IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11587755

Gabriele Beccari, Matilde Giaccherini, Joanna Kopinska, Gabriele Rovigatti

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Multiple Births on Fertility: Stopping and Spacing in the United States During the Demographic Transition. 多胎对生育率的影响：美国人口结构转型期的停止生育和生育间隔。

IF 4.3 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11577526

George Alter, J David Hacker

{"title":"The Impact of Multiple Births on Fertility: Stopping and Spacing in the United States During the Demographic Transition.","authors":"George Alter, J David Hacker","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11577526","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11577526","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple births strain mothers' and families' resources in ways that should highlight preferences for family size, birth spacing, and parity-dependent stopping behavior. Couples with surviving twins reach their target family size sooner than other couples and should be more likely to practice family limitation. Twins are also a greater burden on the mother's time and health, which could lead to postponing the next birth, even among couples who want additional children. We examine these hypotheses by analyzing families with twins in the 1900 and 1910 U.S. Censuses. Using reconstructed birth histories for more than 7 million women in the IPUMS full-count 1900 and 1910 datasets and event-history methods (Kaplan-Meier curves, cure models), we find clear evidence of family limitation following a multiple birth. Couples who had twins or triplets were more likely to stop childbearing, and those who continued having children delayed their next birth. Responses to multiple births were larger in groups previously identified as leaders in the transition to smaller families, and roughly one third of couples stopped after one or two children. We find no evidence that some groups relied primarily on birth spacing to reduce family size while others relied primarily on stopping.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1509-1533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing Electronic Health Records for Describing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: A Research Note. 评估电子健康记录对种族和民族健康差异的描述：研究说明。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11582088

Aubrey Limburg, Jordan Young, Timothy S Carey, Paul Roman Chelminski, Victoria M Udalova, Barbara Entwisle

引用次数: 0

Research Note: The Association Between Parity and Odds of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementias Status. 研究说明：罹患阿尔茨海默病和痴呆症的几率与罹患阿尔茨海默病和痴呆症的几率之间的关系。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11585876

Yan Zhang, Jason M Fletcher

{"title":"Research Note: The Association Between Parity and Odds of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementias Status.","authors":"Yan Zhang, Jason M Fletcher","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11585876","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11585876","url":null,"abstract":"While parity is a significant factor influencing parental health, its relationship with dementia remains underexplored. This research note advances the literature by conducting a well-powered analysis of associations between parity (i.e., number of children) and Alzheimer's disease and dementias (AD/D) status in large-scale population data. The data contain a large number of AD/D cases (37,228 women and 19,846 men), allowing a range (1-10) of parity associations to be estimated precisely. Using proxy (adult child's) reports of parental AD/D status, we find that both fathers and mothers with grand multiparity have decreased odds of AD/D status, and the effect sizes become larger as parity increases, with 30-40% reduction in AD/D status at parities above 7. The association is stronger for mothers than for fathers. This finding differs from much of the prior literature and likely suggests the impact of parity, as one of the important life course contexts, on people's cognitive function and risk of having AD/D. Finally, we include population projections that consider how large changes in parity distributions over time may contribute to small elevations in AD/D rates.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1339-1350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Migrants Exhibit More Grit? A Research Note. 移民是否更有勇气？研究说明。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11577556

Michael J White, Tyler W Myroniuk, Carren Ginsburg, Chantel Pheiffer

{"title":"Do Migrants Exhibit More Grit? A Research Note.","authors":"Michael J White, Tyler W Myroniuk, Carren Ginsburg, Chantel Pheiffer","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11577556","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11577556","url":null,"abstract":"Strong expectations exist for the selectivity of migration along key demographic characteristics, such as age, sex, and education, which are often linked to social and economic drivers. Scholars acknowledge, however, that migratory behavior is also likely to be selective on characteristics that are less readily observable. This research note expands the list by examining \"grit\"-in other words, a measure of perseverance in the face of adversity. We test for a relationship between South African rural-urban migration, net of other standard covariates, and an established composite psychosocial measure of grit. We draw on two waves of survey data originating from a demographic surveillance platform but with respondents followed irrespective of their subsequent geographic mobility. Simple bivariate regressions suggest that grit is strongly associated with migration. Using multivariate models, we continue to detect a statistically significant association of migration with grit in the presence of controls. When the model is further refined to stratify by sex and separate geographic destinations, a sex differential emerges, with grit being more predictive for females. We conclude by suggesting that such findings should encourage broader inquiries that consider grit and other psychological characteristics, particularly investigations that might help further illuminate differentials by the experience of gender.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1309-1323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Family Planning and Children's Human Capital: Experimental Evidence From Urban Malawi. 计划生育与儿童的人力资本：马拉维城市的实验证据》。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11581796

