Demography最新文献

The Social Division of Care Work Time Over Half a Century.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11879571

Pilar Gonalons-Pons, Zohra Ansari-Thomas

{"title":"The Social Division of Care Work Time Over Half a Century.","authors":"Pilar Gonalons-Pons, Zohra Ansari-Thomas","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11879571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11879571","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a demographic framework to analyze the social division of care work time, defined as the sum of paid and unpaid care work time provided to children and adults in a population. Combining data from the American Heritage Time Use Survey (AHTUS) and the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS-ASEC), we focus on routine interactive care and analyze how the volume and social division of this care work has evolved in the United States over a half century (1965-2018). Results reveal relative stability in the division of care work across domains (paid vs. unpaid and child vs. adult) but substantial change across social groups (by gender and race). The share of total care work provided by paid caregivers remained stable, challenging expectations about defamilialization, whereas the share of total care work going to adults increased over time. Gender and race inequality in total care work time experienced notable declines. Analyses show that these changes are driven by men's increased involvement in unpaid childcare and non-White women's declined involvement in some paid care jobs, respectively. Our framework provides new tools to examine how demographic, social, and economic changes impact the social organization of care work time.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contraceptive Use and Discontinuation Among Adolescent Women in 55 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11876504

Clara E Busse, Katherine Tumlinson, Leigh Senderowicz

{"title":"Contraceptive Use and Discontinuation Among Adolescent Women in 55 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Clara E Busse, Katherine Tumlinson, Leigh Senderowicz","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11876504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11876504","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent women aged 19 or younger make up a substantial and growing proportion of women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries. Several key features of the reproductive life course ground the need to disaggregate the contraceptive behaviors of adolescent women from those of older women, including relationship dynamics, resources and autonomy, and cultural and societal expectations regarding sexual activity and childbearing. Despite the importance and unique life course features of adolescent women, we lack the information about their contraceptive dynamics-especially their patterns of contraceptive discontinuation-needed to direct improvements to family planning programs for this oft-neglected group. We use Demographic and Health Surveys from 55 countries to describe contraceptive dynamics among adolescent women, comparing them with trends among women aged 20-49. We find that adolescent women tended to use reversible, short-acting methods, whereas those later in the reproductive life course tended to use long-acting methods and female sterilization. Across all regions, 12-month all-method discontinuation rates among those who discontinued their method while not wanting to get pregnant ranged from 16.7 to 34.2 discontinuations per person-month for adolescent women and from 12.0 to 28.8 discontinuations per person-month for older women. Side effects and health concerns were a leading discontinuation reason for both age groups in most regions, and infrequent sex and desire to become pregnant were more frequent discontinuation reasons for adolescent women in most regions. Not since 2009 have scholars compared contraceptive discontinuation rates across multiple countries and disaggregated by age. Furthermore, no prior publication has compared specific reasons for discontinuation between adolescent and older women. Understanding the distinct contraceptive dynamics of those earliest in their reproductive life course can help direct policy and programmatic interventions.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-assessed Physical and Mental Health and Fertility Expectations of Men and Women Across the Life Course.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11873109

Ester Lazzari, Éva Beaujouan

{"title":"Self-assessed Physical and Mental Health and Fertility Expectations of Men and Women Across the Life Course.","authors":"Ester Lazzari, Éva Beaujouan","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11873109","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11873109","url":null,"abstract":"The fertility expectations of older women and men are becoming increasingly important for understanding fertility dynamics, given the increasing share of births after age 30. Because most health conditions deteriorate with age, understanding the relationship between health and fertility expectations is essential. We investigate whether changes in self-assessed general, physical, and mental health are linked to revised fertility expectations and how these associations vary over the life course. Drawing on a large longitudinal dataset for Australia, we demonstrate that across each health indicator, self-assessed poor health corresponds to lower fertility expectations and that a deterioration (or improvement) in self-assessed health coincides with a decrease (or increase) in men's and women's expectations of having a child. Individuals adapt their expectations more in response to physical health changes if they are older, and mental health conditions at younger ages appear relevant to men's fertility intentions. The results highlight that general, physical, and mental health are crucial drivers of changes in fertility plans, emphasizing the importance of integrating health considerations into future theoretical frameworks and empirical analyses of fertility.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Overlapping Cohorts Perspective of Lifespan Inequality.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11876384

Héctor Pifarré I Arolas, José Andrade, Mikko Myrskylä

引用次数: 0

Declining Fertility, Human Capital Investment, and Economic Sustainability.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11858484

Mikko Myrskylä, Julia Hellstrand, Sampo Lappo, Angelo Lorenti, Jessica Nisén, Ziwei Rao, Heikki Tikanmäki

