Demography最新文献_第2页

Which Degree for Which Occupation? Vertical and Horizontal Mismatch Among Immigrants, Their Children, and Grandchildren in France. 哪个学位适合哪个职业？法国移民及其子女和孙辈的纵向和横向错配。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11670148

Rosa Weber, Mathieu Ferry, Mathieu Ichou

{"title":"Which Degree for Which Occupation? Vertical and Horizontal Mismatch Among Immigrants, Their Children, and Grandchildren in France.","authors":"Rosa Weber, Mathieu Ferry, Mathieu Ichou","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11670148","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11670148","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research has found that immigrants are often overeducated: their educational attainment is higher than required or commonly observed in their occupation. Yet, less is known about the education-occupation mismatch among immigrants' children and grandchildren (the second and third generations). Using the French Trajectories and Origins 2 (TeO2, 2019-2020) survey, we test theoretically grounded hypotheses on the level of vertical (educational attainment) and horizontal (field of study) mismatch in the first, second, and third generations as well as on the mechanisms underlying the mismatch. Results indicate that vertical mismatch is substantially lower in the second and third generations than in the first, supporting the hypothesis that vertical mismatch is largely the result of imperfect international transferability of credentials. By contrast, higher levels of horizontal mismatch persist in the second and third generations among men of non-European descent. Differences in horizontal mismatch between immigrants' and natives' descendants are largely accounted for by initial sorting into fields of study.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1923-1948"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Policy-Induced Fertility Suppression and Marital Satisfaction: Evidence From a Natural Experiment in China. 政策诱导生育抑制与婚姻满意度：来自中国自然实验的证据。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11686478

Yuying Tong, Bingdao Zheng

{"title":"Policy-Induced Fertility Suppression and Marital Satisfaction: Evidence From a Natural Experiment in China.","authors":"Yuying Tong, Bingdao Zheng","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11686478","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11686478","url":null,"abstract":"Having children is widely regarded as one of the most important benefits and purposes of marriage, particularly in societies that uphold traditional family values. Consequently, the suppression of fertility could have far-reaching implications for marital life that transcend childbearing itself. Previous studies have examined the impact of health-induced fertility suppression, but a gap remains in understanding how policy-induced fertility restrictions affect marital satisfaction. This study employs a nationally representative sample to examine whether Chinese couples' marital satisfaction improves when the potential marital utility on fertility is enhanced following the transition from the one-child to the universal two-child policy in China. Using a difference-in-differences design, the study finds that men who desire multiple children experience increased marital satisfaction after the policy change. Conversely, the same is not observed for women. Our study provides compelling evidence that the increase in marital satisfaction for husbands is driven by the improved evaluation of the marital fertility value rather than other unintended policy effects. Further, the policy-induced satisfaction improvement is more pronounced among men with more severely constrained or deeply ingrained fertility desires. The article discusses the broad impact of fertility policy on family life, the gender-imbalanced perception of this policy shift, and its theoretical and policy implications.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"2027-2051"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the J-Shape: Human Development and Fertility in the United States. 重新审视j型：美国的人类发展和生育。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11680156

Henrik-Alexander Schubert, Christian Dudel, Marina Kolobova, Mikko Myrskylä

引用次数: 0

Safety Net Spending on Children and the Sources of Household Income Across U.S. States, 1997-2016. 1997-2016年美国各州儿童安全网支出与家庭收入来源。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11694711

Margot I Jackson, Christopher Wimer, Chloe Zilkha

{"title":"Safety Net Spending on Children and the Sources of Household Income Across U.S. States, 1997-2016.","authors":"Margot I Jackson, Christopher Wimer, Chloe Zilkha","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11694711","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11694711","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of poverty and economic precarity in the United States relative to other countries have led to academic and policy debates about whether welfare state investments accomplish what they are intended to. Although social safety net spending clearly has antipoverty effects at the national level, there is scant evidence on the \"resource pathway\" presumed to underlie the effects of the local welfare state on families with children. Which types of public investments have especially contributed to the total resources of households with children? Understanding this question at the state level is important, given dramatic variation in states' safety net spending on children and the rise of federalism, which increases state autonomy in designing and administering social programs. Using annual data from the 1997-2016 State-by-State Spending on Kids Dataset linked to data from the Census Bureau's Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey, we examine the relationship between transfer spending in states and household income sources. Findings suggest that government transfers raise the total income of households with the lowest income and educational levels and that transfer income among these households is more multidimensional than among higher resource households. Further, analyses using variation within and across states demonstrate that state-level spending in each area is associated with an increase in corresponding transfer income among non-college-educated households and those in the bottom half of the income distribution; such spending is associated with no increase (or a decrease) in transfer income among college-educated households and those in the top quarter of the income distribution. These results suggest that increases in state-level spending disproportionately benefit the budgets of households with the lowest resources and might be a promising means to reduce resource gaps between households.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"2081-2105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

