IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11962185

Julia Behrman, Emily A Marshall, Florian Keusch

{"title":"An Experimental Approach to Assessing Young Women's Childbearing Preferences: A Research Note on the United States.","authors":"Julia Behrman, Emily A Marshall, Florian Keusch","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11962185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11962185","url":null,"abstract":"Although the mean U.S. ideal family size has remained relatively stable in recent years, reflecting a widespread preference for two-child families, we know very little about the strength of this preference among young adults. To examine the relative strength of preferences for family size relative to other attributes of family life, in this research note we conduct a forced-choice online conjoint survey experiment using a nationally representative sample of 1,785 U.S. women aged 18-35. We find that when family size is included as one of six attributes in a family scenario, the probability of preferring scenarios with two children is not significantly different from the probability of preferring scenarios with zero-, one-, or three-child families, net of other attributes; four-child scenarios are significantly less preferred than two-child scenarios. Evaluation of the relative magnitude of different attribute effect sizes shows that a preference for two-child scenarios is comparatively less important than preference for many of the other attributes. Our findings suggest that even if the mean ideal family size remains at or above two children in standard survey research, preferences for two-child families are surprisingly weak in hypothetical scenarios that account for competing family demands.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Mediating Role of Intergenerational Stratification in the Long Arm of Childhood Income. 代际分层在儿童收入长臂中的中介作用。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11960590

David Brady, Manjing Gao, Christian Guerra, Ulrich Kohler, Bruce Link

{"title":"The Mediating Role of Intergenerational Stratification in the Long Arm of Childhood Income.","authors":"David Brady, Manjing Gao, Christian Guerra, Ulrich Kohler, Bruce Link","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11960590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11960590","url":null,"abstract":"We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to investigate whether and how intergenerational income stratification mediates the long arm of childhood income for mature adult health. Using three different mediation techniques, we analyze prospective high-quality data on childhood income (ages 0-17) and six health outcomes (ages 40-67): self-rated health, psychological distress, heart attack, stroke, and life-threatening and non-life-threatening chronic conditions. We focus on the mediating role of adult income (ages 30-39). For comparison, we also analyze several alternative potential mediators, including education, health behaviors, and occupation. The results show that adult income is a critical mediator in the long arm of childhood income, mediating almost all the relationship for self-rated health and psychological distress, roughly one half of the relationship for heart attack and stroke, and roughly one third of the relationship for life-threatening chronic conditions. The models also confirm that childhood income has a significant mediated or indirect relationship with health outcomes. Further analyses provide evidence that adult income plays a greater mediating role than the alternative potential mediators. Altogether, the evidence supports intergenerational income stratification as a key mediating process within the long arm of childhood income.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research Note: Estimating Kinship Size of Older Adults in Europe With Models and Surveys. 研究说明：用模型和调查估计欧洲老年人的亲属规模。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11961236

Maike van Damme, Diego Alburez-Gutierrez, Andrés F Castro Torres

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Extended Parental Benefits on Parents' Employment and Earnings in Canada. 延长父母福利对加拿大父母就业和收入的影响。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11958785

Youjin Choi, Rachel Margolis, Anders Holm

{"title":"The Effects of Extended Parental Benefits on Parents' Employment and Earnings in Canada.","authors":"Youjin Choi, Rachel Margolis, Anders Holm","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11958785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11958785","url":null,"abstract":"Paid parental benefits, with individually earmarked time for mothers and fathers, aim to promote gender equality in labor force participation, wages, and childcare. The Canadian province of Québec expanded parental benefits over and above the federal policy in 2006 with the Québec Parental Insurance Plan (QPIP), which introduced paid paternity leave and lower eligibility criteria as its key features. This policy aimed to increase gender equality by encouraging fathers to use parental benefits and expanding coverage to low-income parents. Using Canadian administrative data and exploiting the policy changes in 2006 as a natural experiment, we examine the effects of Québec's extended parental benefits policy on parents' employment and earnings over 10 years after the transition to parenthood. First, we find that fathers' use of parental benefits had positive long-run effects on mothers' and fathers' earnings 8-10 years after a first birth. Second, we find that among women with low earnings before the transition to parenthood, QPIP increased the likelihood of employment 1-7 years after a first birth. This article provides the first evidence that a policy dramatically expanding parental benefits and encouraging use among both parents can have long-term positive effects on parents' labor market outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Demography of Sweden's Transgender Population: A Research Note on Patterns, Changes, and Sociodemographics. 瑞典跨性别人口的人口统计：关于模式、变化和社会人口统计的研究笔记。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11850105

