Demography最新文献

Can Family Policies Enhance Fertility? An Ex Ante Evaluation Through Factorial Survey Experiments.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11775048

Raffaele Guetto, Giammarco Alderotti, Daniele Vignoli

{"title":"Can Family Policies Enhance Fertility? An Ex Ante Evaluation Through Factorial Survey Experiments.","authors":"Raffaele Guetto, Giammarco Alderotti, Daniele Vignoli","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11775048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11775048","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the family policies-fertility nexus by assessing the potential impact of parental leaves, childcare services, and child benefits on fertility through a factorial survey experiment (FSE). We focus on Italy, where persistently low fertility rates are often linked to limited welfare support for families. We surveyed 4,022 respondents aged 20-44 and exposed them to various scenarios characterized by different family policy packages. We asked them to ascribe short-term fertility behavior to a fictitious couple under each scenario. Results show that each family-friendly policy envisioned positively impacts ascribed fertility. The availability of full-time, public childcare services seems more relevant than higher child benefits, whereas more generous and gender-equal parental leaves are perceived as less relevant. However, results suggest that only a consistent mix of financial benefits, parental leave schemes, and childcare provisions can boost fertility. In contrast, marginal changes in single policy levers are most likely ineffective. The FSE reveals that a couple's socioeconomic status is perceived as more important than family policies for fertility: ascribed fertility increases when both partners are employed and household income is high. We conclude by discussing the policy implications of our findings.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trends in the Developmental Gradient in Mothers' Parenting Time by Maternal Education, 2003-2019.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11774972

Melody Ge Gao

引用次数: 0

Research Note: New Estimates of Immigrants' Self-employment From Linked Tax Records.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11773170

Christopher R Tamborini, Andrés Villarreal

引用次数: 0

The Intergenerational Legacy of Indian Residential Schools. 印第安寄宿学校的代际传承。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11679677

Maggie E C Jones

{"title":"The Intergenerational Legacy of Indian Residential Schools.","authors":"Maggie E C Jones","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11679677","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11679677","url":null,"abstract":"From the late nineteenth century until the end of the twentieth century, the Canadian government collaborated with Christian churches to operate a network of boarding schools for Indigenous children to culturally and economically assimilate them. These children were taken from their families and placed into residential schools, where they were to be assimilated into the Eurocentric culture of the dominant society. Using a unique restricted-access database that asked Indigenous respondents about their family history with residential schools, in addition to questions on socioeconomic outcomes, I study the intergenerational effects of these schools. Despite previous research showing that residential schools increased human capital accumulation among attendees, I find that residential schools are associated with lower educational attainment among subsequent generations. I present evidence consistent with the notion that both cultural detachment and a breakdown in family relationships contributed to a reversal of the standard relationship between parents' and children's human capital. Encouragingly, I find suggestive evidence that greater access to cultural centers might buffer the harmful legacy of this historical trauma.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1871-1895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward a New Approach to Creating Population-Representative Data for Demographic Research. 建立人口统计研究人口代表性数据的新途径。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11693878

Brady T West, Mick P Couper, William G Axinn, James Wagner, Rebecca Gatward, Htay-Wah Saw, Shiyu Zhang

{"title":"Toward a New Approach to Creating Population-Representative Data for Demographic Research.","authors":"Brady T West, Mick P Couper, William G Axinn, James Wagner, Rebecca Gatward, Htay-Wah Saw, Shiyu Zhang","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11693878","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11693878","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of innovative web-based data collection methods that are convenient for the general public and that yield high-quality scientific information for demographic researchers has become critical. Web-based methods are crucial for researchers with nationally representative research objectives but without the resources of larger organizations. The web mode is appealing because it is inexpensive relative to in-person and telephone modes, and it affords a high level of privacy. We evaluate a sequential mixed-mode web/mail data collection, conducted with a national probability sample of U.S. adults from 2020 to 2022. The survey topics focus on reproductive health and family formation. We compare estimates from this survey to those obtained from a face-to-face national survey of population reproductive health: the 2017-2019 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). This comparison allows for maximum design complexity, including a complex household screening operation (to identify households with persons aged 18-49). We evaluate the ability of this national web/mail data collection approach to (1) recruit a representative sample of U.S. persons aged 18-49; (2) replicate key survey estimates based on the NSFG, considering expected effects of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns and the alternative modes on the estimates; (3) reduce complex sample design effects relative to the NSFG; and (4) reduce the costs per completed survey.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1759-1791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Homecoming After Brexit: Evidence on Academic Migration From Bibliometric Data. 英国脱欧后的归国：来自文献计量数据的学术迁移证据。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11679804