School Starting Age, Fertility, and Family Formation: Evidence From the School Entry Cutoff Using Exact Date of Birth. 入学年龄、生育率和家庭组成：使用准确出生日期的入学截止日期的证据。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11686231

Kathryn Christine Beck, Rannveig Kaldager Hart, Martin Flatø

{"title":"School Starting Age, Fertility, and Family Formation: Evidence From the School Entry Cutoff Using Exact Date of Birth.","authors":"Kathryn Christine Beck, Rannveig Kaldager Hart, Martin Flatø","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11686231","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11686231","url":null,"abstract":"In the past 50 years, the age at first birth in Norway and other European countries has shifted, leading to concerns that individuals begin childbearing too late to reach their intended family size. This article analyzes the effect of school starting age on fertility and family formation by utilizing Norway's age-based school entry policy. Using individual-level register data and a regression discontinuity design, we find that being born after the age cutoff for school start results in an increased age at first birth of 2.9 months for women and 4.0 months for men, whereas completed cohort fertility was unchanged. Similarly, being born after the cutoff increased the age at first marriage by 4.7 months for women and 2.4 months for men, with no effect on the overall probability of having a partner. Results show that age at completed education and earnings development are important mechanisms in this fertility postponement. Additionally, we analyze detailed age- and parity-specific effects, providing important insights into how age at starting school affects fertility timing but not overall fertility.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1999-2026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maternal Migration and Child Fostering Arrangements in Nairobi's Slums. 内罗毕贫民窟的孕产妇移徙和儿童寄养安排。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11680713

Cassandra Cotton, Clement Oduor

{"title":"Maternal Migration and Child Fostering Arrangements in Nairobi's Slums.","authors":"Cassandra Cotton, Clement Oduor","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11680713","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11680713","url":null,"abstract":"Child fostering-children living apart from their biological mothers-is an established strategy to support children and families throughout Africa. Little is known about how fostering decisions might be influenced by maternal migration and place of residence when women move to urban slums, which are home to a sizable proportion of Africa's urban population. Using a mixed-methods approach, we triangulate in-depth interviews with birth histories collected in two slum settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, to explore the interconnections between maternal migration experience, slum residence, and child fostering decisions. Our quantitative results reveal substantial fostering of children among women in slum contexts, with fostering being significantly higher among children of migrant women, particularly those who have recently arrived. Qualitative findings suggest that migration acts as an important impetus to foster, as do transitions in women's romantic relationships, economic uncertainty, poor slum conditions, and desires to send children to rural areas for schooling. This novel finding on children's schooling is supported in quantitative analyses, which show that older school-age children are more likely than younger children to be fostered. This study highlights the central roles of maternal migration, economic and social precariousness, and place of residence in determining the fostering of children among mothers living in informal settlements.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1975-1998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender Differences in Self-assessed Measures of Health: How Does the Structure of Self-rated Health Compare Across Transgender and Cisgender Groups? 自评健康措施的性别差异：跨性别和顺性别群体的自评健康结构比较如何？

