Applied Geography最新文献_第6页

Does foreign aid play a role in promoting economic development? Evidence from US aid 外国援助在促进经济发展方面发挥作用吗？来自美国援助的证据

IF 4 2区地球科学

Applied Geography Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103394

Wanpeng Cao , Debin Du

引用次数: 0

The role of Industry-University-Research collaboration in regional technological diversification: An empirical study on the pharmaceutical industry in China 产学研合作在地区技术多样化中的作用：中国制药业的实证研究

IF 4 2区地球科学

Applied Geography Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103393

Wentao Li, Canfei He

{"title":"The role of Industry-University-Research collaboration in regional technological diversification: An empirical study on the pharmaceutical industry in China","authors":"Wentao Li, Canfei He","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Regional diversification literature has increasingly recognized the importance of diversifying into unrelated technologies. The emergence of technologies is considered the outcome of collaborative efforts, nevertheless, the role of scientific organizations is largely ignored. Especially, we know less about the impact of Industry-University-Research (IUR) collaboration on regional technological diversification. To fill in the gap, we conduct an empirical analysis based on patents from the Chinese Intellectual Patent Office over 2000–2019, in the case of China's pharmaceutical industry. The results show that: (1) Universities are pharmaceutical firms' primary collaborators, followed by research institutes, with hospitals accounting for a relatively small part. (2) There are significant differences in the knowledge bases of actors, with pharmaceutical firms more oriented to the applied field and scientific organizations, especially universities, focusing on basic research. (3) Regions with more IUR collaboration tend to diversify into unrelated technologies about pharmaceuticals, and its role is more evident for inter-regional collaboration. (4) Pharmaceutical firms engaging in IUR collaboration are more likely to diversify into unrelated technologies, while the technological diversification of scientific organizations seems to be irrelevant to IUR collaboration. Furthermore, pharmaceutical firms that collaborate with universities instead of research institutes and hospitals frequently tend to develop unrelated technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations between neighborhood compactness, perceived accessibility to urban amenities, and mental distress of older adults in a high-density city 高密度城市中老年人的邻里紧凑程度、感知到的城市便利设施可达性与精神痛苦之间的关系

IF 4 2区地球科学

Applied Geography Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103397

Jianxiao Liu , Shuangzhou Chen , Hung Chak Ho , Linchuan Yang , Zhikang Bao

{"title":"Associations between neighborhood compactness, perceived accessibility to urban amenities, and mental distress of older adults in a high-density city","authors":"Jianxiao Liu , Shuangzhou Chen , Hung Chak Ho , Linchuan Yang , Zhikang Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neighborhood compactness has been identified as a sustainable approach for fostering social relationships. However, existing studies have not clearly demonstrated whether neighborhood compactness in high-density cities directly influences the mental distress of community-dwelling older adults, or whether it indirectly influences mental distress through perceived accessibility to urban amenities (PA). Using a composite score of three dimensions (depressive symptoms, loneliness, and social isolation) to measure mental distress, and applying a mediation model within a cross-sectional design involving 947 older adults (aged ≥ 60) with at least mild symptoms in Hong Kong, our findings suggest an indirect pathway between neighborhood compactness, PA, and mental distress. Neighborhood compactness was positively associated with PA (B = 7.791, p < 0.001), and PA was negatively associated with mental distress (B = −0.12, p = 0.017). However, no direct impact of neighborhood compactness on mental distress was found. Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that neighborhood compactness and PA supported older females but not males. These results align with our hypothesis that (1) neighborhood compactness may not always be beneficial for older adults with mental distress in high-density cities unless compactness itself enhances PA and facility usage to support community-dwelling individuals, and (2) gender differences may result in varying interactions and perceptions of urban amenities and the built environment. To support the concept of “aging in place” in the future, urban plans aimed at enhancing neighborhood compactness and its social impacts should focus on addressing social inequality, including strategies to improve urban design, social participation, and gender-specific protocols, so that older adults can achieve better community awareness, environmental satisfaction, and facility usage, ultimately reducing mental distress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Socio-spatial segregation in residents’ daily life: A longitudinal study in Beijing 居民日常生活中的社会空间隔离：北京纵向研究

