Demography最新文献_第8页

Defining and Identifying Only Children: A Research Note on the Concept and Measurement Illustrated With UK Survey Data. 界定和识别独生子女：关于概念和测量的研究说明》，附英国调查数据。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11123969

Jenny Chanfreau, Alice Goisis

{"title":"Defining and Identifying Only Children: A Research Note on the Concept and Measurement Illustrated With UK Survey Data.","authors":"Jenny Chanfreau, Alice Goisis","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11123969","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11123969","url":null,"abstract":"Despite increasing interest in the circumstances and outcomes of only children in the demographic literature, the conceptualization of this group has received limited scholarly attention. This research note argues for greater engagement by demographers and social scientists in the conceptualization and identification of only children by addressing three aims. First, we outline potential definitions of only children, present a framework to guide researchers' decisions, and evaluate whether only children can be reliably identified using the British birth cohort studies. Second, we show that the prevalence estimates are contingent on the timing of measurement in childhood, indicating the need for caution when deriving only-child status from cross-sectional household grid data. Third, we demonstrate that both the size and the characteristics of the only-child group may differ across definitions, highlighting that the accurate operationalization of some definitions is particularly restricted by survey designs that prioritize mothers for data collection on children and families. We argue that researchers interested in sole children's outcomes must choose the most appropriate measure for a given research question and, given that many datasets limit how accurately any indicator of only children can capture the chosen definition, reflect on how the operationalization of their measure might affect the results.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adult Children of the Prison Boom: Family Troubles and the Intergenerational Transmission of Criminal Justice Contact. 监狱潮中的成年子女：家庭问题与刑事司法接触的代际传承》（Adult Children of the Prison Boom: Family Troubles and the Intergeneration Transmission of Criminal Justice Contact）。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11153107

Christopher Wildeman, Robert J Sampson, Garrett Baker

{"title":"Adult Children of the Prison Boom: Family Troubles and the Intergenerational Transmission of Criminal Justice Contact.","authors":"Christopher Wildeman, Robert J Sampson, Garrett Baker","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11153107","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11153107","url":null,"abstract":"Intergenerational transmission processes have long been of interest to demographers, but prior research on the intergenerational transmission of criminal justice contact is relatively sparse and limited by its lack of attention to the correlated \"family troubles\" and familial incarceration that predate criminal justice contact. In this article, we provide a test of the intergenerational transmission of criminal justice contact after adjusting extensively for these factors that predate such contact by linking longitudinal data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods with official arrest histories from 1995 to 2020. The results provide support for three conclusions. First, parental criminal justice contact is associated with a shorter time to first arrest and a larger number of arrests even after rigorously accounting for selection. Second, robustness checks demonstrate that neither the magnitude nor the significance of the findings is sensitive to model choices. Third, associations are strongest among White individuals and inconsistently significant for African American and Hispanic individuals. Despite large recent crime declines, the results indicate that parental criminal justice contact elevates the criminal justice contact of the adult children of the prison boom, independent of the often-overlooked troubles that predate criminal justice contact, and that these associations are strongest among the White population.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"141-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Parental Incarceration Shapes the Timing and Structure of Fertility for Children of Incarcerated Parents. 父母被监禁如何影响被监禁父母子女的生育时间和结构》（How Parental Incarceration Shapes the Timing and Structure of Fertility for Children of Incarcerated Parents）。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11164302

Erin J McCauley

{"title":"How Parental Incarceration Shapes the Timing and Structure of Fertility for Children of Incarcerated Parents.","authors":"Erin J McCauley","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11164302","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11164302","url":null,"abstract":"The timing and structure of fertility have important implications for individuals and society. Families play a critical role in fertility; however, little is known about how parental incarceration shapes fertility despite it being a common experience in the life course of disadvantaged children. This study examines the consequences of parental incarceration for children's fertility using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. I employ multiple-decrement life tables and survival analyses to estimate the relationship between parental incarceration and fertility. Individuals who experience parental incarceration have different timing of fertility, with earlier first births and a quicker pace of subsequent births, as well as more nonmarital fertility, compared with those who do not experience parental incarceration. This analysis finds consistent evidence that parental incarceration is associated with the timing and structure of fertility and suggests that a parent's incarceration carries consequences over the life course of children. This study advances our understanding of how mass incarceration shapes American families, illustrates how the broader consequences of mass incarceration contribute to social inequality, and provides evidence that the enduring implications of incarceration span multiple generations.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"165-187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139521883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who Cares? Unpaid Caregiving by Sexual Identity, Gender, and Partnership Status Among U.S. Adults. 从根本上了解家庭动态：南非农村地区的纵向研究。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11145841