{"title":"Declining Fertility, Human Capital Investment, and Economic Sustainability.","authors":"Mikko Myrskylä, Julia Hellstrand, Sampo Lappo, Angelo Lorenti, Jessica Nisén, Ziwei Rao, Heikki Tikanmäki","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11858484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11858484","url":null,"abstract":"Future fertility is a key input when charting the sustainability of social security systems, and declining fertility is often expected to put pressure on economic indicators, such as pension burden. Such expectations are based on a narrow view of the impact of fertility on the economy, focusing on age structure. Dynamic impacts-for instance, the potential for increased human capital for smaller cohorts-are mostly ignored. We use a dynamic longitudinal microsimulation model to explore the extent to which investments in human capital could offset the adverse economic impact of low fertility. Our research context is Finland, the fastest aging European country and the site of dramatic fertility declines and stagnant educational levels in the 2020s. We find that an ambitious but simple human capital investment strategy that keeps the total investment constant despite declining cohort size, thereby increasing per capita investment, can offset the negative impact of a smaller labor force on the pension burden. Human capital investment not only reduces pension burden but also increases working years, pension income, retirement years, and longevity. Policies focusing on human capital investment are likely a viable strategy to maintain economic sustainability.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Research Note on Unconditional Cash Transfers and Fertility in the United States: New Causal Evidence.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11872728

Molly A Costanzo, Katherine A Magnuson, Greg J Duncan, Nathan Fox, Lisa A Gennetian, Sarah Halpern-Meekin, Kimberly G Noble, Hirokazu Yoshikawa

引用次数: 0

Does Schooling Improve Cognitive Abilities at Older Ages? Causal Evidence From Nonparametric Bounds.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11865131

Vikesh Amin, Jere R Behrman, Jason M Fletcher, Carlos A Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Hans-Peter Kohler

{"title":"Does Schooling Improve Cognitive Abilities at Older Ages? Causal Evidence From Nonparametric Bounds.","authors":"Vikesh Amin, Jere R Behrman, Jason M Fletcher, Carlos A Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Hans-Peter Kohler","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11865131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11865131","url":null,"abstract":"We revisit much-investigated relationships between schooling and health, focusing on schooling impacts on cognitive abilities at older ages using the Harmonized Cognition Assessment Protocol in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and a bounding approach that requires relatively weak assumptions. Our estimated upper bounds on the population average effects indicate potentially large causal effects of increasing schooling from primary to secondary. Yet, these upper bounds are smaller than many estimates from studies of causal schooling impacts on cognition using compulsory schooling laws. We also cannot rule out small and null effects at this margin. However, we find evidence for positive causal effects on cognition of increasing schooling from secondary to tertiary. We replicate findings from the HRS using data on older adults from the Midlife in United States Development Study Cognitive Project. We further explore possible mechanisms behind the schooling effect (e.g., health, socioeconomic status, occupation, and spousal schooling), finding suggestive evidence of effects through such mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Fathering and Childlessness.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11873548

Axel Peter Kristensen, Trude Lappegård

引用次数: 0

Paradox Between Immigrant Advantages in Morbidity and Mortality: Dynamic Patterns and Tentative Explanations.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11868456

Hui Zheng, Wei-Hsin Yu

{"title":"Paradox Between Immigrant Advantages in Morbidity and Mortality: Dynamic Patterns and Tentative Explanations.","authors":"Hui Zheng, Wei-Hsin Yu","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11868456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11868456","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research indicates that immigrants are more likely to experience chronic conditions and disabilities than natives at older ages, yet they continue to exhibit lower overall mortality, thus suggesting a morbidity-mortality paradox. We utilize the IPUMS National Health Interview Survey 2002-2018 with linked mortality data through 2019 (n = 405,270) to comprehensively investigate how this paradox unfolds with age for various groups of immigrants. The analysis shows that immigrants' advantages in chronic conditions and disabilities narrow or even disappear at old ages, whereas their mortality advantages continuously increase with age. These patterns exist for immigrants of different ethnoracial, sex, and educational groups. The decomposition analysis reveals that the narrowing disability gap is due to immigrants' increasing prevalence of mental illness and diabetes, shrinking advantages in lung diseases and musculoskeletal conditions, and increasing vulnerability to the disabling effects of major chronic conditions. However, immigrants are less likely to die from chronic diseases and disabilities, and this advantage strengthens with age, widening the nativity gap in mortality risk with age. We suggest that health-based selection might simultaneously postpone the onset of chronic diseases and disabilities to later ages for immigrants and better enable them to weather the mortality consequences of the diseases and disabilities.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Labor of Love: Immigrant-Native Intermarriage and Labor Force Outcomes Across European Union Member States.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11868529

Tristan Ivory, Chuling Adam Huang

{"title":"Labor of Love: Immigrant-Native Intermarriage and Labor Force Outcomes Across European Union Member States.","authors":"Tristan Ivory, Chuling Adam Huang","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11868529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11868529","url":null,"abstract":"Immigrant-native intermarriage has been shown to improve immigrant labor force outcomes. A parallel line of research demonstrates that immigrant employment outcomes are strongly influenced by the sociopolitical climate and overall reception immigrants receive upon arrival in the host society. Our research spans both strands of literature to address unresolved questions about how the association between immigrant-native intermarriage and foreign-born occupational status changes across host societies on the basis of their national-level polices and views toward outsiders. To assess this, we analyze substantive changes in immigrant occupational attainment across twenty European Union countries from 2008 to 2018 using individual-level, cross-sectional data from the European Union Labor Force Survey on occupational attainment merged with country-level data from the European Social Survey on attitudes toward outsiders and the Migrant Integration Policy Index on integration policies. Our findings show that the association between intermarriage and immigrant occupation status is stronger in countries with more welcoming policies, whereas attitudes toward outsiders do not have a significant effect net of the moderating role of policy. The novel use of occupational status along with the moderating effect of policy provides further evidence that closed societies impede immigrant integration while deepening immigrant marginalization.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0