Demography最新文献_第10页

Adverse Infant Health Outcomes Increased After the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election Among Non-White U.S.-born and Foreign-born Mothers. 2016 年美国总统大选后，美国出生的非白人母亲和外国出生的母亲的婴儿健康不良结果有所增加。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11477581

Paola D Langer, Caitlin Patler, Erin R Hamilton

{"title":"Adverse Infant Health Outcomes Increased After the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election Among Non-White U.S.-born and Foreign-born Mothers.","authors":"Paola D Langer, Caitlin Patler, Erin R Hamilton","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11477581","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11477581","url":null,"abstract":"Macro-level events such as elections can improve or harm population health across existing axes of stratification through policy changes and signals of inclusion or threat. This study investigates whether rates of, and disparities in, adverse birth outcomes between racialized and nativity groups changed after Donald Trump's November 2016 election, a period characterized by increases in xenophobic and racist messages, policies, and actions in the United States. Using data from 15,568,710 U.S. births between November 2012 and November 2018, we find that adverse birth outcomes increased after Trump's election among U.S.- and foreign-born mothers racialized as Black, Hispanic, and Asian and Pacific Islander (API), compared with the period encompassing the two Obama presidencies. Results for Whites suggest no change or a slight decrease in adverse outcomes following Trump's election, yet this finding was not robust to checks for seasonality. Black-White, Hispanic-White, and API-White disparities in adverse birth outcomes widened among both U.S.- and foreign-born mothers after Trump's election. Our findings suggest that Trump's election was a racist and xenophobic macro-level political event that undermined the health of infants born to non-White mothers in the United States.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1211-1239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of the 2021 Child Tax Credit on Housing Affordability and the Living Arrangements of Families With Low Incomes. 2021 年儿童税收抵免对住房负担能力和低收入家庭生活安排的影响》（The Effects of the 2021 Child Tax Credit on Housing Affordability and Living Arrangements of Families With Low Incomes）。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11458327

Natasha V Pilkauskas, Katherine Michelmore, Nicole Kovski

{"title":"The Effects of the 2021 Child Tax Credit on Housing Affordability and the Living Arrangements of Families With Low Incomes.","authors":"Natasha V Pilkauskas, Katherine Michelmore, Nicole Kovski","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11458327","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11458327","url":null,"abstract":"Access to safe and stable housing is important for child and adult well-being. Yet many low-income households face severe challenges in maintaining stable housing. In this article, we examine the impact of the 2021 temporary expansion to the Child Tax Credit (CTC) on housing affordability and the living arrangements of families with low incomes. We employ a parameterized difference-in-differences method and leverage national data from a sample of parents who are receiving or recently received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits (N = ∼20,500), many of whom became newly eligible for the CTC. We find that the monthly CTC reduced parents' past-due rent/mortgages (both amounts and incidence) and their reports of potential moves due to difficulties affording rent/mortgages. The CTC increased the likelihood that parents reported a change in their living arrangements and reduced their household size, both effects driven by fewer mothers living with a partner (and not a reduction in doubling up). We find some differences in effects by race and ethnicity and earnings. Our findings illustrate that the monthly credit improved low-income parents' ability to afford housing, gain residential independence from partners, and reduce the number of people residing in their household.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1069-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Historical Patterns in the Intergenerational Transmission of Lifespan and Longevity: A Research Note on U.S. Cohorts Born Between 1700 and 1900. 寿命和长寿代际传承的历史模式：关于 1700-1900 年间出生的美国群体的研究说明》。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11458359

Saverio Minardi, Giulia Corti, Nicola Barban

{"title":"Historical Patterns in the Intergenerational Transmission of Lifespan and Longevity: A Research Note on U.S. Cohorts Born Between 1700 and 1900.","authors":"Saverio Minardi, Giulia Corti, Nicola Barban","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11458359","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11458359","url":null,"abstract":"This research note examines historical trends in lifespan inequality and the intergenerational transmission of lifespan and longevity in the United States over the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. We contribute to the literature by expanding the estimates of the familial component beyond parent-child associations to include multigenerational and horizontal classes of relatives of different sexes. We also examine how lifespan inequality and the role of the family in lifespan and longevity changed over time. We address the challenge of studying extended family networks in historical times by leveraging recent online crowdsourced genealogical data. Results confirm the presence of a familial component for all classes of relatives considered and highlight a stronger association for horizontal than for vertical relationships. Despite decreasing lifespan inequality, we find no evidence of decreased familial lifespan stratification throughout history. If anything, the results suggest a strengthening of the parent-child association. Finally, the results contribute to the debate on the representativeness and usability of crowdsourced genealogical data by emphasizing the importance of sample selection based on the quality of the information collected.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"979-994"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intergenerational Clustering of Under-Five Mortality: A Cohort Perspective in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. 五岁以下儿童死亡率的代际聚集：中低收入国家的队列视角》。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11477436

