Demography最新文献_第3页

Child Migration in Eastern and Southern Africa: Tied and Orphaned. 东部和南部非洲的儿童移徙：被捆绑和成为孤儿。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12159038

Ashira Menashe-Oren

{"title":"Child Migration in Eastern and Southern Africa: Tied and Orphaned.","authors":"Ashira Menashe-Oren","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12159038","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-12159038","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the circumstances in which children migrate is important to ensure their well-being. Yet, child migration in sub-Saharan Africa is not easy to measure. Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) provide an excellent opportunity to estimate child migration in the region. I examine out-migration patterns of children younger than 15 in eastern and southern Africa, where adult mortality is high, fostering is prevalent, and households are dynamic. Using longitudinal data pooled from 15 HDSS, covering roughly 451,000 children, I find that most children who migrate do so with their mothers (tied migration). Moreover, an intergenerational link between a mother's and her child's mobility is evident: children whose mothers are migrants are more likely to migrate themselves. Despite some expectations of agency in child mobility in later childhood (for education or work), children who out-migrate independently of their mothers are often orphaned or have mothers living elsewhere. Maternal death is a forceful driver of child migration, especially within six months following a mother's death. Thus, orphaned migrants are exposed to the double shock of losing a parent and a change in their immediate environment. However, children in larger households tend to migrate less, somewhat dampening the mobility of orphans.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1341-1366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Half of the Picture: A Research Note on Measuring the Sexual Identity Composition of Couples. 半边天：关于衡量夫妻性别认同构成的研究笔记。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12186740

Christopher A Julian, Hannah Tessler, Wendy D Manning, Alexandra M VanBergen, Claire M Kamp Dush

{"title":"Half of the Picture: A Research Note on Measuring the Sexual Identity Composition of Couples.","authors":"Christopher A Julian, Hannah Tessler, Wendy D Manning, Alexandra M VanBergen, Claire M Kamp Dush","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12186740","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-12186740","url":null,"abstract":"Demographic estimates of sexually diverse coresidential relationships in the United States have traditionally concentrated on the sex composition of couples or the sexual identity of one partner alongside their relationship status. Using population-based dyadic data from the National Couples' Health and Time Study, which encompasses U.S. coresidential partnered adults aged 20‒60, we provide national estimates of couples' sexual identity composition. Our findings in this research note indicate that, according to dyadic reports of sexual identity, 10.94% (confidence interval [CI]: 8.58, 13.85) of couples included a partner who identifies as sexually diverse, more than double the estimate derived from the reported sexual identity of one partner (4.31%, CI: 3.18, 5.80). Specifically, 2.44% (CI: 1.86, 3.20) of couples had both partners reporting a sexually diverse identity, while 8.50% (CI: 6.34, 11.30) had only one partner doing so. Bisexual-identifying individuals and those with another/multiple sexual identities frequently have partners who identify as heterosexual. In contrast, gay/lesbian and heterosexual-identifying adults often have partners with the same sexual identity. Our sociodemographic portrait also revealed notable variations in the sociodemographic characteristics of couples based on their sexual identity composition. We argue that capturing couples' sexual identity composition further elucidates the demography of contemporary U.S. families.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1185-1201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Widow and Widower Mortality in India: A Research Note. 印度寡妇和鳏夫死亡率：一份研究报告。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12177893

Megan N Reed, Babul Hossain, Srinivas Goli, K S James, Aashish Gupta

引用次数: 0

Beyond the Immediate Impacts of COVID-19 on Internal Population Movements in Mexico: Facebook Data Reveal Urban Decay and Slow Recovery-A Research Note. 2019冠状病毒病对墨西哥国内人口流动的直接影响之外：Facebook数据揭示了城市衰败和缓慢复苏——一份研究报告。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12183205

Miguel González-Leonardo, Carmen Cabrera, Ruth Neville, Andrea Nasuto, Francisco Rowe

