Demography最新文献_第2页

Trends in Postsecondary Enrollment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Research Note. COVID-19大流行期间中学后入学趋势：一项研究说明。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12246521

Patrick Denice, Kamma Andersen

{"title":"Trends in Postsecondary Enrollment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Research Note.","authors":"Patrick Denice, Kamma Andersen","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12246521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-12246521","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted nearly every aspect of economic and social life in the United States, especially education. This research note draws on student-level administrative data from one U.S. state to describe how trends in postsecondary enrollment changed during the pandemic. First, students were less likely to enroll in postsecondary institutions following high school graduation during the pandemic, and these declines were most prominent among lower income, Hispanic, and Black students. Second, rates of sustained enrollment in both the immediate year following high school graduation and the next year fell more substantially among lower income, Hispanic, and Black students during the pandemic than they did among higher income and White students. Third, students made different decisions about where to enroll: higher income, White, and Asian students increased their enrollment in public four-year schools, decreased their enrollment in private four-year schools, and were more likely to attend college in-state, whereas lower income, Black, and Hispanic students experienced broad declines across institutional sectors and locations. These results paint a picture of growing socioeconomic and racial and ethnic inequalities in whether and where students pursued postsecondary education, highlighting the unequal barriers placed on traditionally underserved high school graduates during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single Parenthood, Gender, and Mortality. 单亲、性别和死亡率。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12234087

Mine Kühn, Angela Carollo, Jennifer Caputo, Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt, Anna Oksuzyan

{"title":"Single Parenthood, Gender, and Mortality.","authors":"Mine Kühn, Angela Carollo, Jennifer Caputo, Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt, Anna Oksuzyan","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12234087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-12234087","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the well-documented health disadvantages of single motherhood, research on single fathers' health remains limited owing to scarce data on this growing population. The influence of life course factors, such as partnership history and timing, on single parents' health is also understudied. Using high-quality register data on the total Danish population, this study (1) compares the mortality risk of single and partnered parents and (2) investigates heterogeneity in single parents' mortality by considering pathways into single parenthood, repartnering, child age, and episode length. Results show that single fathers have the highest all-cause mortality risk of all parent groups. Cause-specific analyses suggest that they are at especially high risk of dying by suicide or substance abuse. Mortality rates are higher for mothers entering single parenthood through being unpartnered than through partnership loss. Repartnering mitigates the negative effects of single parenthood. Mothers experiencing single parenthood when their youngest child was aged 1‒5 have lower mortality risk than peers who became single mothers of teenagers. The length of time spent as a single parent does not influence mortality. These findings highlight considerable diversity in parents' longevity and underscore the need for further attention to the health disadvantages of single fathers.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Does the Risk of Dementia Change With Each Additional Year of Education? 每增加一年的教育，患痴呆症的风险是如何变化的？

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12231508

Hyungmin Cha, Mateo P Farina, Mark D Hayward

{"title":"How Does the Risk of Dementia Change With Each Additional Year of Education?","authors":"Hyungmin Cha, Mateo P Farina, Mark D Hayward","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12231508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-12231508","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of dementia is considerably lower among persons with a high educational attainment level than among less educated persons. This association has been documented across countries, cohorts, and populations. However, several questions remain unanswered. What is the rate of decline in dementia risk associated with additional education? Does the rate of decline with additional education differ across the education distribution? Are there key points in the education distribution that demark changes in the association, such as completing high school? Using the 2000-2018 Health and Retirement Study, we use a functional form approach to evaluate how dementia risk changes with each year of education among non-Hispanic White and Black older adults. We observe a linear decline in dementia incidence with increasing years of educational attainment, both before and after 12 years of education. This pattern is consistent across population subgroups. Additionally, dementia risk displays a step-change decline at 12 years of education, but this reduction is observed primarily among men and White adults. These findings underscore the significance of educational exposure in understanding population differences in dementia risk and future changes in the burden of dementia in the population.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Female Advantages in Education and Union Formation: The Case of Colombia. 女性教育优势与工会形成：以哥伦比亚为例。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12189846

Daniela R Urbina

{"title":"Female Advantages in Education and Union Formation: The Case of Colombia.","authors":"Daniela R Urbina","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12189846","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-12189846","url":null,"abstract":"Although the reversal of gender gaps in education has been studied in industrialized countries, less is known about the implications of this phenomenon for union formation in low- and middle-income contexts, where high gender inequalities are persistent. This article fills this gap by studying the case of Colombia, where female advantages in education grew amid the prevalence of hypergamy norms regarding marriage and low economic returns to women's schooling. In particular, I examine whether the role of women's schooling for union entry and educational assortative mating changed as women gained more schooling across cohorts. To this end, I combine Demographic and Health Surveys and Colombia National Censuses, encompassing cohorts born between 1920 and 1980. My findings show that as gender gaps were reduced, the negative association between women's education and union entry increased among younger cohorts, in contrast to recent trends in high-income contexts. Nevertheless, analyses on marital pairings indicate an increase in educational hypogamy, suggesting changes in traditional patterns of assortative mating. These results advance current understandings of the demographic implications of overturning the gender gap in schooling in contexts of high gender inequality.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1267-1292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is It Daddy Time Yet? Trends and Variation in Men's Employment Hours Around Childbirth: 1989-2020. 爸爸的时间到了吗？男性分娩前后工作时间的趋势和变化：1989-2020。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12157124

Anita Li

引用次数: 0

Life Expectancy and Health Expectancy in the Twenty-first Century: The Unthinkable, the Inconceivable, and the Unknowable. 21世纪的预期寿命和健康预期：不可想象、不可想象和不可知。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12185960