Zhe Meredith Zhang, Madeline Smith-Johnson, Bridget K Gorman

{"title":"Who Cares? Unpaid Caregiving by Sexual Identity, Gender, and Partnership Status Among U.S. Adults.","authors":"Zhe Meredith Zhang, Madeline Smith-Johnson, Bridget K Gorman","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11145841","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11145841","url":null,"abstract":"Recent scholarship indicates that sexual minority adults have higher caregiving rates than heterosexuals and that women are more likely to be caregivers than men. However, little research has addressed how gender and sexuality intersect in shaping caregiving status. This study uses data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and aggregates a probability-based sample of adults living in 36 U.S. states between 2015 and 2021. We examine who provides care among adult heterosexual, lesbian, gay, and bisexual men and women. Results reveal that women are more likely to be caregivers than men, but only among heterosexuals. We find little variation in caregiving by sexuality among women, but bisexual men are more likely than heterosexual men to be caregivers; the latter result appears to be driven by unpartnered, bisexual men. Lastly, we contextualize caregivers' experiences and reveal selected descriptive differences in patterns of care recipient-caregiver relationships across gender and sexual identity groups. Our findings advance understanding of caregiving and changing family ties in an era of population aging and increasing diversity in sexual identities.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"115-140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dust to Feed, Dust to Gray: The Effect of in Utero Exposure to the Dust Bowl on Old-Age Longevity. 尘土喂养，尘土变灰：子宫内暴露于沙尘暴对老年长寿的影响》（Dust to Feed, Dust to Gray: The Effect of In Utero Exposure to the Dust Bowl on Old-Age Longevity）。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11140760

Hamid Noghanibehambari, Jason Fletcher

{"title":"Dust to Feed, Dust to Gray: The Effect of in Utero Exposure to the Dust Bowl on Old-Age Longevity.","authors":"Hamid Noghanibehambari, Jason Fletcher","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11140760","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11140760","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive agriculture and deep plowing caused topsoil erosion and dust storms during the 1930s, affecting agricultural income and land values for years. Given the growing literature on the relevance of in utero and early-life exposures, it is surprising that studies focusing on links between the Dust Bowl and later-life health have produced inconclusive and mixed results. We reevaluate this literature and study the long-term effects of in utero and early-life exposure to topsoil erosion caused by the 1930s Dust Bowl on old-age longevity. Specifically, using Social Security Administration death records linked with the full-count 1940 census, we conduct event studies with difference-in-differences designs to compare the longevity of individuals in high- versus low-topsoil-erosion counties before versus after 1930. We find intent-to-treat reductions in longevity of approximately 0.85 months for those born in high-erosion counties after 1930. We show that these effects are not an artifact of preexisting trends in longevity. Additional analyses suggest that the effects are more pronounced among children raised in farm households, females, and those whose mothers had lower education. We also provide suggestive evidence that reductions in adulthood income are a likely mechanism for the effects we document.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"87-113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sunny-Day Flooding and Mortality Risk in Coastal Florida. 佛罗里达州沿海地区的晴天洪水和死亡风险。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11153911

Valerie Mueller, Mathew Hauer, Glenn Sheriff

引用次数: 0

Understanding Household Dynamics From the Ground Up: A Longitudinal Study From a Rural South African Setting. 从根本上了解家庭动态：南非农村地区的纵向研究。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11146140

Shao-Tzu Yu, Brian Houle, Enid Schatz, Nicole Angotti, Chodziwadziwa W Kabudula, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Samuel J Clark, Jane Menken, Sanyu A Mojola

{"title":"Understanding Household Dynamics From the Ground Up: A Longitudinal Study From a Rural South African Setting.","authors":"Shao-Tzu Yu, Brian Houle, Enid Schatz, Nicole Angotti, Chodziwadziwa W Kabudula, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Samuel J Clark, Jane Menken, Sanyu A Mojola","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11146140","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11146140","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations into household structure in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) provide important insight into how families manage domestic life in response to resource allocation and caregiving needs during periods of rapid sociopolitical and health-related challenges. Recent evidence on household structure in many LMICs contrasts with long-standing viewpoints of worldwide convergence to a Western nuclearized household model. Here, we adopt a household-centered theoretical and methodological framework to investigate longitudinal patterns and dynamics of household structure in a rural South African setting during a period of high AIDS-related mortality and socioeconomic change. Data come from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System (2003-2015). Using latent transition models, we derived six distinct household types by examining conditional interdependency between household heads' characteristics, members' age composition, and migration status. More than half of households were characterized by their complex and multigenerational profiles, with considerable within-typology variation in household size and dependency structure. Transition analyses showed stability of household types under female headship, while higher proportions of nuclearized household types dissolved over time. Household dissolution was closely linked to prior mortality experiences-particularly, following death of a male head. Our findings highlight the need to better conceptualize and contextualize household changes across populations and over time.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"31-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Responses to Sexual and Gender Identity Measures in Population-Level Data by Birth Cohort: A Research Note. 按出生组群分列的人口数据中对性取向和性别认同措施的反应：研究说明。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11164985