{"title":"Beyond the Immediate Impacts of COVID-19 on Internal Population Movements in Mexico: Facebook Data Reveal Urban Decay and Slow Recovery-A Research Note.","authors":"Miguel González-Leonardo, Carmen Cabrera, Ruth Neville, Andrea Nasuto, Francisco Rowe","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12183205","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-12183205","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has shown that internal mobility declined and outflows from large cities increased during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in many Global North countries. However, the longer term impacts of the pandemic on mobility levels and patterns across the rural-urban hierarchy and in Global South contexts remain poorly understood because of limited high-resolution data. Drawing on location data of Facebook users, we examine changes in long-distance movements (>100 kilometers) across population density categories in Mexico from April 2020 to May 2022. We find a 40% decline in long-distance movements during April-December 2020 relative to a prepandemic baseline, with the largest reductions-more than 50%-in flows to and from large cities. In contrast to Global North patterns, we observe no increase in outflows from large cities. Movement patterns gradually returned to baseline during 2021-2022, but recovery was slower in the most densely populated areas. Our findings provide the first medium-term evidence of how the pandemic affected internal mobility across the rural-urban hierarchy in a major Global South country. They highlight the distinct dynamics of mobility disruptions in highly urbanized and socioeconomically unequal contexts and demonstrate the value of digital trace data for studying population movements where conventional statistics are unavailable.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1171-1184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mobility-Based Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas. 美国大都市地区基于流动性的种族隔离。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12193739

Yongjun Zhang, Siwei Cheng

{"title":"Mobility-Based Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas.","authors":"Yongjun Zhang, Siwei Cheng","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12193739","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-12193739","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses large-scale Global Positioning System daily movement data collected from mobile devices in U.S. metropolitan areas to develop a novel measure to quantify racial, ethnic, and income segregation experienced in activity space, which captures both local residential environments and the connected communities that individuals frequently travel to. We modify conventional spatial segregation measures in three ways. First, we switch from a distance-based to a mobility-based conceptualization of group exposure. Second, we introduce daily mobility data traced via mobile devices to empirically measure mobility connectedness between communities. Third, we decompose our segregation measures into within- and between-community components to uncover different sources of segregation. Combining daily mobility data with measures of community characteristics obtained from the U.S. Census, we show that mobility-based measures capture dimensions of segregation that are quite distinct from distance-based measures. Our mobility-based measures consistently indicate both strong own-group isolation in terms of individuals' activity space manifested through their everyday movements and substantial heterogeneity in local mobility exposure even within communities of similar racial, ethnic, and income composition, particularly among minority communities. Our findings illustrate the value of combining mobility-based segregation measures with large-scale, geocoded human movement data to study racial, ethnic, and income segregation.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1237-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inequalities in the Duration and Lifetime Risk of Dementia in the United States. 美国痴呆症持续时间和终生风险的不平等。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12175489

Péter Hudomiet, Michael D Hurd, Susann Rohwedder

{"title":"Inequalities in the Duration and Lifetime Risk of Dementia in the United States.","authors":"Péter Hudomiet, Michael D Hurd, Susann Rohwedder","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12175489","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-12175489","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia prevalence exceeds 40% for individuals in advanced old age, but that figure is not informative about the lifetime risk of ever having dementia or the risk of having dementia for different durations. This study presents U.S. nationally representative estimates of the probability of having dementia for at least six months or one, two, or five years before death and variation in this probability by sex, race and ethnicity, health, and socioeconomic status. We used a joint longitudinal latent variable model of cognitive status, dementia, and survival to derive estimates based on data from the Health and Retirement Study. We found a higher lifetime risk of dementia than found in earlier U.S. studies: 41.3% (CI: 39.3% to 43.2%) of those who died after age 70 had dementia assessed at six months before death. Further, 38.7% (CI: 36.8% to 40.5%), 33.6% (CI: 31.8% to 35.4%), and 20.1% (CI: 18.6% to 21.5%) had dementia one, two, and five years before death, respectively. The risk was higher for women, individuals with less education, non-Hispanic Black individuals, and those with lower lifetime earnings. Having had a stroke significantly increased the risk of dementia. Even though longevity is the strongest known risk factor, longer lived subpopulations have a lower lifetime risk of dementia as a result of their lower age-specific prevalence.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1389-1412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12370282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic Family Size Preferences During the COVID-19 Mortality Crisis: A Research Note. COVID-19死亡率危机期间的动态家庭规模偏好：一份研究报告。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12178940