Eileen M Crimmins

{"title":"Life Expectancy and Health Expectancy in the Twenty-first Century: The Unthinkable, the Inconceivable, and the Unknowable.","authors":"Eileen M Crimmins","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12185960","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-12185960","url":null,"abstract":"The last century witnessed an unprecedented rise in life expectancy; however, in recent decades the \"unthinkable\" has occurred-life expectancy stagnation, a dramatic drop in the U.S. international life expectancy ranking, rising midlife death rates, and widening socioeconomic and geographic disparities. The \"inconceivable\" has occurred with the high level of mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, which further exacerbated racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities and highlighted the vulnerabilities of long-term care systems and fragmented health policies. The \"unknowable\" future of mortality is explored through the lens of emerging work in geroscience based on an integration of biology with studies of aging populations, which offers some promise of potential interventions in the process of aging that underlies chronic disease resulting in mortality at older ages. However, transformative changes in social policy, health equity, behaviors, and legal rights are needed for the United States to improve its current situation. While the integration of biological understanding is likely to point to new avenues for improving population health and life expectancy, without immediate social changes, only a portion of the U.S. population is likely to be able to take advantage of these improvements, and the United States is likely to lag other countries in the level of life expectancy.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1217-1236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retirement Trajectories and Health in Japan. 日本的退休轨迹与健康。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12178737

Masaaki Mizuochi, James M Raymo

{"title":"Retirement Trajectories and Health in Japan.","authors":"Masaaki Mizuochi, James M Raymo","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12178737","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-12178737","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between retirement and health is a critical issue in rapidly aging societies. Numerous studies have investigated the effect of retirement on subsequent health, but this research has paid little attention to heterogeneous patterns of retirement. To address this limitation, we examine the relationship between retirement pathways from full-time regular employment and health. Using the 2005-2019 Longitudinal Survey of Middle-aged and Elderly Persons conducted in Japan, the world's oldest country, we first use sequence analysis to identify distinct retirement trajectories at ages 59-66. We then evaluate alternative approaches to estimate relationships between these retirement trajectories and an index measure of self-rated health. Results of ordinary least-squares and inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment models show that both gradual and abrupt retirement are associated with worse health relative to continued regular employment. In contrast, estimates from instrumental variable models are imprecise and provide no clear evidence of a relationship between retirement trajectories and health. Results are generally robust to sensitivity checks. These findings help establish an empirical foundation for understanding the potential implications of heterogeneous retirement pathways for health at older ages in the context of mandatory retirement policies and rapid population aging.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1413-1439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Note From the New Editors of Demography. 《人口统计学》新编辑的注释。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12157442

Hedwig E Lee, M Giovanna Merli, Marcos A Rangel

引用次数: 0

Increasing Educational Inequality in Biological Aging Among U.S. Adults Aged 50-79 From 1988-1994 to 2015-2018. 1988-1994年至2015-2018年美国50-79岁成年人生物衰老的教育不平等加剧。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12175545

Mateo P Farina, Jung Ki Kim, Eileen M Crimmins

{"title":"Increasing Educational Inequality in Biological Aging Among U.S. Adults Aged 50-79 From 1988-1994 to 2015-2018.","authors":"Mateo P Farina, Jung Ki Kim, Eileen M Crimmins","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12175545","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-12175545","url":null,"abstract":"Educational inequality in health has been increasing in the United States. The growth in health inequality has not been limited to specific conditions but has been observed across a wide range of outcomes, including disability, multimorbidity, self-rated health, and mortality. This study used data for adults aged 50-79 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess changes in biological aging across education groups over a 25-year period. We found that while biological aging slowed for each education group, educational inequality increased owing to greater improvements among those with the highest education levels. Specifically, biological age differences between adults with 0-11 years of schooling and adults with 16+ years of schooling grew from one year in 1988-1994 to almost two years in 2015-2018. Growing inequality in biological aging was not attenuated by changes in smoking, obesity, or medication use. Overall, these results point to an increasing difference in physiological dysregulation by education among U.S. older adults, which might remain a source of greater and growing inequality in morbidity, disability, and mortality in the near future.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1367-1388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Whose Parents Matter? Intergenerational Transmission of Earnings Arrangements in Different-Sex Couples: A Research Note. 谁的父母重要？不同性别夫妇收入安排的代际传递：一项研究报告。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12159081

Wen Fan, Yue Qian

{"title":"Whose Parents Matter? Intergenerational Transmission of Earnings Arrangements in Different-Sex Couples: A Research Note.","authors":"Wen Fan, Yue Qian","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12159081","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-12159081","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, the United States has witnessed a gender revolution and transformation in family economic arrangements. However, little research has investigated the intergenerational transmission of earnings arrangements within different-sex couples, even though such knowledge illuminates the mechanisms underlying changes and continuities in the economic organization and gender relations within U.S. families. We use a life course perspective to examine whether and how different-sex couples' earnings arrangements two years after the birth of their first child are shaped by their parents' earnings arrangements across four periods (same life stage, contemporaneous, sensitive period, and cumulative). Two-generational panel data on different-sex couples and their parents are drawn from the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968-2021). Regression models indicate that women tend to contribute more earnings if their male partner's mother contributed a larger share to the family income either during the same life stage (two years after her first birth) or over the life course of the male partner. No similar patterns emerge for the earnings arrangements of the female partner's parents. This two-generational life course study underscores the importance of couples' social origins and reveals the social (re)production of family economic arrangements and its gendered nature.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1203-1216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0