Demography最新文献_第2页

The Mediating Role of Intergenerational Stratification in the Long Arm of Childhood Income. 代际分层在儿童收入长臂中的中介作用。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11960590

David Brady, Manjing Gao, Christian Guerra, Ulrich Kohler, Bruce Link

{"title":"The Mediating Role of Intergenerational Stratification in the Long Arm of Childhood Income.","authors":"David Brady, Manjing Gao, Christian Guerra, Ulrich Kohler, Bruce Link","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11960590","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11960590","url":null,"abstract":"We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to investigate whether and how intergenerational income stratification mediates the long arm of childhood income for mature adult health. Using three different mediation techniques, we analyze prospective high-quality data on childhood income (ages 0-17) and six health outcomes (ages 40-67): self-rated health, psychological distress, heart attack, stroke, and life-threatening and non-life-threatening chronic conditions. We focus on the mediating role of adult income (ages 30-39). For comparison, we also analyze several alternative potential mediators, including education, health behaviors, and occupation. The results show that adult income is a critical mediator in the long arm of childhood income, mediating almost all the relationship for self-rated health and psychological distress, roughly one half of the relationship for heart attack and stroke, and roughly one third of the relationship for life-threatening chronic conditions. The models also confirm that childhood income has a significant mediated or indirect relationship with health outcomes. Further analyses provide evidence that adult income plays a greater mediating role than the alternative potential mediators. Altogether, the evidence supports intergenerational income stratification as a key mediating process within the long arm of childhood income.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"923-945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Communal Violence on Women's Marital Outcomes. 社区暴力对女性婚姻结果的影响。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11995654

Devaki Ghose, Divya Pandey

引用次数: 0

Trends in Mothers' Work Schedules in the United States, 1988-2019: Differences by Education, Family Structure, and Race and Ethnicity. 1988-2019年美国母亲工作时间表的趋势：教育、家庭结构、种族和民族的差异

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11967231

Alejandra Ros Pilarz, Anna K Walther

{"title":"Trends in Mothers' Work Schedules in the United States, 1988-2019: Differences by Education, Family Structure, and Race and Ethnicity.","authors":"Alejandra Ros Pilarz, Anna K Walther","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11967231","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11967231","url":null,"abstract":"The latter half of the twentieth century saw dramatic increases in mothers' labor force participation rates, accompanied by declining job quality and increasing labor market inequality. Despite evidence of growing labor market inequality in wages and benefits, less is known about how job quality changed with respect to work schedules. This study tests the hypothesis that mothers' employment in jobs with nonstandard schedules increased between 1988 and 2019 and that such schedules are increasingly concentrated among mothers with lower education levels, single mothers, and mothers of color, who are overrepresented in low-wage jobs. We find that mothers' employment in jobs with nonstandard schedules stayed relatively flat at 15% to 16%, and the prevalence of weekend work increased from 15% to 18%. Moreover, we find growing disparities in who works nonstandard schedules. The propensity to work such schedules increased among mothers with less than a college degree, single mothers living without other adults, and Black mothers relative to mothers with a college degree, married mothers, and White mothers, respectively. Additionally, mothers are more likely to work nonstandard schedules for involuntary reasons than before the Great Recession.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"971-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Emergent Motherhood Mental Health Advantage: Did Pandemic Times Make a Difference? 紧急母性心理健康优势：流行病时期有影响吗？

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11979673

Kei Nomaguchi, Melissa A Milkie, Francesca A Marino

{"title":"The Emergent Motherhood Mental Health Advantage: Did Pandemic Times Make a Difference?","authors":"Kei Nomaguchi, Melissa A Milkie, Francesca A Marino","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11979673","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11979673","url":null,"abstract":"Research indicates that a new pattern of motherhood well-being advantage emerged in the 2010s for U.S. women. Although scholars have argued that maternal mental health worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, whether the parenthood mental health gap changed during the pandemic is unclear. Using data from the National Health Interview Survey (N = 29,241), this study examines the parenthood gap in yearly and quarterly changes in anxiety and depression during 2019-2021 for women aged 18-59, with attention to variation by partnership status. The results show that changes in anxiety and depression prevalence were similar across parental and partnership statuses, with indications that maternal advantages expanded among women who were single. In October-December 2020, anxiety prevalence increased more for single women without minor children of their own living in the household (\"nonmothers\") than for single or partnered mothers. In April-June 2021, anxiety declined among mothers, especially single mothers, but remained higher than before the pandemic among single nonmothers. Some of these group differences in anxiety changes became nonsignificant after we controlled for household economic conditions, which were better in 2021 than in 2019 for all groups, particularly single mothers. In sum, trends in motherhood mental health advantages continued throughout the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"839-878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling and Forecasting Healthy Life Expectancy With Compositional Data Analysis. 用成分数据分析建模和预测健康预期寿命。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11974712

Marie-Pier Bergeron Boucher, Cosmo Strozza, Violetta Simonacci, Jim Oeppen

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Extended Parental Benefits on Parents' Employment and Earnings in Canada. 延长父母福利对加拿大父母就业和收入的影响。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11958785

