Demography最新文献_第3页

Reconstructing Prospective Intergenerational Educational Mobility in 12 Countries. 重建 12 个国家的预期代际教育流动性。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11463595

Gordey Yastrebov, Vanessa Wittemann

引用次数: 0

The Role of Single Motherhood in America's High Child Poverty. 单亲母亲在美国儿童贫困率居高不下中的作用》（The Role of Single Motherhood in America's High Child Poverty.

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11466590

David Brady, Regina S Baker, Ryan Finnigan

{"title":"The Role of Single Motherhood in America's High Child Poverty.","authors":"David Brady, Regina S Baker, Ryan Finnigan","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11466590","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11466590","url":null,"abstract":"Many claim a high prevalence of single motherhood plays a significant role in America's high child poverty. Using the Luxembourg Income Study, we compare the \"prevalences and penalties\" for child poverty across 30 rich democracies and within the United States over time (1979-2019). Several descriptive patterns contradict the importance of single motherhood. The U.S. prevalence of single motherhood is cross-nationally moderate and typical and is historically stable. Also, child poverty and the prevalence of single motherhood have trended in opposite directions in recent decades in the United States. More important than the prevalence of single motherhood, the United States stands out for having the highest penalty across 30 rich democracies. Counterfactual simulations demonstrate that reducing single motherhood would not substantially reduce child poverty. Even if there was zero single motherhood, (1) the United States would not change from having the fourth-highest child poverty rate, (2) the 41-year trend in child poverty would be very similar, and (3) the extreme racial inequalities in child poverty would not decline. Rather than the prevalence of single motherhood, the high penalty for single motherhood and extremely high Black and Latino child poverty rates, which exist regardless of single motherhood, are far more important to America's high child poverty.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1161-1185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Evidence From Census 2020 on the Residential Segregation of Same-Sex Households: A Research Note. 2020 年人口普查关于同性家庭居住隔离的新证据：研究说明。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11482174

Amy Spring, Amin Ghaziani

{"title":"New Evidence From Census 2020 on the Residential Segregation of Same-Sex Households: A Research Note.","authors":"Amy Spring, Amin Ghaziani","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11482174","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11482174","url":null,"abstract":"The 2020 decennial census provides new insights into the demography of same-sex households and can shed light on ongoing debates in urban and gayborhood studies. Although the U.S. Census gives a vast undercount of the LGBTQ population, it is still the largest source of nationally representative data on same-sex households and is accessible over three time points (2000, 2010, 2020). In this research note, we use 2020 census data to examine the residential patterns of same-sex households down to the neighborhood level. By employing the index of dissimilarity, we present results for the 100 largest U.S. cities and 100 largest metropolitan areas that demonstrate moderate yet persistent segregation. In a continuation of prior trends, male same-sex households remain more segregated from different-sex households than do female same-sex households. We find moderate levels of within-group segregation by gender and marital status-representing new demographic trends. Finally, metropolitan areas have a higher dissimilarity index than cities, revealing greater levels of segregation when factoring in suburban areas. We discuss these trends in light of debates regarding the spatial organization of sexuality in residential contexts and outline future avenues for research utilizing recently released 2020 census data.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"995-1009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who Divorces Whom: Unilateral Divorce Legislation and the Educational Structure of Marriage. 谁与谁离婚？单方面离婚立法与婚姻的教育结构》。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11462868

Geghetsik Afunts, Stepan Jurajda

引用次数: 0

Commentary on van Raalte et al.'s "The Dangers of Drawing Cohort Profiles From Period Data: A Research Note". 对 van Raalte 等人的 "The Dangers of Drawing Cohort Profiles From Period Data：研究说明 "的评论。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11484875

Carl P Schmertmann

引用次数: 0

The Effects of the 2021 Child Tax Credit on Housing Affordability and the Living Arrangements of Families With Low Incomes. 2021 年儿童税收抵免对住房负担能力和低收入家庭生活安排的影响》（The Effects of the 2021 Child Tax Credit on Housing Affordability and Living Arrangements of Families With Low Incomes）。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11458327

Natasha V Pilkauskas, Katherine Michelmore, Nicole Kovski

{"title":"The Effects of the 2021 Child Tax Credit on Housing Affordability and the Living Arrangements of Families With Low Incomes.","authors":"Natasha V Pilkauskas, Katherine Michelmore, Nicole Kovski","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11458327","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11458327","url":null,"abstract":"Access to safe and stable housing is important for child and adult well-being. Yet many low-income households face severe challenges in maintaining stable housing. In this article, we examine the impact of the 2021 temporary expansion to the Child Tax Credit (CTC) on housing affordability and the living arrangements of families with low incomes. We employ a parameterized difference-in-differences method and leverage national data from a sample of parents who are receiving or recently received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits (N = ∼20,500), many of whom became newly eligible for the CTC. We find that the monthly CTC reduced parents' past-due rent/mortgages (both amounts and incidence) and their reports of potential moves due to difficulties affording rent/mortgages. The CTC increased the likelihood that parents reported a change in their living arrangements and reduced their household size, both effects driven by fewer mothers living with a partner (and not a reduction in doubling up). We find some differences in effects by race and ethnicity and earnings. Our findings illustrate that the monthly credit improved low-income parents' ability to afford housing, gain residential independence from partners, and reduce the number of people residing in their household.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1069-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adverse Infant Health Outcomes Increased After the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election Among Non-White U.S.-born and Foreign-born Mothers. 2016 年美国总统大选后，美国出生的非白人母亲和外国出生的母亲的婴儿健康不良结果有所增加。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11477581

