Demography最新文献_第4页

Epigenetic Aging Helps Explain Differential Resilience in Older Adults. 表观遗传老化有助于解释老年人不同的恢复能力。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11466635

Eric T Klopack, Eileen M Crimmins

{"title":"Epigenetic Aging Helps Explain Differential Resilience in Older Adults.","authors":"Eric T Klopack, Eileen M Crimmins","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11466635","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11466635","url":null,"abstract":"Past research suggests that resilience to health hazards increases with age, potentially because less resilient individuals die at earlier ages, leaving behind their more resilient peers. Using lifetime cigarette smoking as a model health hazard, we examined whether accelerated epigenetic aging (indicating differences in the speed of individuals' underlying aging process) helps explain age-related resilience in a nationally representative sample of 3,783 older U.S. adults from the Health and Retirement Study. Results of mediation moderation analyses indicated that participants aged 86 or older showed a weaker association between lifetime cigarette smoking and mortality relative to participants aged 76-85 and a weaker association between smoking and multimorbidity relative to all younger cohorts. This moderation effect was mediated by a reduced association between smoking pack-years and epigenetic aging. This research helps identify subpopulations of particularly resilient individuals and identifies epigenetic aging as a potential mechanism explaining this process. Interventions in younger adults could utilize epigenetic aging estimates to identify the most vulnerable individuals and intervene before adverse health outcomes, such as chronic disease morbidity or mortality, manifest.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1023-1041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Negotiating Work and Family Spheres: The Dyadic Effects of Flexible Work Arrangements on Fertility Among Dual-Earner Heterosexual Couples. 协商工作与家庭：灵活的工作安排对双职工异性夫妇生育率的影响。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11466849

Senhu Wang, Jolene Tan

{"title":"Negotiating Work and Family Spheres: The Dyadic Effects of Flexible Work Arrangements on Fertility Among Dual-Earner Heterosexual Couples.","authors":"Senhu Wang, Jolene Tan","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11466849","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11466849","url":null,"abstract":"Academics and policymakers have suggested making flexible work arrangements (FWAs) the default in workplaces to promote a family-friendly workplace culture conducive to having and raising children. However, systematic research investigating how FWAs, as a long-term approach to negotiating work-family spheres, are related to fertility among dual-earner heterosexual couples is limited. Drawing on the linked-lives perspective, we theorize the relationship between FWAs and fertility among couples and potential variation depending on the interplay of both spouses' work and family characteristics. We test our hypotheses using longitudinal couple-level dyadic data in the United Kingdom (2010-2022). We find that although FWA availability alone is unrelated to fertility, wives' (not husbands') FWA use is significantly associated with a higher probability of experiencing a first birth. Moreover, the effect of wives' FWA use is particularly pronounced when both spouses work in professional and managerial occupations and when husbands contribute a larger proportion of income and at least equal housework. This study reveals a gendered effect of FWAs on fertility across work-family arrangements, deepening our understanding of couple-level dynamics in the fertility process.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1241-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141628104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decomposing the Drivers of Population Aging: A Research Note. 分解人口老龄化的驱动因素：研究说明。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11481955

Tabitha Scott, Vladimir Canudas-Romo

{"title":"Decomposing the Drivers of Population Aging: A Research Note.","authors":"Tabitha Scott, Vladimir Canudas-Romo","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11481955","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11481955","url":null,"abstract":"Population aging is an important and increasingly relevant area of study for demographers. A growing body of research seeks to determine how long-term changes in births, mortality, and migration-the three drivers of any demographic process-have shaped the present aging situation. Using variable-r decomposition and cohort data, this research note presents a formula for the change in the old-age dependency ratio to determine the extent to which relative changes in births, as well as in mortality and migration rates, contribute to aging. This perspective provides a careful and in-depth picture of aging and contributes to the debate concerning whether changes in births or mortality have had the strongest effect on population aging. When applied to Australia, the United States, and several European populations, the decomposition of the old-age dependency ratio shows that aging occurred in all populations and that changes in both births and mortality contributed to this aging. Analysis of these populations demonstrates that although they differed regarding which of these factors contributed more, changes in births prevailed as the more significant factor. In nearly all populations, migration decreased the rate of population aging.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1011-1021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response to Carl Schmertmann Commentary-Drawing Cohort Profiles From Period Data: Improvements and Risks. 回应 Carl Schmertmann 评论--从周期数据中提取队列轮廓：改进与风险。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11484973

