Demography最新文献_第2页

Which Degree for Which Occupation? Vertical and Horizontal Mismatch Among Immigrants, Their Children, and Grandchildren in France. 哪个学位适合哪个职业？法国移民及其子女和孙辈的纵向和横向错配。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11670148

Rosa Weber, Mathieu Ferry, Mathieu Ichou

{"title":"Which Degree for Which Occupation? Vertical and Horizontal Mismatch Among Immigrants, Their Children, and Grandchildren in France.","authors":"Rosa Weber, Mathieu Ferry, Mathieu Ichou","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11670148","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11670148","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research has found that immigrants are often overeducated: their educational attainment is higher than required or commonly observed in their occupation. Yet, less is known about the education-occupation mismatch among immigrants' children and grandchildren (the second and third generations). Using the French Trajectories and Origins 2 (TeO2, 2019-2020) survey, we test theoretically grounded hypotheses on the level of vertical (educational attainment) and horizontal (field of study) mismatch in the first, second, and third generations as well as on the mechanisms underlying the mismatch. Results indicate that vertical mismatch is substantially lower in the second and third generations than in the first, supporting the hypothesis that vertical mismatch is largely the result of imperfect international transferability of credentials. By contrast, higher levels of horizontal mismatch persist in the second and third generations among men of non-European descent. Differences in horizontal mismatch between immigrants' and natives' descendants are largely accounted for by initial sorting into fields of study.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1923-1948"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender Differences in Self-assessed Measures of Health: How Does the Structure of Self-rated Health Compare Across Transgender and Cisgender Groups?

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11689375

Madeline Smith-Johnson

{"title":"Gender Differences in Self-assessed Measures of Health: How Does the Structure of Self-rated Health Compare Across Transgender and Cisgender Groups?","authors":"Madeline Smith-Johnson","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11689375","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11689375","url":null,"abstract":"Self-rated health (SRH) is consistently related to mortality and morbidity. Yet, health ratings are subjective and reflect an individual's social context. Prior work has found differences in the structure of SRH-that is, in how self-assessments relate to underlying health conditions-across social groups, including by gender. However, prior work has not included transgender adults despite evidence that widespread interpersonal and structural stigma uniquely shapes their subjective experience of health. This study draws on information about 12 health conditions for a sample of transgender men, transgender women, nonbinary adults, cisgender men, and cisgender women. It examines whether the probabilities of reporting poor or fair SRH are similar among those with various underlying health problems. Findings reveal differences by gender identity and age group. For more than half of the examined conditions, self-rated health is poorer among nonbinary adults and younger transgender men than among other gender groups. These differences likely reflect distinct self-assessment processes that consider minority stress and structural stigma, as well as underlying differences in severity and comorbidity that stem from such stigma processes. SRH remains a useful, holistic measure of well-being, including for transgender groups.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"2147-2175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maternal Migration and Child Fostering Arrangements in Nairobi's Slums.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11680713

Cassandra Cotton, Clement Oduor

{"title":"Maternal Migration and Child Fostering Arrangements in Nairobi's Slums.","authors":"Cassandra Cotton, Clement Oduor","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11680713","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11680713","url":null,"abstract":"Child fostering-children living apart from their biological mothers-is an established strategy to support children and families throughout Africa. Little is known about how fostering decisions might be influenced by maternal migration and place of residence when women move to urban slums, which are home to a sizable proportion of Africa's urban population. Using a mixed-methods approach, we triangulate in-depth interviews with birth histories collected in two slum settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, to explore the interconnections between maternal migration experience, slum residence, and child fostering decisions. Our quantitative results reveal substantial fostering of children among women in slum contexts, with fostering being significantly higher among children of migrant women, particularly those who have recently arrived. Qualitative findings suggest that migration acts as an important impetus to foster, as do transitions in women's romantic relationships, economic uncertainty, poor slum conditions, and desires to send children to rural areas for schooling. This novel finding on children's schooling is supported in quantitative analyses, which show that older school-age children are more likely than younger children to be fostered. This study highlights the central roles of maternal migration, economic and social precariousness, and place of residence in determining the fostering of children among mothers living in informal settlements.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1975-1998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