Daniel Maggio, Mahesh Karra, David Canning

{"title":"Family Planning and Children's Human Capital: Experimental Evidence From Urban Malawi.","authors":"Daniel Maggio, Mahesh Karra, David Canning","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11581796","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11581796","url":null,"abstract":"We conduct a randomized controlled trial that provides pregnant and immediate postpartum women with improved access to family planning through counseling, free transportation to a clinic, and financial reimbursement for family planning services over two years. We study the effects of our intervention on child growth and development outcomes among 1,034 children born to participating women directly before the intervention rollout. We find that children born to mothers assigned to the family planning intervention arm were 0.28-0.34 standard deviations taller for their age and 10.7-12.0 percentage points less likely to be stunted within a year of exposure to the intervention. Children born to mothers assigned to the intervention arm also scored 0.17-0.20 standard deviations higher on a caregiver-reported measure of cognitive development after two years of intervention exposure. Although the nonmeasurement of children is a challenge in our study, our estimates are robust to multiple methods of correcting for potential attrition bias. Our results are consistent with models of fertility that link couples' fertility decisions to child health and human capital. Our results also suggest that improved access to family planning might have positive downstream effects on child health beyond contraceptive use and fertility outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1667-1698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ideal Family Size and Reproductive Orientations: An Exploration of Change Over Time in the United States. 理想家庭规模与生育取向：美国随时间变化的探索。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11577510

Julia A Behrman

引用次数: 0

The Total Effect of Social Origins on Educational Attainment: Meta-analysis of Sibling Correlations From 18 Countries. 社会出身对教育成就的总体影响：对 18 个国家兄弟姐妹相关性的元分析。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11579806

Lewis R Anderson, Patrick Präg, Evelina T Akimova, Christiaan Monden

{"title":"The Total Effect of Social Origins on Educational Attainment: Meta-analysis of Sibling Correlations From 18 Countries.","authors":"Lewis R Anderson, Patrick Präg, Evelina T Akimova, Christiaan Monden","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11579806","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11579806","url":null,"abstract":"The sibling correlation (SC), which estimates the total effect of family background (i.e., social origins), can be interpreted as measuring a society's inequality of opportunity. Its sensitivity to observed and unobserved factors makes the SC an all-encompassing measure and an attractive choice for comparative research. We gather and summarize all available estimates of SCs in educational attainment (M = .46, SD = .09) and employ meta-regression to explore variability in these estimates. First, we find significantly lower SCs in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark than in the United States, with U.S. correlations roughly .10 (i.e., 25%) higher. Most other (primarily European) countries in our study are estimated to fall in between these countries and the United States. Second, we find a novel Great Gatsby Curve-type positive association between income inequality in childhood and the SC, both cross-nationally and within countries over time. This finding supports theoretical accounts of the Great Gatsby Curve that emphasize the role of educational inequality as a link between economic inequality and social immobility. It implies that greater equality of educational opportunity likely requires reduced economic inequality. Additionally, correlations between sisters are modestly higher, on average, than those between brothers or all siblings, and we find no overall differences between cohorts.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1637-1666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Population Growth, Immigration, and Labor Market Dynamics. 人口增长、移民和劳动力市场动态。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11579897

Michael W L Elsby, Jennifer C Smith, Jonathan Wadsworth

引用次数: 0

Daily Diversity Flows: Racial and Ethnic Context Between Home and Work. 日常多样性流动：家庭与工作之间的种族和民族背景。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11567098

Chris Hess, Matt Hall

{"title":"Daily Diversity Flows: Racial and Ethnic Context Between Home and Work.","authors":"Chris Hess, Matt Hall","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11567098","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11567098","url":null,"abstract":"The racial and ethnic diversification of the U.S. population has transformed the demographic makeup of communities and rapidly increased exposure to diversity in American neighborhoods. Although diversity exposure occurs throughout people's daily lives, the conventional approach to describing diversity only at places of residence potentially understates the full extent of this phenomenon. In this study, we explore short-term, within-day changes in the diversity of different neighborhoods by considering U.S. workers' work and residential locations. Using estimates for daytime and nighttime populations among metropolitan census tracts, our empirical analyses investigate the extent to which the process of daytime mobility for work relates to changes in the racial and ethnic diversity of different spaces. Our results indicate widespread daily shifts toward diversity for most neighborhood types, especially those with residential (nighttime) populations that are predominantly Black, Latino, or Asian. We find that patterns of intraday diversification experienced minor declines across recent decades but are present in most metropolitan areas. Our findings also show that intraday changes in racial and ethnic diversity overlap with nonracial forms of daily diversity change. Further, average within-day changes in diversity are more pronounced in areas with greater residential segregation.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1483-1508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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