Demography最新文献_第3页

Government Restrictions During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Depressive Symptoms Following Widowhood. COVID-19 大流行期间的政府限制与丧偶后的抑郁症状。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11790737

Zachary Van Winkle, Bartholomew Konechni

{"title":"Government Restrictions During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Depressive Symptoms Following Widowhood.","authors":"Zachary Van Winkle, Bartholomew Konechni","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11790737","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11790737","url":null,"abstract":"Spousal loss is associated with an immediate increase in depressive symptoms. However, the consequences of widowhood for symptoms of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic have remained largely unexplored. In this study, we use data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and fixed-effects regression modeling to address three research questions. First, how have depressive symptoms changed over time in 10 European countries for older adults by marital status and spousal death timing? Second, do the surviving spouses of persons who died during the pandemic face greater increases in depressive symptoms compared with adults widowed before the pandemic? Third, to what extent did the strictness of government restrictions moderate the pandemic widowhood penalty for symptoms of depression? We find that depressive symptoms increased dramatically for those widowed during the pandemic compared with widowed adults before the pandemic. In addition, the pandemic widowhood penalty does not apply to all those who lost their partners during the pandemic; it applies only to those who lost their partner when governments were enforcing stay-at-home orders. Our findings support the notion that the COVID-19 pandemic and stringent government restrictions exacerbated risk factors and hindered protective factors that affect older adults' resilience to spousal death.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"137-158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smoke's Enduring Legacy: Bridging Early-Life Smoking Exposures and Later-Life Epigenetic Age Acceleration. 烟雾的永久遗产：早期吸烟暴露与晚年表观遗传年龄加速之间的联系。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11790645

Daniel Ramirez, Elena Povedano, Aitor García, Michael Lund

{"title":"Smoke's Enduring Legacy: Bridging Early-Life Smoking Exposures and Later-Life Epigenetic Age Acceleration.","authors":"Daniel Ramirez, Elena Povedano, Aitor García, Michael Lund","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11790645","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11790645","url":null,"abstract":"Current literature states that early-life exposure to smoking produces adverse health outcomes in later life, primarily as a result of subsequent engagements with firsthand smoking. The implications of prior research are that smoking cessation can reduce health risk in later life to levels comparable to the risk of those who have never smoked. However, recent evidence suggests that smoking exposure during childhood can have independent and permanent negative effects on health-in particular, on epigenetic aging. This investigation examines whether the effect of early-life firsthand smoking on epigenetic aging is more consistent with (1) a sensitive periods model, which is characterized by independent effects due to early firsthand exposures; or (2) a cumulative risks model, which is typified by persistent smoking. The findings support both models. Smoking during childhood can have long-lasting effects on epigenetic aging, regardless of subsequent engagements. Our evidence suggests that adult cessation can be effective but that the epigenetic age acceleration in later life is largely due to early firsthand smoking itself.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"113-135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nonresident Parent Wealth Among Children. 儿童中的非居民父母财富。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11790542

Jake Hays, Paula Fomby

{"title":"Nonresident Parent Wealth Among Children.","authors":"Jake Hays, Paula Fomby","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11790542","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11790542","url":null,"abstract":"Wealth matters for children's well-being. However, most research has considered only the wealth held in children's resident households, even though more than one quarter of U.S. children have a parent living elsewhere. We provide the first national estimates of nonresident parent wealth among children who ever lived with both parents in a shared household. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1984-2021)-whose survey design enables us to produce unbiased estimates with respect to factors that condition access to nonresident parents-to describe the characteristics of nonresident parent wealth, children's potential access to it, and its contribution to educational attainment. We find that nonresident parent wealth varies substantially and that the rank-rank correlation between nonresident and resident parent wealth is roughly .3. Nonresident parent wealth is positively predictive of more frequent parent-child contact, more consistent and higher value child support payments, and children's bachelor's degree attainment, suggesting that it is related to multiple domains of parenting and child well-being. The findings demonstrate that accounting for the spread of resources across households, but within a family system, is critical to understanding broader patterns of inequality in American family life.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"263-289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flooding, Sociospatial Risk, and Population Health.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11792975