Paola D Langer, Caitlin Patler, Erin R Hamilton

{"title":"Adverse Infant Health Outcomes Increased After the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election Among Non-White U.S.-born and Foreign-born Mothers.","authors":"Paola D Langer, Caitlin Patler, Erin R Hamilton","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11477581","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11477581","url":null,"abstract":"Macro-level events such as elections can improve or harm population health across existing axes of stratification through policy changes and signals of inclusion or threat. This study investigates whether rates of, and disparities in, adverse birth outcomes between racialized and nativity groups changed after Donald Trump's November 2016 election, a period characterized by increases in xenophobic and racist messages, policies, and actions in the United States. Using data from 15,568,710 U.S. births between November 2012 and November 2018, we find that adverse birth outcomes increased after Trump's election among U.S.- and foreign-born mothers racialized as Black, Hispanic, and Asian and Pacific Islander (API), compared with the period encompassing the two Obama presidencies. Results for Whites suggest no change or a slight decrease in adverse outcomes following Trump's election, yet this finding was not robust to checks for seasonality. Black-White, Hispanic-White, and API-White disparities in adverse birth outcomes widened among both U.S.- and foreign-born mothers after Trump's election. Our findings suggest that Trump's election was a racist and xenophobic macro-level political event that undermined the health of infants born to non-White mothers in the United States.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1211-1239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Historical Patterns in the Intergenerational Transmission of Lifespan and Longevity: A Research Note on U.S. Cohorts Born Between 1700 and 1900. 寿命和长寿代际传承的历史模式：关于 1700-1900 年间出生的美国群体的研究说明》。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11458359

Saverio Minardi, Giulia Corti, Nicola Barban

{"title":"Historical Patterns in the Intergenerational Transmission of Lifespan and Longevity: A Research Note on U.S. Cohorts Born Between 1700 and 1900.","authors":"Saverio Minardi, Giulia Corti, Nicola Barban","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11458359","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11458359","url":null,"abstract":"This research note examines historical trends in lifespan inequality and the intergenerational transmission of lifespan and longevity in the United States over the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. We contribute to the literature by expanding the estimates of the familial component beyond parent-child associations to include multigenerational and horizontal classes of relatives of different sexes. We also examine how lifespan inequality and the role of the family in lifespan and longevity changed over time. We address the challenge of studying extended family networks in historical times by leveraging recent online crowdsourced genealogical data. Results confirm the presence of a familial component for all classes of relatives considered and highlight a stronger association for horizontal than for vertical relationships. Despite decreasing lifespan inequality, we find no evidence of decreased familial lifespan stratification throughout history. If anything, the results suggest a strengthening of the parent-child association. Finally, the results contribute to the debate on the representativeness and usability of crowdsourced genealogical data by emphasizing the importance of sample selection based on the quality of the information collected.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"979-994"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intergenerational Clustering of Under-Five Mortality: A Cohort Perspective in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. 五岁以下儿童死亡率的代际聚集：中低收入国家的队列视角》。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11477436

Emily Smith-Greenaway, Abigail Weitzman, Yingyi Lin, Katarina Huss

{"title":"Intergenerational Clustering of Under-Five Mortality: A Cohort Perspective in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Emily Smith-Greenaway, Abigail Weitzman, Yingyi Lin, Katarina Huss","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11477436","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11477436","url":null,"abstract":"A burgeoning demographic literature documents the exceedingly high rates at which contemporary cohorts of women across the Global South experience the death of their children-even amid historic declines in child mortality. Yet, the patterning of maternal bereavement remains underinvestigated, as does the extent to which it replicates across generations of the same family. To that end, we ask: Are the surviving daughters of bereaved mothers more likely to eventually experience maternal bereavement? How does the intergenerational clustering of maternal bereavement vary across countries and cohorts? To answer these questions, we make use of Demographic and Health Survey Program data from 50 low- and middle-income countries, encompassing data on 1.05 million women and their mothers spanning three decadal birth cohorts. Descriptive results demonstrate that maternal bereavement is increasingly patterned intergenerationally across cohorts, with most women experiencing the same fate as their mothers. Multivariable hazard models further show that, on average, women whose mothers were maternally bereaved have significantly increased odds of losing a child themselves. In most countries, the association is stable across cohorts; however, in select countries, the risk associated with having a bereaved mother is shrinking among more recent birth cohorts.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1043-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epigenetic Aging Helps Explain Differential Resilience in Older Adults. 表观遗传老化有助于解释老年人不同的恢复能力。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11466635

Eric T Klopack, Eileen M Crimmins

{"title":"Epigenetic Aging Helps Explain Differential Resilience in Older Adults.","authors":"Eric T Klopack, Eileen M Crimmins","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11466635","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11466635","url":null,"abstract":"Past research suggests that resilience to health hazards increases with age, potentially because less resilient individuals die at earlier ages, leaving behind their more resilient peers. Using lifetime cigarette smoking as a model health hazard, we examined whether accelerated epigenetic aging (indicating differences in the speed of individuals' underlying aging process) helps explain age-related resilience in a nationally representative sample of 3,783 older U.S. adults from the Health and Retirement Study. Results of mediation moderation analyses indicated that participants aged 86 or older showed a weaker association between lifetime cigarette smoking and mortality relative to participants aged 76-85 and a weaker association between smoking and multimorbidity relative to all younger cohorts. This moderation effect was mediated by a reduced association between smoking pack-years and epigenetic aging. This research helps identify subpopulations of particularly resilient individuals and identifies epigenetic aging as a potential mechanism explaining this process. Interventions in younger adults could utilize epigenetic aging estimates to identify the most vulnerable individuals and intervene before adverse health outcomes, such as chronic disease morbidity or mortality, manifest.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1023-1041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0