IF 4 2区地球科学

Applied Geography Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103395

Hongbo Chai

{"title":"Socio-spatial segregation in residents’ daily life: A longitudinal study in Beijing","authors":"Hongbo Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Segregation studies based on human activity spaces have attracted increasing interest in urban geography and planning. Previously, most research employed variations in the geographical features of individuals' physical activity areas to ascertain social group segregation. A few studies have examined segregation based on one's activity space, comparing this over several years. This research conducts an empirical analysis based on people's activity space in Beijing to detect changes in segregation over time. We investigate activity space-based segregation among Beijing residents, separated into four housing categories for inner-city and suburban areas. The primary outcomes show residents living in different types of housing experience varying degrees of segregation when considering their activity spaces, which has progressed over the years. Furthermore, the findings show that the impact of changes in the built environment on the socio-spatial segregation of residents is gradually deepening, while the impact of institutional contexts such as <em>danwei</em> is gradually decreasing. In summary, this paper provides Beijing-based empirical evidence for this housing type differentiation and increasing segregation, which helps to enrich the understanding of activity space-based socio-spatial segregation of urban residents in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Generation Share’ versus ‘Generation Rent’: Analysing the spatial preferences of shared rental housing 一代共享 "与 "一代出租"：分析合租住房的空间偏好

IF 4 2区地球科学

Applied Geography Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103398

Ling Li , Kuang Kuang Deng

{"title":"‘Generation Share’ versus ‘Generation Rent’: Analysing the spatial preferences of shared rental housing","authors":"Ling Li , Kuang Kuang Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A growing number of young adults are choosing to live in private rental housing and sharing with unknown individuals in order to reduce their housing expenses. However, young housing sharers are generally treated as homogeneous to other renters in academic research and policy formation, leaving some of their unique housing issues unaddressed. This study examines how young housing sharers differ from their counterparts living in conventional or unshared rental housing. More specifically, we compare the spatial preferences of housing sharers to the spatial preferences of conventional housing renters, using a unique dataset of over 0.8 million private rental housing records collected in Shanghai, China. The results using a revealed-preference approach based on a hedonic pricing model demonstrate significant differences in their preference for location characteristics. Housing sharers are more willing to pay for proximity to employment centres and metro stations than conventional housing renters. Following the outbreak of Covid-19, the difference has narrowed to some extent, and housing sharers have moved further from employment centres. Rather, housing sharers are less concerned about access to public and private service amenities. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the recent housing tenure shift toward sharing among the younger generation and its potential impact on age-related segmentation in the housing market.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shame buffers and spatial risk-mitigation: Exploring the effects of social stigma on the locational strategies of illicit massage businesses and their customers 耻辱缓冲和空间风险缓解：探索社会耻辱感对非法按摩企业及其顾客选址策略的影响

IF 4 2区地球科学

Applied Geography Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103391

Sean M. Crotty, Xiaolu Zhou

{"title":"Shame buffers and spatial risk-mitigation: Exploring the effects of social stigma on the locational strategies of illicit massage businesses and their customers","authors":"Sean M. Crotty, Xiaolu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional locational analysis in urban retail/business geography begins with the assumption that customers will visit retail locations that are most convenient, and that businesses that locate close to their customers’ residences or workplaces would be preferred to locations farther from those places. This assumption is problematic when applied to economic activities for which social stigma exists. In this article, we examine the influence of social stigma on the locational choices made by customers of illicit massage businesses in the Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas metropolitan area. We introduce the concept of <em>shame buffers</em> – zones around the places to which each customer is most deeply socially embedded, their home, workplace, and other community spaces, where the customer would not engage in stigmatized behaviors for fear of being observed and facing social shaming. We then examine the validity of the shame-buffer concept by analyzing customers' mobility patterns for both legal and illicit massage businesses in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area (DFW metro).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial intelligence and contextual relevance in AI-driven health information retrieval 人工智能驱动的健康信息检索中的空间智能和上下文相关性