Ethan J Raker

{"title":"Flooding, Sociospatial Risk, and Population Health.","authors":"Ethan J Raker","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11792975","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11792975","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and population settlement patterns are altering the severity and spatial dimensions of flooding. Despite associational evidence linking flood exposure to population health in the United States, few studies have used counterfactual strategies to address confounding or examined how sociospatial determinations of risk, such as floodplain delineation, affect well-being. Using the case of Hurricane Harvey, I leverage novel, repeated cross-sectional health survey data from Houston immediately predisaster (N = 2,540) and six to nine months postdisaster (N = 2,798), linked to local flood inundation and floodplain data. Difference-in-differences models show that the probability of psychological distress and fair/poor health increased significantly in the flooded treatment group, with mixed evidence on unhealthy mental health days and no change in unhealthy physical health days. Triple-difference estimators further reveal buffered mental health adversity for those in flooded areas with high floodplain areal coverage relative to little or no floodplains. Descriptive analyses of mechanisms suggest that floodplain coverage did not differentiate individual-level disaster exposure but increased the likelihood of disaster preparedness and evacuation. This article offers insights into the climate-health nexus empirically by using a causal framework to improve credibility and conceptually by demonstrating how an underexamined dimension of vulnerability-sociospatial risk determinations-can stratify population health.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"61-85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research Note: New Estimates of Immigrants' Self-employment From Linked Tax Records.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11773170

Christopher R Tamborini, Andrés Villarreal

引用次数: 0

Make It or Break It? Pregnancy Scares and Romantic Relationship Dissolution. 成功还是失败？怀孕恐慌与恋爱关系破裂。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11791010

Lauren Newmyer, Scott T Yabiku

{"title":"Make It or Break It? Pregnancy Scares and Romantic Relationship Dissolution.","authors":"Lauren Newmyer, Scott T Yabiku","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11791010","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11791010","url":null,"abstract":"Young adult romantic relationships have undergone significant changes in recent decades, resulting in such distinct demographic trends as rising rates of relationship dissolution. Union dissolution during young adulthood can influence future relationship stability, financial well-being, and health. Reproductive experiences are an important factor that can shape relationship stability. Much of past research, however, has focused on the impact of childbearing on relationship stability while less attention has been paid to other reproductive experiences that could also shape relationship stability, such as pregnancy scares. A pregnancy scare is when a woman suspects she has an undesired pregnancy but later discovers she is not pregnant. This experience might increase or decrease relationship stability. Drawing on data collected from young women in the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life study, this analysis examines the association between pregnancy scares and union dissolution. Results suggest that pregnancy scares are negatively associated with union dissolution, and this relationship persists over time; however, this association varies by relationship type, with serious dating relationships experiencing the most protective benefits.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"291-310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Demographic and Socioeconomic Consequences of Restricting Access to Marriage for Young Immigrant Women in Denmark. 限制丹麦年轻移民妇女结婚的人口和社会经济后果》（The Demographic and Socioeconomic Consequences of Restricting Access to Marriage for Young Immigrant Women in Denmark）。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11791081

Bojana Cuzulan, Marie Louise Schultz-Nielsen, Peter Fallesen

{"title":"The Demographic and Socioeconomic Consequences of Restricting Access to Marriage for Young Immigrant Women in Denmark.","authors":"Bojana Cuzulan, Marie Louise Schultz-Nielsen, Peter Fallesen","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11791081","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11791081","url":null,"abstract":"In July 2002, Danish reforms limited the marriage opportunities for all Danish and non-European Union (EU) citizens younger than 24 living in Denmark who wished (or whose parents wished for them) to marry someone from outside the EU. Before the reform, more than 80% of first- and second-generation immigrants from outside the EU married spouses from their parents' origin countries; the reform drastically changed their marriage market. We examine the policy's effects on subsequent marriage behavior, the transition to motherhood, human capital accumulation, and labor market activities using full-population administrative data on 578,380 Danish-born first- and second-generation non-EU immigrants born in 1972-1990 and a difference-in-differences design. We find that the policy delayed marriages among individuals with an immigrant background, extended premarital cohabitation, changed the composition of spouses, and delayed and decreased in-wedlock fertility. Finally, the duration of obtained formal education increased. Our results emphasize that reforms constraining access to external marriage markets can have lasting impacts on marriage demographics among immigrants.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"87-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can Family Policies Enhance Fertility? An Ex Ante Evaluation Through Factorial Survey Experiments.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11775048

