Demography最新文献_第10页

Institutional Context Shapes the Physical Health of College Graduates Differently for U.S. White, Black, and Hispanic Adults. 制度背景对美国白人、黑人和西班牙裔成年人大学毕业生身体健康的影响不同。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11380743

Lauren Gaydosh, Kathleen Mullan Harris

{"title":"Institutional Context Shapes the Physical Health of College Graduates Differently for U.S. White, Black, and Hispanic Adults.","authors":"Lauren Gaydosh, Kathleen Mullan Harris","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11380743","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11380743","url":null,"abstract":"Greater educational attainment is generally associated with healthier and longer lives. However, important heterogeneity in who benefits from educational attainment, how much, and why remains underexplored. In particular, in the United States, the physical health returns to educational attainment are not as large for minoritized racial and ethnic groups compared with individuals racialized as White. Yet, our current understanding of ethnoracial differences in educational health disparities is limited by an almost exclusive focus on the quantity of education attained without sufficient attention to heterogeneity within educational attainment categories, such as different institution types among college graduates. Using biomarker data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we test whether the physical health of college graduates in early adulthood (aged 24-32) varies by institution type and for White, Black, and Hispanic adults. In considering the role of the college context, we conceptualize postsecondary institutions as horizontally stratified and racialized institutional spaces with different implications for the health of their graduates. Finally, we quantify the role of differential attendance at and returns to postsecondary institution type in shaping ethnoracialized health disparities among college graduates in early adulthood.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"933-966"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scenarios of Delayed First Births and Associated Cohort Fertility Levels. 推迟首次生育的情景和相关的群组生育率水平。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11315685

Maria Winkler-Dworak, Maria Pohl, Eva Beaujouan

{"title":"Scenarios of Delayed First Births and Associated Cohort Fertility Levels.","authors":"Maria Winkler-Dworak, Maria Pohl, Eva Beaujouan","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11315685","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11315685","url":null,"abstract":"Fertility rates among individuals in their 20s have fallen sharply across Europe over the past 50 years. The implications of delayed first births for fertility levels in modern family regimes remain little understood. Using microsimulation models of childbearing and partnership for the 1970-1979 birth cohorts in Italy, Great Britain, Sweden, and Norway, we implement fictive scenarios that reduce the risk of having a first child before age 30 and examine fertility recovery mechanisms for aggregate fertility indicators (the proportion of women with at least one, two, three, or four children; cohort completed fertility rate). Exposure to a first birth increases systematically in the ages following the simulated reduction in first-birth risks, leading to a structural recovery in childbearing that varies across countries according to their fertility and partnership regimes. Full recovery requires an increase in late first-birth risks, with greater increases in countries where late family formation is uncommon and average family sizes are larger: in scenarios where early fertility declines substantially (a linear decline from 50% at age 15 to 0% at age 30), first-birth risks above age 30 would have to increase by 54% in Great Britain, 40% in Norway and Sweden, and 20% in Italy to keep completed fertility constant.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"687-710"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141089009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retirement Makes You Old? Causal Effect of Retirement on Biological Age. 退休让你变老？退休对生物年龄的因果效应。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11380637

Shiro Furuya, Jason M Fletcher

{"title":"Retirement Makes You Old? Causal Effect of Retirement on Biological Age.","authors":"Shiro Furuya, Jason M Fletcher","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11380637","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11380637","url":null,"abstract":"Retirement is a critical life event for older people. Health scholars have scrutinized the health effects of retirement, but its consequences on age-related diseases and mortality are unclear. We extend this body of research by integrating measurements of biological age, representing the physiological decline preceding disease onset. Using data from the UK Biobank and a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we estimated the effects of retirement on two biomarker-based biological age measures. Results showed that retirement significantly increases biological age for those induced to retire by the State Pension eligibility by 0.871-2.503 years, depending on sex and specific biological age measurement. Given the emerging scientific discussion about direct interventions to biological age to achieve additional improvements in population health, the positive effect of retirement on biological age has important implications for an increase in the State Pension eligibility age and its potential consequences on population health, public health care policy, and older people's labor force participation. Overall, this study provides novel empirical evidence contributing to the question of what social factors make people old.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"901-931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Timing of a First Romantic Union Among Sexual Minority Young Adults. 性少数群体青年首次恋爱结合的时间。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11380562