Ebru Sanlitürk, Samin Aref, Emilio Zagheni, Francesco C Billari

{"title":"Homecoming After Brexit: Evidence on Academic Migration From Bibliometric Data.","authors":"Ebru Sanlitürk, Samin Aref, Emilio Zagheni, Francesco C Billari","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11679804","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11679804","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses the initial effects of the 2016 Brexit referendum on the mobility of academic scholars to and from the United Kingdom (UK). We leverage bibliometric data from millions of Scopus publications to infer changes in the countries of residence of published researchers by the changes in their institutional affiliations over time. We focus on a selected sample of active and internationally mobile researchers whose movements are traceable for every year between 2013 and 2019 and measure the changes in their migration patterns. Although we do not observe a brain drain following Brexit, we ﬁnd evidence that scholars' mobility patterns changed after Brexit. Among the active researchers in our sample, their probability of leaving the UK increased by approximately 86% if their academic origin (country of ﬁrst publication) was an EU country. For scholars with a UK academic origin, their post-Brexit probability of leaving the UK decreased by approximately 14%, and their probability of moving (back) to the UK increased by roughly 65%. Our analysis points to a compositional change in the academic origins of the researchers entering and leaving the UK as one of the ﬁrst impacts of Brexit on the UK and EU academic workforce.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1897-1921"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maternal Wealth Implications of Child Incarceration: Examining the Upstream Consequences of Children's Incarceration for Women's Assets, Homeownership, and Home Equity. 儿童入狱对母亲财富的影响：研究儿童入狱对妇女资产、房屋所有权和房屋净值的上游影响。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11647937

Brielle Bryan, Hira Farooqi

{"title":"Maternal Wealth Implications of Child Incarceration: Examining the Upstream Consequences of Children's Incarceration for Women's Assets, Homeownership, and Home Equity.","authors":"Brielle Bryan, Hira Farooqi","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11647937","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11647937","url":null,"abstract":"Qualitative research has documented mothers' critical role in supporting adult children during and after incarceration. Yet, the implications of incarceration for mothers have been relatively unexplored. Wealth research has also largely overlooked the influence of adult children on parental wealth. Using linked mother-child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the NLSY79 Child and Young Adult study, we investigate whether a child's incarceration influences mothers' wealth and whether accounting for child incarceration history helps explain the racial wealth gap. We use an event-study analysis and fixed-effects models to assess the evidence that children's incarceration affects three forms of wealth: financial assets, homeownership, and home equity. We find significant relationships between child incarceration and maternal wealth, but the importance of current versus prior child incarceration depends on the type of wealth considered. We also find that child incarceration is much more detrimental in dollar terms for White women than for Black or Hispanic women, but the financial asset penalty associated with child incarceration is larger in percentage terms for Black women than for White women.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1845-1870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Disability-Free Life Expectancy With Duration Dependence: A Research Note on the Bias in the Markov Assumption. 基于持续时间依赖的无残疾预期寿命建模：关于马尔可夫假设偏差的研究笔记。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11696463

Tianyu Shen, James O'Donnell

{"title":"Modeling Disability-Free Life Expectancy With Duration Dependence: A Research Note on the Bias in the Markov Assumption.","authors":"Tianyu Shen, James O'Donnell","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11696463","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11696463","url":null,"abstract":"Demographic studies on healthy life expectancy often rely on the Markov assumption, which fails to consider the duration of exposure to risk. To address this limitation, models like the duration-dependent multistate life table (DDMSLT) have been developed. However, these models cannot be directly applied to left-censored survey data, as they require knowledge of the time spent in the initial state, which is rarely known because of survey design. This research note presents a flexible approach for utilizing this type of survey data within the DDMSLT framework to estimate multistate life expectancies. The approach involves partially dropping left-censored observations and truncating the duration length after which duration dependence is assumed to be minimal. Utilizing the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, we apply this approach to compute disability-free/healthy life expectancy (HLE) among older adults in the United States and compare duration-dependent models to the typical multistate model with the Markov assumption. Findings suggest that while duration dependence is present in transition probabilities, its effect on HLE is averaged out. As a result, the bias in this case is minimal, and the Markov assumption provides a plausible and parsimonious estimate of HLE.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1715-1730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Are So Many U.S. Mothers Becoming Their Family's Primary Economic Support? 为什么如此多的美国母亲成为家庭的主要经济支柱？

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11646286

Joanna R Pepin, Kimberly McErlean, Jennifer L Glass, R Kelly Raley

{"title":"Why Are So Many U.S. Mothers Becoming Their Family's Primary Economic Support?","authors":"Joanna R Pepin, Kimberly McErlean, Jennifer L Glass, R Kelly Raley","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11646286","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11646286","url":null,"abstract":"Although the growing prevalence of primary-earning mothers is well established, this article uses 1996 and 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation data to show U.S. mothers' rate of transition to primary-earner status increased by nearly 50% over the observed period. The rate of transition to primary earning predominantly increased among mothers with some college experience and mothers racialized as White, largely catching up to the rate among mothers identifying as Black. A decomposition analysis determined that relationship instability in marital and cohabiting relationships accounts for less than 20% of the increased transition rate, although somewhat more for Hispanic mothers. Roughly 75% of the growth in maternal primary-earning spells was attributed to situations in which the mother's earnings increased in isolation or, for mothers with a partner, often paired with a decrease in the partner's earnings. This latter circumstance was particularly the case for mothers identifying as Black or Asian. Findings show that most of the growth in mothers becoming primary earners from the mid-1990s to the mid-2010s occurred not because mothers experienced more household economic changes (frequency), but because household economic changes often increased mothers' relative financial contributions (impact). The impact component accounted for the entire increased transition rate across mothers' educational attainment and racial and ethnic identity.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1793-1817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Longevity Benefits of Homeownership: Evidence From Early Twentieth-Century U.S. Male Birth Cohorts. 拥有房屋的长寿益处：来自20世纪早期美国男性出生队列的证据。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11680975

Casey F Breen

引用次数: 0