Christopher A Julian, Wendy D Manning, Krista K Westrick-Payne

{"title":"Responses to Sexual and Gender Identity Measures in Population-Level Data by Birth Cohort: A Research Note.","authors":"Christopher A Julian, Wendy D Manning, Krista K Westrick-Payne","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11164985","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11164985","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of sexual and gender identity in the United States has been evolving to generate more precise demographic estimates of the population and a better understanding of health and well-being. Younger cohorts of sexual- and gender-diverse adults are endorsing identities outside of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) labels. Current population-level surveys often include a category such as \"something else\" without providing further details, and doing so inadequately captures these diverse identities. In this research note, our analysis of the most recent federal data source to incorporate sexual and gender identity measures-the Household Pulse Survey-reveals that younger birth cohorts are more likely to select \"something else\" for their sexual identity and \"none of these\" for their gender identity. The observed sexual and gender identity response patterns across birth cohorts underscore the importance of developing and applying new strategies to directly measure sexual- and gender-diverse adults who identify with identities outside of those explicitly captured on surveys. The integration of sexual and gender identity measures in population-level surveys carries broader implications for civil rights and for addressing health inequities and therefore must be responsive to cohort differences in identification.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"15-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139521886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Partnership Status, Health, and Mortality: Selection or Protection? 伴侣身份、健康和死亡率：选择还是保护？

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11147861

Hill Kulu, Júlia Mikolai, Sebastian Franke

{"title":"Partnership Status, Health, and Mortality: Selection or Protection?","authors":"Hill Kulu, Júlia Mikolai, Sebastian Franke","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11147861","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11147861","url":null,"abstract":"Married individuals have better health and lower mortality than nonmarried people. Studies show that when cohabitants are distinguished from other nonmarried groups, health differences between partnered and nonpartnered individuals become even more pronounced. Some researchers have argued that partnered individuals have better health and lower mortality because a partnership offers protective effects (protection); others have posited that partnered people have better health and lower mortality because healthy persons are more likely to form a union and less likely to dissolve it (selection). This study contributes to this debate by investigating health and mortality by partnership status in England and Wales and analyzing the causes of mortality differences. We use combined data from the British Household Panel Survey and the UK Household Longitudinal Study and apply a simultaneous-equations hazard model to control for observed and unobserved selection into partnerships. We develop a novel approach to identify frailty based on self-rated health. Our analysis shows that partnered individuals have significantly lower mortality than nonpartnered people. We observe some selection into and out of unions on unobserved health characteristics, but the mortality differences by partnership status persist. The study offers strong support for the marital protection hypothesis and extends it to nonmarital partnerships.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"189-207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Welfare Reform and the Quality of Young Children's Home Environments. 福利改革与幼儿家庭环境质量。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11037907

Ariel Kalil, Hope Corman, Dhaval Dave, Ofira Schwarz-Soicher, Nancy E Reichman

{"title":"Welfare Reform and the Quality of Young Children's Home Environments.","authors":"Ariel Kalil, Hope Corman, Dhaval Dave, Ofira Schwarz-Soicher, Nancy E Reichman","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11037907","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11037907","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effects of welfare reform-a major policy shift in the United States that increased low-income mothers' employment and reliance on earnings instead of cash assistance-on the quality of the home environments mothers provide for their preschool-age children. Using empirical methods designed to identify plausibly causal effects, we estimate the effects of welfare reform on validated survey and observational measures of maternal behaviors that support children's cognitive skills and emotional adjustment and the material goods that parents purchase to stimulate their children's skill development. The results suggest that welfare reform did not affect the amount of time and material resources mothers devoted to cognitively stimulating activities with their young children. However, it significantly decreased emotional support provision scores, by approximately 0.3-0.4 standard deviations. The effects appear to be stronger for mothers with lower human capital. The findings provide evidence that welfare reform came at a cost to children in the form of lower quality parenting. They also underscore the importance of considering quality, and not just quantity, in assessing the effects of maternal work-incentive policies on parenting and children's home environments.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1791-1813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0