IF 4 2区地球科学

Applied Geography Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103392

Niko Yiannakoulias

{"title":"Spatial intelligence and contextual relevance in AI-driven health information retrieval","authors":"Niko Yiannakoulias","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolution of large language models (LLMs) has already significantly influenced online health information retrieval. As these models gain more widespread use, it is important to understand their ability to contextualize responses based on spatial and geographic information. This study investigates whether LLMs can vary responses based on geographic and spatial context. Using a structured set of prompts submitted to ChatGPT, responses were analyzed to discern patterns based on prompt question and geographic identifiers included in queries. The analysis used word frequency analysis and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) embeddings to evaluate the variation in responses concerning geographic specificity. The results provide some evidence that LLMs can generate geographically tailored responses when the query specifies such a need, thereby supporting localized information retrieval. Moreover, prompt responses exhibit an association between spatial distance and word frequency/sentence embedding differences between texts. This result suggests a nuanced representation of spatial information, which could impact user experience by providing more relevant health information based on the user's location. This study lays the groundwork for further exploration into the spatial intelligence of LLMs and their impact on the accessibility of health information online.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143622824001978/pdfft?md5=926850a22b14d28f06128d137f2e3eca&pid=1-s2.0-S0143622824001978-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Encouraging cycling through the improvement of streetscape perception: A bottom-up investigation into the relationship between street greening and bicycling volume 通过改善街景观感鼓励骑自行车：自下而上调查街道绿化与自行车骑行量之间的关系

IF 4 2区地球科学

Applied Geography Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103388

Qiao Zhang , Jin Rui , Yufei Wu

{"title":"Encouraging cycling through the improvement of streetscape perception: A bottom-up investigation into the relationship between street greening and bicycling volume","authors":"Qiao Zhang , Jin Rui , Yufei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enhancing neighborhood greenery quality proves to be an effective tactic in encouraging active travel among residents. From a cyclist's perspective, this study quantitatively evaluates street greening quality and its association with cycling behaviors. Utilizing shared bicycle usage data and SegNet-analyzed Baidu Street Views on Xiamen Island, we quantified comprehensive street greening quality. We then employed Spatial Design Network Analysis and a street greening quality rating scale to assess accessibility and aesthetics. Subsequently, models were developed using OLS, spatial autocorrelation, and Moran's I statistical methods, complemented by a spatial heterogeneity analysis of factors influencing shared bicycle riding behaviors through the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. Our study reveals that in arterial and commercial districts, the appeal and variety of street greening elements are more crucial than their quantity. These quality indicators exhibit a polycentric, continuous spatial distribution, aligning with the overall street layout. Beyond the visual impact of greenery on cycling behavior, factors like richness, openness, and safety of streets, along with diverse facilities, significantly influence cycling route preferences. In contrast, uniform street elements can disrupt or even discourage cycling. This research, by analyzing the relationship between street greening quality and cycling intensity, offers valuable insights for policymakers in prioritizing the transformation of streets into bike-friendly zones. Additionally, we propose a pragmatic, bottom-up approach to developing bicycle-friendly urban environments, indirectly fostering healthier travel habits among urban residents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unrealised aspiration: Migrants’ intergroup relations in China 未实现的愿望：中国移民的群体间关系

IF 4 2区地球科学

Applied Geography Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103381

Mengran Xu , Fulong Wu , Zhigang Li

引用次数: 0

Sensing noise exposure and its inequality based on noise complaint data through vision-language hybrid method 通过视觉语言混合法，基于噪声投诉数据感知噪声暴露及其不平等问题

IF 4.9 2区地球科学

Applied Geography Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103369

Yan Zhang, Mei-Po Kwan, Haoran Ma

{"title":"Sensing noise exposure and its inequality based on noise complaint data through vision-language hybrid method","authors":"Yan Zhang, Mei-Po Kwan, Haoran Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103369","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to reveal urban noise exposure patterns and inequalities using noise complaint data and vision-language hybrid method. By applying a natural language processing model to 17,243 noise complaint records, we uncovered distinct patterns of traffic, industrial, and living noise exposures across residential communities. Our analysis of street view images near complaint locations, utilizing a Residual Network (ResNet) model and Class Activation Mapping (CAM), identified the key environmental elements of different noise sources. Notably, our assessment of noise exposure inequality across 9791 communities yielded a counterintuitive finding: contrary to previous studies in Western contexts, rich communities in China experience higher and more unequal noise exposure compared to average communities, with Gini coefficients exceeding 0.8. This unexpected result likely stems from China's unique rapid urbanization process. Our use of crowdsourced complaint data aligns more closely with human subjective perceptions of noise, offering a novel perspective on noise exposure inequality. These findings challenge existing assumptions about the relationship between socioeconomic status and environmental quality in urban China, and have significant implications for urban planning and noise management strategies in rapidly developing cities.","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0