Emily Smith-Greenaway, Abigail Weitzman, Yingyi Lin, Katarina Huss

{"title":"Intergenerational Clustering of Under-Five Mortality: A Cohort Perspective in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Emily Smith-Greenaway, Abigail Weitzman, Yingyi Lin, Katarina Huss","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11477436","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11477436","url":null,"abstract":"A burgeoning demographic literature documents the exceedingly high rates at which contemporary cohorts of women across the Global South experience the death of their children-even amid historic declines in child mortality. Yet, the patterning of maternal bereavement remains underinvestigated, as does the extent to which it replicates across generations of the same family. To that end, we ask: Are the surviving daughters of bereaved mothers more likely to eventually experience maternal bereavement? How does the intergenerational clustering of maternal bereavement vary across countries and cohorts? To answer these questions, we make use of Demographic and Health Survey Program data from 50 low- and middle-income countries, encompassing data on 1.05 million women and their mothers spanning three decadal birth cohorts. Descriptive results demonstrate that maternal bereavement is increasingly patterned intergenerationally across cohorts, with most women experiencing the same fate as their mothers. Multivariable hazard models further show that, on average, women whose mothers were maternally bereaved have significantly increased odds of losing a child themselves. In most countries, the association is stable across cohorts; however, in select countries, the risk associated with having a bereaved mother is shrinking among more recent birth cohorts.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1043-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epigenetic Aging Helps Explain Differential Resilience in Older Adults. 表观遗传老化有助于解释老年人不同的恢复能力。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11466635

Eric T Klopack, Eileen M Crimmins

{"title":"Epigenetic Aging Helps Explain Differential Resilience in Older Adults.","authors":"Eric T Klopack, Eileen M Crimmins","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11466635","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11466635","url":null,"abstract":"Past research suggests that resilience to health hazards increases with age, potentially because less resilient individuals die at earlier ages, leaving behind their more resilient peers. Using lifetime cigarette smoking as a model health hazard, we examined whether accelerated epigenetic aging (indicating differences in the speed of individuals' underlying aging process) helps explain age-related resilience in a nationally representative sample of 3,783 older U.S. adults from the Health and Retirement Study. Results of mediation moderation analyses indicated that participants aged 86 or older showed a weaker association between lifetime cigarette smoking and mortality relative to participants aged 76-85 and a weaker association between smoking and multimorbidity relative to all younger cohorts. This moderation effect was mediated by a reduced association between smoking pack-years and epigenetic aging. This research helps identify subpopulations of particularly resilient individuals and identifies epigenetic aging as a potential mechanism explaining this process. Interventions in younger adults could utilize epigenetic aging estimates to identify the most vulnerable individuals and intervene before adverse health outcomes, such as chronic disease morbidity or mortality, manifest.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1023-1041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Negotiating Work and Family Spheres: The Dyadic Effects of Flexible Work Arrangements on Fertility Among Dual-Earner Heterosexual Couples. 协商工作与家庭：灵活的工作安排对双职工异性夫妇生育率的影响。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11466849

