Demography最新文献

Legalization and Long-Term Outcomes of Immigrant Workers. 移民工人的合法化和长期结果。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11996794

Claudio Deiana, Ludovica Giua, Roberto Nisticò

引用次数: 0

Gender Asymmetry in the Fertility of Racially and Ethnically Exogamous U.S. Couples. 美国种族和民族异族通婚夫妇生育能力中的性别不对称。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11968125

Margaret M Weden, Michael S Rendall, Joey Brown

{"title":"Gender Asymmetry in the Fertility of Racially and Ethnically Exogamous U.S. Couples.","authors":"Margaret M Weden, Michael S Rendall, Joey Brown","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11968125","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11968125","url":null,"abstract":"Hypotheses explaining fertility levels in unions of women and men with different racial and ethnic origins (exogamous union fertility)-including stigma, in-between, pronatal, and assimilative fertility-apply equally when the minority group partner is the woman or the man. As an alternative, we propose a gendered theorizing of exogamous union fertility in which the fertility preferences of either the woman's or the man's racial and ethnic group might dominate. Our analyses reveal strong support for male-predominant patterns: the couple's fertility is nearer to that in an endogamous union of the man's racial and ethnic group than to that of an endogamous union of the woman's racial and ethnic group. We conjecture that women selecting into exogamous unions to realize their own individual fertility preferences might partially explain this finding. We find no cases of female predominance, in which the couple's fertility is nearer to that in an endogamous union of the woman's racial and ethnic group than that of an endogamous union of the man's racial and ethnic group. In addition, using a simple fertility model in which both the woman's and the man's racial and ethnic groups are included as predictors, we find that only the man's coefficients are statistically and substantively significant. A critical implication of our findings is that the standard demographic practice of using the woman's racial and ethnic group will increasingly downwardly bias estimates of fertility differences by race and ethnicity in the United States as exogamy becomes increasingly common.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"947-970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Segregation, Choices, and Inequality in Educational Outcomes: Evidence From Revealed Choice Data. 教育结果中的隔离、选择和不平等：来自公开选择数据的证据。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11994413

Dafna Gelbgiser, Sigal Alon

{"title":"Segregation, Choices, and Inequality in Educational Outcomes: Evidence From Revealed Choice Data.","authors":"Dafna Gelbgiser, Sigal Alon","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11994413","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11994413","url":null,"abstract":"Disparities in educational trajectories and outcomes of segregated social groups concern population scientists and policymakers worldwide. This study examines the role of decision-making processes in generating educational disparities across groups in a segregated society. We argue that the unequal opportunity structure associated with segregation yields systematic disparities in decision-making that underlie choices, resulting in suboptimal outcomes for disadvantaged social groups. We test this argument using unique administrative records on the college application choices of Jewish and Arab applicants to universities in Israel, a country characterized by pronounced segregation, educational disparities, and labor market stratification. The data and settings allow us to isolate factors frequently used to explain disparities in university application choices by discounting costs, geographic proximity, and information constraints. Results from conditional logit (choice) models reveal group variations in how academically equivalent applicants weigh program characteristics, leading to significant disparities in the incidence of academic mismatch. These variations explain a substantial portion of the gap in university admissions between Jewish and Arab applicants. These findings demonstrate that stratified decision-making processes are an important link between segregation and inequality in life chances.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1029-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Functional Limitations Among U.S.-born Older Adults: Examining the Role of Physically Demanding Work. 在美国出生的老年人中，功能限制的种族和民族差异：检查体力要求高的工作的作用。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11977071

Sung S Park, Anne R Pebley, Noreen Goldman, Boriana Pratt, Mara Getz Sheftel

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Functional Limitations Among U.S.-born Older Adults: Examining the Role of Physically Demanding Work.","authors":"Sung S Park, Anne R Pebley, Noreen Goldman, Boriana Pratt, Mara Getz Sheftel","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11977071","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11977071","url":null,"abstract":"Work is an important contributor to racial and ethnic disparities in health across the life course. Because functional limitations at older ages are associated with accumulated physical wear and tear throughout life, investigating work-related mechanisms that differentially expose Black and Hispanic Americans to difficult material circumstances over time is an important step toward understanding these disparities. Using a new data source of lifetime work histories from the Health and Retirement Study, this study investigates the role of accumulated years of physically demanding work (PDW) through middle adulthood on the number of functional limitations at age 60 (FL60). This study also assesses whether cumulative PDW accounts for the observed differences in FL60 among U.S.-born Black, Hispanic, and White respondents. We find that cumulative PDW is strongly associated with FL60 and partially accounts for the racial and ethnic gap in FL60 in the presence of extensive control variables. We also demonstrate that a traditional regression model underestimates the Black-White and Black-Hispanic differences in FL60 compared with a marginal structural model with an inverse probability of treatment weighting approach. Our results illustrate the importance of studying work from a life course perspective that ultimately influences the health of the diverse, aging U.S. population.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1003-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Mediating Role of Intergenerational Stratification in the Long Arm of Childhood Income. 代际分层在儿童收入长臂中的中介作用。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11960590

