的挑战,因此需要开发新的数据收集方法。来自雪地足迹的环境DNA (eDNA)已经根据线粒体DNA识别出了物种,但由于核基因组的获取面临挑战,其在基于个体的分析中的应用仍未得到解决。我们提出了一种从北极熊、欧亚猞猁和雪豹雪迹中捕获核eDNA的方案,并通过选择微卫星标记进行基因分型验证。从87.5%(21/24)的野生北极熊雪道、59.1%(26/44)的野生欧亚猞猁雪道和单只雪豹雪道中成功提取到核eDNA。对半数以上的野生北极熊样本(54.2%,13/24)和11%的野生猞猁和雪豹样本(9/44)在5个位点进行了基因分型。由训练有素的人员而不是未经训练的人员收集欧亚猞猁雪迹时,基因分型成功率增加到24%。13个野生北极熊样本包含11个独特基因型和2个相同基因型;可能代表了12只熊,其中一只被采样了两次。Snow track显示了与其他非侵入性和传统方法一起使用的希望,作为核DNA的可靠来源,用于重新捕获难以捉摸和受威胁的哺乳动物的遗传标记。我们提出的详细协议对于扩大最终用户群体和吸引土著和当地社区参与物种监测具有实用价值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Capturing environmental DNA in snow tracks of polar bear, Eurasian lynx and snow leopard towards individual identification
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are elusive large carnivores inhabiting snow-covered and remote areas. Their effective conservation and management are challenged by inadequate population information, necessitating development of novel data collection methods. Environmental DNA (eDNA) from snow tracks (footprints in snow) has identified species based on mitochondrial DNA, yet its utility for individual-based analyses remains unsolved due to challenges accessing the nuclear genome. We present a protocol for capturing nuclear eDNA from polar bear, Eurasian lynx and snow leopard snow tracks and verify it through genotyping at a selection of microsatellite markers. We successfully retrieved nuclear eDNA from 87.5% (21/24) of wild polar bear snow tracks, 59.1% (26/44) of wild Eurasian lynx snow tracks, and the single snow leopard sampled. We genotyped over half of all wild polar bear samples (54.2%, 13/24) at five loci, and 11% (9/44) of wild lynx samples and the snow leopard at three loci. Genotyping success from Eurasian lynx snow tracks increased to 24% when tracks were collected by trained rather than untrained personnel. Thirteen wild polar bear samples comprised 11 unique genotypes and two identical genotypes; likely representing 12 individual bears, one of which was sampled twice. Snow tracks show promise for use alongside other non-invasive and conventional methods as a reliable source of nuclear DNA for genetic mark-recapture of elusive and threatened mammals. The detailed protocol we present has utility for broadening end user groups and engaging Indigenous and local communities in species monitoring.
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