Martin Kolk, J Lucas Tilley, Emma von Essen, Ylva Moberg, Ian Burn

{"title":"The Demography of Sweden's Transgender Population: A Research Note on Patterns, Changes, and Sociodemographics.","authors":"Martin Kolk, J Lucas Tilley, Emma von Essen, Ylva Moberg, Ian Burn","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11850105","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11850105","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the prevalence of gender transitions in Sweden over time and document the sociodemographic characteristics of people transitioning in different periods. Using administrative data covering the transgender population from 1973 through 2020, we analyze two common events in a gender transition: the earliest diagnosis of gender incongruence and the change of legal gender. Our research note presents three main findings. First, the measured prevalence rates of diagnoses and legal gender changes are relatively low in all periods, although they have increased substantially since the early 2010s. Second, the recent increase in transition prevalence is most pronounced among people in early adulthood; in particular, young transgender men drive an increase in overall transition rates through 2018, followed by moderate declines in 2019 and 2020. Third, transgender men and women have substantially lower socioeconomic outcomes than cisgender men and women, regardless of the age at which they transition or the historical period. They are also considerably less likely to be in a legal union or reside with children. These findings highlight the continued economic and social vulnerability of the transgender population.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"349-363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paradox Between Immigrant Advantages in Morbidity and Mortality: Dynamic Patterns and Tentative Explanations. 移民在发病率和死亡率上的优势悖论：动态模式和初步解释。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11868456

Hui Zheng, Wei-Hsin Yu

{"title":"Paradox Between Immigrant Advantages in Morbidity and Mortality: Dynamic Patterns and Tentative Explanations.","authors":"Hui Zheng, Wei-Hsin Yu","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11868456","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11868456","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research indicates that immigrants are more likely to experience chronic conditions and disabilities than natives at older ages, yet they continue to exhibit lower overall mortality, thus suggesting a morbidity-mortality paradox. We utilize the IPUMS National Health Interview Survey 2002-2018 with linked mortality data through 2019 (n = 405,270) to comprehensively investigate how this paradox unfolds with age for various groups of immigrants. The analysis shows that immigrants' advantages in chronic conditions and disabilities narrow or even disappear at old ages, whereas their mortality advantages continuously increase with age. These patterns exist for immigrants of different ethnoracial, sex, and educational groups. The decomposition analysis reveals that the narrowing disability gap is due to immigrants' increasing prevalence of mental illness and diabetes, shrinking advantages in lung diseases and musculoskeletal conditions, and increasing vulnerability to the disabling effects of major chronic conditions. However, immigrants are less likely to die from chronic diseases and disabilities, and this advantage strengthens with age, widening the nativity gap in mortality risk with age. We suggest that health-based selection might simultaneously postpone the onset of chronic diseases and disabilities to later ages for immigrants and better enable them to weather the mortality consequences of the diseases and disabilities.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"707-736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Fall of Violence and the Reconfiguration of Urban Neighborhoods. 暴力的衰落与城市社区的重构。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11841397

Gerard Torrats-Espinosa, Patrick Sharkey

{"title":"The Fall of Violence and the Reconfiguration of Urban Neighborhoods.","authors":"Gerard Torrats-Espinosa, Patrick Sharkey","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11841397","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11841397","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, U.S. cities have changed dramatically, largely because of two major trends: the fall of violence and the rise of urban inequality. Despite the attention given to each of these trends, little research has assessed how they are related to each other. This study is the first to generate causal evidence on the impact of violent crime on economic residential segregation. We document the effect of the crime drop on economic segregation in 500 U.S. cities between 1990 and 2010, using exogenous shocks to city crime rates to identify causal effects. We find that declining violent and property crime reduced low-income household segregation but had no effect on affluent households. Our findings indicate that the crime decline has not overturned the trend toward rising economic segregation but has slowed its pace. Additional analyses suggest that declining crime reduced low-income household segregation by drawing more White and college-educated residents to the poorest neighborhoods of 1990. We also find suggestive evidence that declining violence led poor households to migrate out of low-income neighborhoods, reflecting a pattern of gentrification. Descriptive analyses of tract-level data from five cities show that neighborhoods with sharper declines in violence became less socioeconomically disadvantaged. Despite continued rising economic inequality, the crime decline has had its greatest impact on concentrated poverty, long seen as one of the most harmful dimensions of urban inequality.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"599-627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Income Volatility and Parenting Styles During Hard Times. 艰难时期的收入波动和养育方式。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11861157