Senhu Wang, Jolene Tan

{"title":"Negotiating Work and Family Spheres: The Dyadic Effects of Flexible Work Arrangements on Fertility Among Dual-Earner Heterosexual Couples.","authors":"Senhu Wang, Jolene Tan","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11466849","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11466849","url":null,"abstract":"Academics and policymakers have suggested making flexible work arrangements (FWAs) the default in workplaces to promote a family-friendly workplace culture conducive to having and raising children. However, systematic research investigating how FWAs, as a long-term approach to negotiating work-family spheres, are related to fertility among dual-earner heterosexual couples is limited. Drawing on the linked-lives perspective, we theorize the relationship between FWAs and fertility among couples and potential variation depending on the interplay of both spouses' work and family characteristics. We test our hypotheses using longitudinal couple-level dyadic data in the United Kingdom (2010-2022). We find that although FWA availability alone is unrelated to fertility, wives' (not husbands') FWA use is significantly associated with a higher probability of experiencing a first birth. Moreover, the effect of wives' FWA use is particularly pronounced when both spouses work in professional and managerial occupations and when husbands contribute a larger proportion of income and at least equal housework. This study reveals a gendered effect of FWAs on fertility across work-family arrangements, deepening our understanding of couple-level dynamics in the fertility process.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1241-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141628104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decomposing the Drivers of Population Aging: A Research Note. 分解人口老龄化的驱动因素：研究说明。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11481955

Tabitha Scott, Vladimir Canudas-Romo

{"title":"Decomposing the Drivers of Population Aging: A Research Note.","authors":"Tabitha Scott, Vladimir Canudas-Romo","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11481955","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11481955","url":null,"abstract":"Population aging is an important and increasingly relevant area of study for demographers. A growing body of research seeks to determine how long-term changes in births, mortality, and migration-the three drivers of any demographic process-have shaped the present aging situation. Using variable-r decomposition and cohort data, this research note presents a formula for the change in the old-age dependency ratio to determine the extent to which relative changes in births, as well as in mortality and migration rates, contribute to aging. This perspective provides a careful and in-depth picture of aging and contributes to the debate concerning whether changes in births or mortality have had the strongest effect on population aging. When applied to Australia, the United States, and several European populations, the decomposition of the old-age dependency ratio shows that aging occurred in all populations and that changes in both births and mortality contributed to this aging. Analysis of these populations demonstrates that although they differed regarding which of these factors contributed more, changes in births prevailed as the more significant factor. In nearly all populations, migration decreased the rate of population aging.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1011-1021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response to Carl Schmertmann Commentary-Drawing Cohort Profiles From Period Data: Improvements and Risks. 回应 Carl Schmertmann 评论--从周期数据中提取队列轮廓：改进与风险。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11484973

Alyson A van Raalte, Ugofilippo Basellini, Carlo Giovanni Camarda, Marília Nepomuceno, Mikko Myrskylä

引用次数: 0

Ranking Age-at-Death Distributions Using Dominance: Robust Evaluation of United States Mortality Trends, 2006-2021. 利用多项式对死亡年龄分布进行排序：2006-2021年美国死亡率趋势的稳健评估》（Robust Evaluation of United States Mortality Trends, 2006-2021）。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11460856

Jawa Issa, Tom Van Ourti, Pieter van Baal, Owen O'Donnell

引用次数: 0

Reassessing Chronic Strain: A Research Note on Women's Income Dynamics After Divorce and Separation. 重新评估长期压力：关于离婚和分居后妇女收入动态的研究说明》。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11372303

Thomas Leopold, Matthijs Kalmijn

{"title":"Reassessing Chronic Strain: A Research Note on Women's Income Dynamics After Divorce and Separation.","authors":"Thomas Leopold, Matthijs Kalmijn","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11372303","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11372303","url":null,"abstract":"The economic consequences of divorce and separation for women are commonly associated with the chronic strain model, according to which women's losses are large and persistent. This research note shifts the focus to a crisis model highlighting women's potential of, and routes to, recovery from initial losses. Drawing on German Socio-Economic Panel data (1984-2021) on women in marital and cohabiting unions (N ∼ 27,000 women, N ∼ 3,400 divorces and separations), we use fixed-effects regression models and event-history models to analyze changes in equivalized monthly household income and poverty risk across the process of divorce and separation. Results show that most women recovered from their initial economic declines. Although initial losses were common and often sizable, large fractions of women eventually returned to or exceeded the household income expected in the absence of divorce and separation. Recovery was facilitated by the \"traditional\" route of repartnering and the \"modern\" route of women mobilizing their productive skills. Both routes appeared more important than the absence of barriers, such as children in the household. We conclude that for the majority of women, the economic consequences of divorce and separation are better described as a temporary crisis than as a chronic strain.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"597-613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0