School Starting Age, Fertility, and Family Formation: Evidence From the School Entry Cutoff Using Exact Date of Birth. 入学年龄、生育率和家庭组成：使用准确出生日期的入学截止日期的证据。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11686231

Kathryn Christine Beck, Rannveig Kaldager Hart, Martin Flatø

{"title":"School Starting Age, Fertility, and Family Formation: Evidence From the School Entry Cutoff Using Exact Date of Birth.","authors":"Kathryn Christine Beck, Rannveig Kaldager Hart, Martin Flatø","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11686231","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11686231","url":null,"abstract":"In the past 50 years, the age at first birth in Norway and other European countries has shifted, leading to concerns that individuals begin childbearing too late to reach their intended family size. This article analyzes the effect of school starting age on fertility and family formation by utilizing Norway's age-based school entry policy. Using individual-level register data and a regression discontinuity design, we find that being born after the age cutoff for school start results in an increased age at first birth of 2.9 months for women and 4.0 months for men, whereas completed cohort fertility was unchanged. Similarly, being born after the cutoff increased the age at first marriage by 4.7 months for women and 2.4 months for men, with no effect on the overall probability of having a partner. Results show that age at completed education and earnings development are important mechanisms in this fertility postponement. Additionally, we analyze detailed age- and parity-specific effects, providing important insights into how age at starting school affects fertility timing but not overall fertility.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1999-2026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Causal Effect of Increasing Area-Level Income on Birth Outcomes and Pregnancy-Related Health: Estimates From the Marcellus Shale Boom Economy.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11691517

Molly A Martin, Tiffany L Green, Alexander Chapman

{"title":"The Causal Effect of Increasing Area-Level Income on Birth Outcomes and Pregnancy-Related Health: Estimates From the Marcellus Shale Boom Economy.","authors":"Molly A Martin, Tiffany L Green, Alexander Chapman","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11691517","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11691517","url":null,"abstract":"Income is positively correlated with pregnancy health and birth outcomes, but the causal evidence for this association is limited. Leveraging a natural experiment based on the Pennsylvania boom economy created by the extraction of natural gas from the Marcellus Shale geological formation, we test whether area-level income gains impact birth outcomes (birth weight, gestational length, and preterm birth) and pregnancy health (prepregnancy and prenatal smoking, prepregnancy weight status, gestational weight gain, and the timing and adequacy of prenatal care). We append tax data to birth certificate data and compare health outcomes before and after the boom for births occurring in school districts above the Marcellus Shale. We also explore income effects with a subsample of siblings and test for nonlinear income effects by considering preboom district poverty rates. Using instrumented difference-in-differences models, we find that plausibly exogenous income gains increase the likelihood of having adequate prenatal care in the full sample. In the sibling sample, income gains decrease the likelihood of low birth weight but increase the likelihood of prepregnancy underweight among birthing parents. Results are statistically significant in initially high-poverty districts. We thus affirm prior findings of a causal effect of income on birth weight and prenatal care use but find minimal area-level income effects on other pregnancy-related health behaviors and birth outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"2107-2146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Research Note on Maternity Leave and Children's Outcomes: The Case of Parental Teachers.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11687489

Cuong Viet Nguyen

引用次数: 0

Educational Differences in Fertility Among Female Same-Sex Couples in Finland.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11687583