Raffaele Guetto, Giammarco Alderotti, Daniele Vignoli

{"title":"Can Family Policies Enhance Fertility? An Ex Ante Evaluation Through Factorial Survey Experiments.","authors":"Raffaele Guetto, Giammarco Alderotti, Daniele Vignoli","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11775048","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11775048","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the family policies-fertility nexus by assessing the potential impact of parental leaves, childcare services, and child benefits on fertility through a factorial survey experiment (FSE). We focus on Italy, where persistently low fertility rates are often linked to limited welfare support for families. We surveyed 4,022 respondents aged 20-44 and exposed them to various scenarios characterized by different family policy packages. We asked them to ascribe short-term fertility behavior to a fictitious couple under each scenario. Results show that each family-friendly policy envisioned positively impacts ascribed fertility. The availability of full-time, public childcare services seems more relevant than higher child benefits, whereas more generous and gender-equal parental leaves are perceived as less relevant. However, results suggest that only a consistent mix of financial benefits, parental leave schemes, and childcare provisions can boost fertility. In contrast, marginal changes in single policy levers are most likely ineffective. The FSE reveals that a couple's socioeconomic status is perceived as more important than family policies for fertility: ascribed fertility increases when both partners are employed and household income is high. We conclude by discussing the policy implications of our findings.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"311-334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hidden Heterogeneity: How the White Racial Category Masks Interethnic Health Inequality.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11790429

Jen'nan G Read, Fatima G Fairfax

{"title":"Hidden Heterogeneity: How the White Racial Category Masks Interethnic Health Inequality.","authors":"Jen'nan G Read, Fatima G Fairfax","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11790429","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11790429","url":null,"abstract":"Inequality research has often used non-Hispanic Whites as the reference category in measuring U.S. racial and ethnic health disparities, with less attention paid to diversity among Whites. Immigration patterns over the last several decades have led to greater ethnic heterogeneity among Whites, which could be hidden by the aggregate category. Using data from the National Health Interview Survey (2000-2018), we disaggregate non-Hispanic Whites by nativity status (U.S.- and foreign-born) and foreign-born region of birth (Europe, Former Soviet Union, and the Middle East) to examine diversity in health among adults aged 30+ (n = 290,361). We find that foreign-born Whites do not have a consistent immigrant health advantage over U.S.-born Whites, and the presence of an advantage further varies by birth region. Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) are particularly disadvantaged, reporting worse self-rated health and higher rates of hypertension (high blood pressure) than U.S.-born and European-born Whites. Middle Eastern immigrants also fare worse than U.S.-born Whites but have health outcomes more similar to European immigrants than to immigrants from the FSU. These findings highlight considerable diversity in health among White subgroups that is masked by the aggregate White category. Future research must continue to monitor growing heterogeneity among Whites and consider more carefully their use as an aggregate category for gauging racial inequality.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"237-261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Childbearing of Immigrants Who Arrived as Children: Understanding the Role of Age at Arrival for Women and Men.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11790197

Ben Wilson

{"title":"The Childbearing of Immigrants Who Arrived as Children: Understanding the Role of Age at Arrival for Women and Men.","authors":"Ben Wilson","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11790197","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11790197","url":null,"abstract":"It is well-known that childbearing is associated with age at migration, but most research has focused on foreign-born women who migrated as adults. Much less is known about male immigrants or immigrants who arrived as children, despite the importance of studying these groups to understand theories of adaptation and socialization. This study addresses these gaps with a case study of Sweden, using longitudinal whole-population data to analyze the role of age at arrival in determining childbearing. The results suggest that age at arrival affects fertility across the childbearing life course, although there is little evidence of critical ages at arrival. These results hold for women and men, particularly for immigrants from higher fertility origins, with more ambiguous results for immigrants from lower fertility origins. The main findings also persist after examining sources of selection and reverse causality using sex-specific family fixed-effects models and separate analyses for specific countries of birth. Therefore, the study provides evidence of an underlying process of childhood socialization, followed by adaptation, that is common for women and men who migrate. Theoretical implications are discussed, including the need for further work on the determinants and mechanisms of adaptation.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"183-209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0