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11689375

Madeline Smith-Johnson

{"title":"Gender Differences in Self-assessed Measures of Health: How Does the Structure of Self-rated Health Compare Across Transgender and Cisgender Groups?","authors":"Madeline Smith-Johnson","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11689375","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11689375","url":null,"abstract":"Self-rated health (SRH) is consistently related to mortality and morbidity. Yet, health ratings are subjective and reflect an individual's social context. Prior work has found differences in the structure of SRH-that is, in how self-assessments relate to underlying health conditions-across social groups, including by gender. However, prior work has not included transgender adults despite evidence that widespread interpersonal and structural stigma uniquely shapes their subjective experience of health. This study draws on information about 12 health conditions for a sample of transgender men, transgender women, nonbinary adults, cisgender men, and cisgender women. It examines whether the probabilities of reporting poor or fair SRH are similar among those with various underlying health problems. Findings reveal differences by gender identity and age group. For more than half of the examined conditions, self-rated health is poorer among nonbinary adults and younger transgender men than among other gender groups. These differences likely reflect distinct self-assessment processes that consider minority stress and structural stigma, as well as underlying differences in severity and comorbidity that stem from such stigma processes. SRH remains a useful, holistic measure of well-being, including for transgender groups.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"2147-2175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Causal Effect of Increasing Area-Level Income on Birth Outcomes and Pregnancy-Related Health: Estimates From the Marcellus Shale Boom Economy. 增加地区收入对出生结果和妊娠相关健康的因果影响：来自马塞勒斯页岩繁荣经济的估计。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11691517

Molly A Martin, Tiffany L Green, Alexander Chapman

{"title":"The Causal Effect of Increasing Area-Level Income on Birth Outcomes and Pregnancy-Related Health: Estimates From the Marcellus Shale Boom Economy.","authors":"Molly A Martin, Tiffany L Green, Alexander Chapman","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11691517","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11691517","url":null,"abstract":"Income is positively correlated with pregnancy health and birth outcomes, but the causal evidence for this association is limited. Leveraging a natural experiment based on the Pennsylvania boom economy created by the extraction of natural gas from the Marcellus Shale geological formation, we test whether area-level income gains impact birth outcomes (birth weight, gestational length, and preterm birth) and pregnancy health (prepregnancy and prenatal smoking, prepregnancy weight status, gestational weight gain, and the timing and adequacy of prenatal care). We append tax data to birth certificate data and compare health outcomes before and after the boom for births occurring in school districts above the Marcellus Shale. We also explore income effects with a subsample of siblings and test for nonlinear income effects by considering preboom district poverty rates. Using instrumented difference-in-differences models, we find that plausibly exogenous income gains increase the likelihood of having adequate prenatal care in the full sample. In the sibling sample, income gains decrease the likelihood of low birth weight but increase the likelihood of prepregnancy underweight among birthing parents. Results are statistically significant in initially high-poverty districts. We thus affirm prior findings of a causal effect of income on birth weight and prenatal care use but find minimal area-level income effects on other pregnancy-related health behaviors and birth outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"2107-2146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Research Note on Maternity Leave and Children's Outcomes: The Case of Parental Teachers. 产假与儿童结局的研究纪要：以家长教师为例。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11687489

Cuong Viet Nguyen

引用次数: 0

Parenthood and Couples' Division of Paid Labor: The Role of Prebirth Breadwinner Couple Type in European Cross-National Perspective. 为人父母与夫妇的有偿劳动分工：从欧洲跨国视角看生育前养家糊口夫妇类型的作用》（The Role of Prebirth Breadwinner Couple Type in European Cross-National Perspective）。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11675596

Fei Bian, Luana Marx, Leen Vandecasteele

{"title":"Parenthood and Couples' Division of Paid Labor: The Role of Prebirth Breadwinner Couple Type in European Cross-National Perspective.","authors":"Fei Bian, Luana Marx, Leen Vandecasteele","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11675596","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11675596","url":null,"abstract":"Although it is well established that parenthood affects employment decisions within households, less is known about how this effect varies across couple types in different countries. Using difference-in-differences analysis with propensity score matching and multilevel modeling with cross-level interactions, this study explores heterogeneity in the effect of parenthood on couples' division of paid labor by prebirth relative earning power in different European contexts. The results show that the decline in the female share of couples' paid working hours after parenthood is stronger in male main-earner couples than in equal-earner or female main-earner couples. Our cross-national findings demonstrate that institutional and cultural factors influence couples' postparenthood employment arrangements, with the magnitude of these moderating effects dependent on the couple's prebirth relative earning pattern. Longer paid maternity and family leave for mothers exacerbates the parenthood effect on couples' division of paid labor, whereas greater childcare provision weakens this effect. However, these policy impacts are observed only among male main-earner couples, which can be attributed to differences in opportunity costs and bargaining power across couple types. Egalitarian gender norms weaken the effect of parenthood on the paid labor division between partners regardless of the breadwinner couple type before childbirth.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1819-1844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0