Maria Ponkilainen, Elina Einiö, Marjut Pietiläinen, Mikko Myrskylä

{"title":"Educational Differences in Fertility Among Female Same-Sex Couples in Finland.","authors":"Maria Ponkilainen, Elina Einiö, Marjut Pietiläinen, Mikko Myrskylä","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11687583","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11687583","url":null,"abstract":"Same-sex couples increasingly often live in legally recognized unions and have children as a couple. The accessibility of parenthood, however, depends on intersecting contextual and couple-level characteristics. Using Finnish register data on female same-sex couples who registered their partnership in 2002-2016, a period of important legal reforms regarding same-sex parenthood, we explore how education and the existence of prior children predict childbearing within the same-sex partnership. Female couples' likelihood of having a child within five years of registering a partnership increased from 20% to 45% over the observation window. This increase was not universal. The likelihood increased from 24% to 55% for couples with a tertiary education but decreased from 27% to 9% for couples with primary and lower secondary education. Couples with the highest level of education and no prior children born before the partnership were the most likely female couples to have a child. Educational differences in childbearing were only marginally explained by couples' income levels. The results highlight how intersectional factors shape female couples' fertility behavior. Intensifying educational differences in couples' fertility might reflect changes in couple-level characteristics and institutional barriers to childbearing that merit more attention.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"2053-2079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parenthood and Couples' Division of Paid Labor: The Role of Prebirth Breadwinner Couple Type in European Cross-National Perspective. 为人父母与夫妇的有偿劳动分工：从欧洲跨国视角看生育前养家糊口夫妇类型的作用》（The Role of Prebirth Breadwinner Couple Type in European Cross-National Perspective）。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11675596

Fei Bian, Luana Marx, Leen Vandecasteele

{"title":"Parenthood and Couples' Division of Paid Labor: The Role of Prebirth Breadwinner Couple Type in European Cross-National Perspective.","authors":"Fei Bian, Luana Marx, Leen Vandecasteele","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11675596","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11675596","url":null,"abstract":"Although it is well established that parenthood affects employment decisions within households, less is known about how this effect varies across couple types in different countries. Using difference-in-differences analysis with propensity score matching and multilevel modeling with cross-level interactions, this study explores heterogeneity in the effect of parenthood on couples' division of paid labor by prebirth relative earning power in different European contexts. The results show that the decline in the female share of couples' paid working hours after parenthood is stronger in male main-earner couples than in equal-earner or female main-earner couples. Our cross-national findings demonstrate that institutional and cultural factors influence couples' postparenthood employment arrangements, with the magnitude of these moderating effects dependent on the couple's prebirth relative earning pattern. Longer paid maternity and family leave for mothers exacerbates the parenthood effect on couples' division of paid labor, whereas greater childcare provision weakens this effect. However, these policy impacts are observed only among male main-earner couples, which can be attributed to differences in opportunity costs and bargaining power across couple types. Egalitarian gender norms weaken the effect of parenthood on the paid labor division between partners regardless of the breadwinner couple type before childbirth.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1819-1844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Refueling a Quiet Fire: Old Truthers and New Discontent in the Wake of COVID-19. 重新点燃平静的火焰：COVID-19事件后的老真相调查者和新不满。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11587755

Gabriele Beccari, Matilde Giaccherini, Joanna Kopinska, Gabriele Rovigatti

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Multiple Births on Fertility: Stopping and Spacing in the United States During the Demographic Transition. 多胎对生育率的影响：美国人口结构转型期的停止生育和生育间隔。

IF 4.3 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11577526

George Alter, J David Hacker

{"title":"The Impact of Multiple Births on Fertility: Stopping and Spacing in the United States During the Demographic Transition.","authors":"George Alter, J David Hacker","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11577526","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11577526","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple births strain mothers' and families' resources in ways that should highlight preferences for family size, birth spacing, and parity-dependent stopping behavior. Couples with surviving twins reach their target family size sooner than other couples and should be more likely to practice family limitation. Twins are also a greater burden on the mother's time and health, which could lead to postponing the next birth, even among couples who want additional children. We examine these hypotheses by analyzing families with twins in the 1900 and 1910 U.S. Censuses. Using reconstructed birth histories for more than 7 million women in the IPUMS full-count 1900 and 1910 datasets and event-history methods (Kaplan-Meier curves, cure models), we find clear evidence of family limitation following a multiple birth. Couples who had twins or triplets were more likely to stop childbearing, and those who continued having children delayed their next birth. Responses to multiple births were larger in groups previously identified as leaders in the transition to smaller families, and roughly one third of couples stopped after one or two children. We find no evidence that some groups relied primarily on birth spacing to reduce family size while others relied primarily on stopping.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1509-1533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0