Sara Mernitz, Jaime Hsu, Amanda Pollitt

{"title":"Timing of a First Romantic Union Among Sexual Minority Young Adults.","authors":"Sara Mernitz, Jaime Hsu, Amanda Pollitt","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11380562","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11380562","url":null,"abstract":"Cohabitation and marriage are critical milestones during the transition to adulthood; however, there is limited research on the timing of young adults' first same-sex unions. There is some evidence that same-sex unions may be delayed, particularly for men. Further, formation of both same- and different-sex dating relationships, common among sexual minority young adults, may also extend to cohabitation and marriage. We used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to predict the timing of a first romantic union, defined as a cohabitation or marriage, among sexual minority young adults. We then distinguished between women and men and the timing of a different-sex versus a same-sex union. Compared with heterosexual young adults, lesbian and gay young adults entered a union at later ages (driven by men), whereas bisexual young adults entered a union at younger ages (driven by women). Lesbian and gay young adults who entered a first union with a same-sex partner did so at later ages than those who entered a first union with a different-sex partner. Results suggest that patterns of sexual minority dating relationship formation might extend to unions.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"879-899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141077191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Research Note on Community Resilience Estimates: New U.S. Census Bureau Data With an Application to Excess Deaths From COVID-19. 关于社区复原力估算的研究说明：美国人口普查局新数据与 COVID-19 超额死亡的应用。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11374710

John Anders, Craig Wesley Carpenter, Katherine Ann Willyard, Bethany DeSalvo

{"title":"A Research Note on Community Resilience Estimates: New U.S. Census Bureau Data With an Application to Excess Deaths From COVID-19.","authors":"John Anders, Craig Wesley Carpenter, Katherine Ann Willyard, Bethany DeSalvo","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11374710","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11374710","url":null,"abstract":"In this research note, we describe the results of the first validation study of the U.S. Census Bureau's new Community Resilience Estimates (CRE), which uses Census microdata to develop a tract-level vulnerability index for the United States. By employing administrative microdata to link Social Security Administration mortality records to CRE, we show that CRE quartiles provide more stable predictions of COVID-19 excess deaths than single demographic categorizations such as race or age, as well as other vulnerability measures including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Risk Index (NRI). We also use machine learning techniques to show that CRE provides more predictive power of COVID-19 excess deaths than standard socioeconomic predictors of vulnerability such as poverty and unemployment, as well as SVI and NRI. We find that a 10-percentage-point increase in a key CRE risk measure is associated with one additional death per neighborhood during the initial outbreak of COVID-19 in the United States. We conclude that, compared with alternative measures, CRE provides a more accurate predictor of community vulnerability to a disaster such as a pandemic.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"627-642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

National Population Growth Rate, Its Components, and Subnational Contributions: A Research Note. 全国人口增长率、其组成部分以及国家以下各级的贡献：研究说明。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11372369

Vladimir Canudas-Romo, Tianyu Shen, Collin F Payne

{"title":"National Population Growth Rate, Its Components, and Subnational Contributions: A Research Note.","authors":"Vladimir Canudas-Romo, Tianyu Shen, Collin F Payne","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11372369","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11372369","url":null,"abstract":"A population's current growth rate is determined jointly by changes in fertility, mortality, and migration. This overall growth rate is also the average of age-specific growth rates, which can be decomposed into the result of historical changes in fertility, mortality, and migration. However, doing so requires more than 100 years of historical data, meaning that such analyses are possible only in a select few populations. In this research note, we propose an adapted version of the variable-r model to measure contributions to the population growth rate for countries with shorter demographic series. In addition, we extend this model to explore the contribution of subnational changes to the national population growth rate. Our results demonstrate that the age-specific growth rates obtained from short historical series, say 25 years, closely match those of the longer series. These abbreviated age-specific growth rates closely resemble the growth rate at birth of their respective cohorts, which is the major determinant of population growth, except at older ages where mortality becomes the main explanatory element. Exploring subnational populations, we find considerable heterogeneity in the age profile of the components of growth and find that the most populous regions tend to have an outsized impact on national-level growth.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"615-626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimating 1a0 and 4a1 in a Life Table: A Model Approach Based on Newly Collected Data. 估算生命表中的 1a0 和 4a1：基于新收集数据的模型方法。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11330227