Youjin Choi, Rachel Margolis, Anders Holm

{"title":"The Effects of Extended Parental Benefits on Parents' Employment and Earnings in Canada.","authors":"Youjin Choi, Rachel Margolis, Anders Holm","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11958785","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11958785","url":null,"abstract":"Paid parental benefits, with individually earmarked time for mothers and fathers, aim to promote gender equality in labor force participation, wages, and childcare. The Canadian province of Québec expanded parental benefits over and above the federal policy in 2006 with the Québec Parental Insurance Plan (QPIP), which introduced paid paternity leave and lower eligibility criteria as its key features. This policy aimed to increase gender equality by encouraging fathers to use parental benefits and expanding coverage to low-income parents. Using Canadian administrative data and exploiting the policy changes in 2006 as a natural experiment, we examine the effects of Québec's extended parental benefits policy on parents' employment and earnings over 10 years after the transition to parenthood. First, we find that fathers' use of parental benefits had positive long-run effects on mothers' and fathers' earnings 8-10 years after a first birth. Second, we find that among women with low earnings before the transition to parenthood, QPIP increased the likelihood of employment 1-7 years after a first birth. This article provides the first evidence that a policy dramatically expanding parental benefits and encouraging use among both parents can have long-term positive effects on parents' labor market outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"879-898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research Note: Estimating Kinship Size of Older Adults in Europe With Models and Surveys. 研究说明：用模型和调查估计欧洲老年人的亲属规模。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11961236

Maike van Damme, Diego Alburez-Gutierrez, Andrés F Castro Torres

引用次数: 0

Sleeping With the Enemy: Partners' Heterogamy by Political Preferences and Union Dissolution. Evidence From the United Kingdom. 与敌人同床共枕：政治偏好与婚姻解体导致的伴侣异族婚姻。来自英国的证据。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11983537

Bruno Arpino, Alessandro Di Nallo

{"title":"Sleeping With the Enemy: Partners' Heterogamy by Political Preferences and Union Dissolution. Evidence From the United Kingdom.","authors":"Bruno Arpino, Alessandro Di Nallo","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11983537","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11983537","url":null,"abstract":"We examine whether union dissolution is associated with partners' (mis)match on political preferences, defined as self-reported closeness, intention to vote, or reported vote for a specific party. Previous studies have shown that partners' heterogamy by ethnicity, education, and other dimensions increases the risk of union dissolution because of differences between partners in lifestyles, attitudes, and beliefs or because of disapproval from family and community members. We posit that similar arguments can apply to political heterogamy and test this hypothesis using UK data from the British Household Panel Study and the UK Household Longitudinal Study. The data offer a unique opportunity to assess the role of heterogamy by political preferences while controlling for heterogamy in other domains and for other partners' characteristics over a long period (1991-2019). The data also facilitate a more specific analysis of the referendum on the United Kingdom's permanence in the European Union (known as the Brexit referendum). We find a positive association between political heterogamy and union dissolution, which is as strong as some other forms of heterogamy. The role of diverging opinions on the Brexit referendum in union dissolutions appears to be even more important than the role of partners' differing party preferences.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1059-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Experimental Approach to Assessing Young Women's Childbearing Preferences: A Research Note on the United States. 评估年轻女性生育偏好的实验方法：一项关于美国的研究报告。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11962185

Julia Behrman, Emily A Marshall, Florian Keusch

{"title":"An Experimental Approach to Assessing Young Women's Childbearing Preferences: A Research Note on the United States.","authors":"Julia Behrman, Emily A Marshall, Florian Keusch","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11962185","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11962185","url":null,"abstract":"Although the mean U.S. ideal family size has remained relatively stable in recent years, reflecting a widespread preference for two-child families, we know very little about the strength of this preference among young adults. To examine the relative strength of preferences for family size relative to other attributes of family life, in this research note we conduct a forced-choice online conjoint survey experiment using a nationally representative sample of 1,785 U.S. women aged 18-35. We find that when family size is included as one of six attributes in a family scenario, the probability of preferring scenarios with two children is not significantly different from the probability of preferring scenarios with zero-, one-, or three-child families, net of other attributes; four-child scenarios are significantly less preferred than two-child scenarios. Evaluation of the relative magnitude of different attribute effect sizes shows that a preference for two-child scenarios is comparatively less important than preference for many of the other attributes. Our findings suggest that even if the mean ideal family size remains at or above two children in standard survey research, preferences for two-child families are surprisingly weak in hypothetical scenarios that account for competing family demands.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"773-785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changing Demographic Rates Reshape Kinship Networks. 不断变化的人口比率重塑亲属网络。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11996578

Sha Jiang, Wenyun Zuo, Zhen Guo, Shripad Tuljapurkar

{"title":"Changing Demographic Rates Reshape Kinship Networks.","authors":"Sha Jiang, Wenyun Zuo, Zhen Guo, Shripad Tuljapurkar","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11996578","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11996578","url":null,"abstract":"The number and age of kin determine the companionship and support individuals provide or receive. Over recent decades, fertility and mortality rates have changed considerably, with varying speeds across countries. We investigate the changes in kinship networks in response to time-varying demographic rates, with a focus on the speed of change. We start with stylized demographic trajectories to determine the separate effects of fertility and mortality. First, we find that differences in the number of living kin depend strongly on the speed of fertility decline. In a fast fertility transition (as in China), a 65-year-old could have 20% fewer daughters than a 70-year-old in a specific year. However, in a slow transition (as in India), this difference is only 7%. Second, the speed of fertility decline has large effects on the mean and variability of the ages of kin. Third, a cohort perspective provides valuable insight into the changes in the number and age of kin. Fourth, we show how changes in the age pattern of mortality affect kinship for individuals at different ages. We use these conclusions to examine and understand kin dynamics based on empirical demographic data from four illustrative countries (Thailand, Indonesia, Ghana, and Nigeria).","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"899-922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0