David Brady, Manjing Gao, Christian Guerra, Ulrich Kohler, Bruce Link

{"title":"The Mediating Role of Intergenerational Stratification in the Long Arm of Childhood Income.","authors":"David Brady, Manjing Gao, Christian Guerra, Ulrich Kohler, Bruce Link","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11960590","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11960590","url":null,"abstract":"We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to investigate whether and how intergenerational income stratification mediates the long arm of childhood income for mature adult health. Using three different mediation techniques, we analyze prospective high-quality data on childhood income (ages 0-17) and six health outcomes (ages 40-67): self-rated health, psychological distress, heart attack, stroke, and life-threatening and non-life-threatening chronic conditions. We focus on the mediating role of adult income (ages 30-39). For comparison, we also analyze several alternative potential mediators, including education, health behaviors, and occupation. The results show that adult income is a critical mediator in the long arm of childhood income, mediating almost all the relationship for self-rated health and psychological distress, roughly one half of the relationship for heart attack and stroke, and roughly one third of the relationship for life-threatening chronic conditions. The models also confirm that childhood income has a significant mediated or indirect relationship with health outcomes. Further analyses provide evidence that adult income plays a greater mediating role than the alternative potential mediators. Altogether, the evidence supports intergenerational income stratification as a key mediating process within the long arm of childhood income.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"923-945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Communal Violence on Women's Marital Outcomes. 社区暴力对女性婚姻结果的影响。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11995654

Devaki Ghose, Divya Pandey

引用次数: 0

Trends in Mothers' Work Schedules in the United States, 1988-2019: Differences by Education, Family Structure, and Race and Ethnicity. 1988-2019年美国母亲工作时间表的趋势：教育、家庭结构、种族和民族的差异

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11967231

Alejandra Ros Pilarz, Anna K Walther

{"title":"Trends in Mothers' Work Schedules in the United States, 1988-2019: Differences by Education, Family Structure, and Race and Ethnicity.","authors":"Alejandra Ros Pilarz, Anna K Walther","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11967231","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11967231","url":null,"abstract":"The latter half of the twentieth century saw dramatic increases in mothers' labor force participation rates, accompanied by declining job quality and increasing labor market inequality. Despite evidence of growing labor market inequality in wages and benefits, less is known about how job quality changed with respect to work schedules. This study tests the hypothesis that mothers' employment in jobs with nonstandard schedules increased between 1988 and 2019 and that such schedules are increasingly concentrated among mothers with lower education levels, single mothers, and mothers of color, who are overrepresented in low-wage jobs. We find that mothers' employment in jobs with nonstandard schedules stayed relatively flat at 15% to 16%, and the prevalence of weekend work increased from 15% to 18%. Moreover, we find growing disparities in who works nonstandard schedules. The propensity to work such schedules increased among mothers with less than a college degree, single mothers living without other adults, and Black mothers relative to mothers with a college degree, married mothers, and White mothers, respectively. Additionally, mothers are more likely to work nonstandard schedules for involuntary reasons than before the Great Recession.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"971-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Emergent Motherhood Mental Health Advantage: Did Pandemic Times Make a Difference? 紧急母性心理健康优势：流行病时期有影响吗？

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11979673

Kei Nomaguchi, Melissa A Milkie, Francesca A Marino

{"title":"The Emergent Motherhood Mental Health Advantage: Did Pandemic Times Make a Difference?","authors":"Kei Nomaguchi, Melissa A Milkie, Francesca A Marino","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11979673","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11979673","url":null,"abstract":"Research indicates that a new pattern of motherhood well-being advantage emerged in the 2010s for U.S. women. Although scholars have argued that maternal mental health worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, whether the parenthood mental health gap changed during the pandemic is unclear. Using data from the National Health Interview Survey (N = 29,241), this study examines the parenthood gap in yearly and quarterly changes in anxiety and depression during 2019-2021 for women aged 18-59, with attention to variation by partnership status. The results show that changes in anxiety and depression prevalence were similar across parental and partnership statuses, with indications that maternal advantages expanded among women who were single. In October-December 2020, anxiety prevalence increased more for single women without minor children of their own living in the household (\"nonmothers\") than for single or partnered mothers. In April-June 2021, anxiety declined among mothers, especially single mothers, but remained higher than before the pandemic among single nonmothers. Some of these group differences in anxiety changes became nonsignificant after we controlled for household economic conditions, which were better in 2021 than in 2019 for all groups, particularly single mothers. In sum, trends in motherhood mental health advantages continued throughout the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"839-878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling and Forecasting Healthy Life Expectancy With Compositional Data Analysis. 用成分数据分析建模和预测健康预期寿命。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11974712

Marie-Pier Bergeron Boucher, Cosmo Strozza, Violetta Simonacci, Jim Oeppen

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Extended Parental Benefits on Parents' Employment and Earnings in Canada. 延长父母福利对加拿大父母就业和收入的影响。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11958785

Youjin Choi, Rachel Margolis, Anders Holm

{"title":"The Effects of Extended Parental Benefits on Parents' Employment and Earnings in Canada.","authors":"Youjin Choi, Rachel Margolis, Anders Holm","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11958785","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11958785","url":null,"abstract":"Paid parental benefits, with individually earmarked time for mothers and fathers, aim to promote gender equality in labor force participation, wages, and childcare. The Canadian province of Québec expanded parental benefits over and above the federal policy in 2006 with the Québec Parental Insurance Plan (QPIP), which introduced paid paternity leave and lower eligibility criteria as its key features. This policy aimed to increase gender equality by encouraging fathers to use parental benefits and expanding coverage to low-income parents. Using Canadian administrative data and exploiting the policy changes in 2006 as a natural experiment, we examine the effects of Québec's extended parental benefits policy on parents' employment and earnings over 10 years after the transition to parenthood. First, we find that fathers' use of parental benefits had positive long-run effects on mothers' and fathers' earnings 8-10 years after a first birth. Second, we find that among women with low earnings before the transition to parenthood, QPIP increased the likelihood of employment 1-7 years after a first birth. This article provides the first evidence that a policy dramatically expanding parental benefits and encouraging use among both parents can have long-term positive effects on parents' labor market outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"879-898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0