Julio Romero-Prieto, Andrea Verhulst, Michel Guillot

{"title":"Estimating 1a0 and 4a1 in a Life Table: A Model Approach Based on Newly Collected Data.","authors":"Julio Romero-Prieto, Andrea Verhulst, Michel Guillot","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11330227","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11330227","url":null,"abstract":"The average age of infant deaths, a10, and the average number of years lived-in the age interval-by those dying between ages 1 and 5, a41, are important quantities allowing the construction of any life table including these ages. In many applications, the direct calculation of these parameters is not possible, so they are estimated using the infant mortality rate-or the death rate from 0 to 1-as a predictor. Existing methods are general approximations that do not consider the full variability in the age patterns of mortality below the age of 5. However, at the same level of mortality, under-five deaths can be more or less concentrated during the first weeks and months of life, thus resulting in very different values of a10 and a41. This article proposes an indirect estimation of these parameters by using a recently developed model of under-five mortality and taking advantage of a new, comprehensive database by detailed age-which is used for validation. The model adapts to a variety of inputs (e.g., rates, probabilities, or the proportion of deaths by sex or for both sexes combined), providing more flexibility for the users and increasing the precision of the estimates. This fresh perspective consolidates a new method that outperforms all previous approaches.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"643-664"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sibling Availability, Sibling Sorting, and Subjective Health Among Chinese Adults. 中国成年人的兄弟姐妹可得性、兄弟姐妹排序与主观健康。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11376831

Haowei Wang, Ashton M Verdery, Rachel Margolis

{"title":"Sibling Availability, Sibling Sorting, and Subjective Health Among Chinese Adults.","authors":"Haowei Wang, Ashton M Verdery, Rachel Margolis","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11376831","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11376831","url":null,"abstract":"Despite rising numbers of only children in China, little is known about their family dynamics and well-being in adulthood-for example, how often they marry other only children and whether those in siblingless families have worse or better health than others. Theoretical expectations produce opposing predictions: siblings might provide social and emotional support and reduce parental caregiving pressures, but only children might receive more support from parents and grandparents. Using the 2010 China Family Panel Study, we examine marital sorting on Chinese adults' number of siblings and test whether sibling availability and sibling sorting are associated with subjective physical and mental health. Despite general perceptions that China has an exceedingly high prevalence of adults with no siblings that might produce very small families, results demonstrate a low prevalence of siblingless couples (i.e., both spouses are only children). Married adults with no siblings or siblings-in-law have better subjective physical health but similar levels of subjective mental health relative to their counterparts with siblings. The health advantages of siblingless marital unions are greater for rural and female adults. Declining sibling prevalence in China will shape future family demographic dynamics but appears less detrimental to population health than sometimes assumed.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"797-827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Test of the Validity of Imputed Legal Immigration Status. 测试推定合法移民身份的有效性。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11189687

Marcelo Castillo, Alexandra Hill, Thomas Hertz

引用次数: 0

Separating Scarring Effect and Selection of Early-Life Exposures With Genetic Data. 利用基因数据分离瘢痕效应和生命早期暴露的选择。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11239766

Shiro Furuya, Fengyi Zheng, Qiongshi Lu, Jason M Fletcher

{"title":"Separating Scarring Effect and Selection of Early-Life Exposures With Genetic Data.","authors":"Shiro Furuya, Fengyi Zheng, Qiongshi Lu, Jason M Fletcher","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11239766","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11239766","url":null,"abstract":"Causal life course research examining consequences of early-life exposures has largely relied on associations between early-life environments and later-life outcomes using exogenous environmental shocks. Nonetheless, even with (quasi-)randomized early-life exposures, these associations may reflect not only causation (\"scarring\") but also selection (i.e., which members are included in data assessing later life). Investigating this selection and its impacts on estimated effects of early-life conditions has, however, often been ignored because of a lack of pre-exposure data. This study proposes an approach for assessing and correcting selection, separately from scarring, using genetic measurements. Because genetic measurements are determined at the time of conception, any associations with early-life exposures should be interpreted as selection. Using data from the UK Biobank, we find that in utero exposure to a higher area-level infant mortality rate is associated with genetic predispositions correlated with better educational attainment and health. These findings point to the direction and magnitude of selection from this exposure. Corrections for this selection in examinations of effects of exposure on later educational attainment suggest underestimates of 26-74%; effects on other life course outcomes also vary across selection correction methods.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"363-392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0