Gabriele Mari

{"title":"Income Volatility and Parenting Styles During Hard Times.","authors":"Gabriele Mari","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11861157","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11861157","url":null,"abstract":"Parenting styles are often the focus of interventions aimed at mitigating disparities in children's well-being. Although research has sought to establish parenting differences across income groups, the extent to which income itself drives such differences is disputed. Little attention has focused on income volatility, despite its secular rise and recent salience and the links between volatility and parenting drawn by theories across the social and developmental sciences. I investigate whether and how income volatility affects parenting styles using data from the 2009-2022 UK Household Longitudinal Study and an empirical approach that addresses measured and unmeasured common causes of volatility and parenting. Self-reports of parenting styles are differently associated with income instability across income groups. Mothers with higher but more unstable household and labor incomes report lower warmth. When households accumulate benefit income, reports of harsh or more permissive practices become more frequent among mothers with higher incomes and less frequent among those with lower incomes. Despite instability due to labor income losses, fathers with lower incomes report higher warmth in their interactions with their children, whereas fathers with higher incomes report the opposite. These findings suggest that theories, public debates, and policies could be retailored to address the role of income changes in family life.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"629-656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-assessed Physical and Mental Health and Fertility Expectations of Men and Women Across the Life Course. 男性和女性在整个生命过程中自我评估的身心健康和生育期望。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11873109

Ester Lazzari, Éva Beaujouan

{"title":"Self-assessed Physical and Mental Health and Fertility Expectations of Men and Women Across the Life Course.","authors":"Ester Lazzari, Éva Beaujouan","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11873109","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11873109","url":null,"abstract":"The fertility expectations of older women and men are becoming increasingly important for understanding fertility dynamics, given the increasing share of births after age 30. Because most health conditions deteriorate with age, understanding the relationship between health and fertility expectations is essential. We investigate whether changes in self-assessed general, physical, and mental health are linked to revised fertility expectations and how these associations vary over the life course. Drawing on a large longitudinal dataset for Australia, we demonstrate that across each health indicator, self-assessed poor health corresponds to lower fertility expectations and that a deterioration (or improvement) in self-assessed health coincides with a decrease (or increase) in men's and women's expectations of having a child. Individuals adapt their expectations more in response to physical health changes if they are older, and mental health conditions at younger ages appear relevant to men's fertility intentions. The results highlight that general, physical, and mental health are crucial drivers of changes in fertility plans, emphasizing the importance of integrating health considerations into future theoretical frameworks and empirical analyses of fertility.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"543-569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Deportation Boomerang? Evidence From U.S. Removals to Latin America and the Caribbean. 驱逐出境的回旋镖？从美国移民到拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的证据。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11863789

Christian Ambrosius, David A Leblang

{"title":"A Deportation Boomerang? Evidence From U.S. Removals to Latin America and the Caribbean.","authors":"Christian Ambrosius, David A Leblang","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11863789","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11863789","url":null,"abstract":"The forced return of migrants is an important part of migration policy toolkits. An increased risk of deportation, politicians argue, will deter subsequent irregular migration. We explore this argument for the case of forced removals from the United States and find that rather than operating as a deterrent for future migrants, this policy had a boomerang effect. The forced return of migrants with a track record of crime generated negative externalities in the form of higher violence in their countries of origin, counteracting the deterrence effect of higher deportation risk. We apply mediation analysis to a panel of Latin American and Caribbean countries and decompose the effect of deportations on emigration into three coefficients of interest: a total effect of deportations on later emigration, an effect of deportations on the mediator variable of violence, and an effect of violence on emigration. We address the endogeneity of our key explanatory variables-deportations and violence-using migrants' exposure to the unequal and staggered implementation of policies intended to facilitate deportations at the level of U.S. states as a source of exogenous variation. We show that migration intentions and asylum requests increase in response to deportation threats. This effect is mediated through increased violence and is strongly driven by dynamics in Central America. Although the total number of apprehensions at the U.S. southern border in response to deportation threats does not show a clear pattern, we observe an increase in the share of unaccompanied minors and the share of entire family units among those apprehended, suggesting a shift in migration strategies and composition.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"419-439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Demography最新文献