Letícia J Marteleto, Sneha Kumar

{"title":"Dynamic Family Size Preferences During the COVID-19 Mortality Crisis: A Research Note.","authors":"Letícia J Marteleto, Sneha Kumar","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12178940","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-12178940","url":null,"abstract":"In this research note, we examine how family size preferences evolved for women with and without children in response to changing COVID-19 mortality exposure during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. We leverage spatiotemporal variation in COVID-19 deaths occurring during panel surveys in 2020 and 2021 with a population-based sample of 2,520 women, aged 18-34, across 94 municipalities in Pernambuco, Brazil. We use individual fixed-effects regressions to examine whether changes in municipality-level COVID-19 death rates are associated with changes in women's desired family size, net of their own or their family's COVID-19 infection status and other time-varying sociodemographic factors. We find that women with and without children at baseline responded differently to changing municipality-level COVID-19 deaths: while women without children did not change their desired family size, women with children saw a small but significant increase in their desired family size in response to rising COVID-19 mortality. These innovative findings suggest that women with children responded to widespread COVID-19-related loss within their communities by wanting to build and consolidate their families. We advance knowledge about varying contextual influences on fertility preferences during epidemics in a middle-income country with early and below-replacement fertility.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1155-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Is Fertility Behavior in Africa Different? 非洲的生育行为有何不同？

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-12191344

Claus C Pörtner

{"title":"How Is Fertility Behavior in Africa Different?","authors":"Claus C Pörtner","doi":"10.1215/00703370-12191344","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-12191344","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-Saharan Africa's fertility decline has lagged behind that of other regions. Using large-scale, individual-level data, I provide new evidence on how fertility in sub-Saharan Africa compares with that in East Asia, South Asia, and Latin America by examining differences in fertility outcomes by grade level across regions. Unlike prior research that compared aggregate fertility and education outcomes, I estimate fertility outcomes separately for each combination of region, area of residence, age group, and grade level. I find that differences in fertility between sub-Saharan Africa and other regions increase with education up to the end of primary school and then rapidly decrease. There is little consistent evidence of differences among women with secondary education or higher. Moreover, for grade levels where fertility is significantly higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in other regions, the differences are substantially smaller for surviving children than for children ever born. Using women's literacy as a proxy for school quality, I show that the results for literacy rates follow a similar pattern to the fertility outcomes. Overall, the results suggest that higher offspring mortality and lower quality of primary schooling contribute to higher fertility in sub-Saharan Africa compared with other regions.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1293-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Legalization and Long-Term Outcomes of Immigrant Workers. 移民工人的合法化和长期结果。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11996794

Claudio Deiana, Ludovica Giua, Roberto Nisticò

引用次数: 0

Gender Asymmetry in the Fertility of Racially and Ethnically Exogamous U.S. Couples. 美国种族和民族异族通婚夫妇生育能力中的性别不对称。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11968125

Margaret M Weden, Michael S Rendall, Joey Brown

{"title":"Gender Asymmetry in the Fertility of Racially and Ethnically Exogamous U.S. Couples.","authors":"Margaret M Weden, Michael S Rendall, Joey Brown","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11968125","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11968125","url":null,"abstract":"Hypotheses explaining fertility levels in unions of women and men with different racial and ethnic origins (exogamous union fertility)-including stigma, in-between, pronatal, and assimilative fertility-apply equally when the minority group partner is the woman or the man. As an alternative, we propose a gendered theorizing of exogamous union fertility in which the fertility preferences of either the woman's or the man's racial and ethnic group might dominate. Our analyses reveal strong support for male-predominant patterns: the couple's fertility is nearer to that in an endogamous union of the man's racial and ethnic group than to that of an endogamous union of the woman's racial and ethnic group. We conjecture that women selecting into exogamous unions to realize their own individual fertility preferences might partially explain this finding. We find no cases of female predominance, in which the couple's fertility is nearer to that in an endogamous union of the woman's racial and ethnic group than that of an endogamous union of the man's racial and ethnic group. In addition, using a simple fertility model in which both the woman's and the man's racial and ethnic groups are included as predictors, we find that only the man's coefficients are statistically and substantively significant. A critical implication of our findings is that the standard demographic practice of using the woman's racial and ethnic group will increasingly downwardly bias estimates of fertility differences by race and ethnicity in the United States as exogamy becomes increasingly common.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"947-970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0