Alyson A van Raalte, Ugofilippo Basellini, Carlo Giovanni Camarda, Marília Nepomuceno, Mikko Myrskylä

引用次数: 0

Ranking Age-at-Death Distributions Using Dominance: Robust Evaluation of United States Mortality Trends, 2006-2021. 利用多项式对死亡年龄分布进行排序：2006-2021年美国死亡率趋势的稳健评估》（Robust Evaluation of United States Mortality Trends, 2006-2021）。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11460856

Jawa Issa, Tom Van Ourti, Pieter van Baal, Owen O'Donnell

引用次数: 0

Reassessing Chronic Strain: A Research Note on Women's Income Dynamics After Divorce and Separation. 重新评估长期压力：关于离婚和分居后妇女收入动态的研究说明》。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11372303

Thomas Leopold, Matthijs Kalmijn

{"title":"Reassessing Chronic Strain: A Research Note on Women's Income Dynamics After Divorce and Separation.","authors":"Thomas Leopold, Matthijs Kalmijn","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11372303","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11372303","url":null,"abstract":"The economic consequences of divorce and separation for women are commonly associated with the chronic strain model, according to which women's losses are large and persistent. This research note shifts the focus to a crisis model highlighting women's potential of, and routes to, recovery from initial losses. Drawing on German Socio-Economic Panel data (1984-2021) on women in marital and cohabiting unions (N ∼ 27,000 women, N ∼ 3,400 divorces and separations), we use fixed-effects regression models and event-history models to analyze changes in equivalized monthly household income and poverty risk across the process of divorce and separation. Results show that most women recovered from their initial economic declines. Although initial losses were common and often sizable, large fractions of women eventually returned to or exceeded the household income expected in the absence of divorce and separation. Recovery was facilitated by the \"traditional\" route of repartnering and the \"modern\" route of women mobilizing their productive skills. Both routes appeared more important than the absence of barriers, such as children in the household. We conclude that for the majority of women, the economic consequences of divorce and separation are better described as a temporary crisis than as a chronic strain.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"597-613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Venezuelan Humanitarian Crisis, Out-Migration, and Household Change Among Venezuelans in Venezuela and Abroad. 委内瑞拉人道主义危机、向外移民以及委内瑞拉国内和国外委内瑞拉人的家庭变迁。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11330409

Abigail Weitzman, Katarina Huss

{"title":"The Venezuelan Humanitarian Crisis, Out-Migration, and Household Change Among Venezuelans in Venezuela and Abroad.","authors":"Abigail Weitzman, Katarina Huss","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11330409","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11330409","url":null,"abstract":"International migration is increasingly characterized by the need to evade threats to survival. Nevertheless, demographic understandings of how families-rather than individuals alone-decide to migrate or separate in response to threats remain limited. Focusing on the recent humanitarian crisis in Venezuela, we analyze 2012-2016 data on Venezuelans in Venezuela and 2018-2020 data on UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)-registered Venezuelans in nine receiving countries to illuminate the evolution of threats Venezuelans sought to evade, how threat evasion transformed households away from previous norms, the selection of migrants into different receiving countries and household structures, and demographic disparities in migrants' odds of reporting changes to their household because of specific migration-related processes (e.g., leaving someone in Venezuela, leaving someone in another country). Results underscore a simultaneous escalation of economic, safety, and political concerns that informed Venezuelans' increasing intentions to out-migrate. Where Venezuelans migrated and who ended up in their households abroad varied by demographic background and migration experiences. Among UNHCR-registered Venezuelans, 43% left family members in Venezuela, and more than 10% left or were left behind by members in another country. Such household separations, however, were unevenly distributed across factors such as age, gender, and country of reception.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"737-767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Migration, Gender, and Families: The Effects of Spousal Migration on Women's Empowerment. 移民、性别与家庭：配偶移民对妇女赋权的影响》。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11370243

Heidi West, Angubeen Khan, Abdur Razzaque, Randall Kuhn

引用次数: 0

Youth Caregivers of Adults in the United States: Prevalence and the Association Between Caregiving and Education. 美国成年人的青少年照顾者：美国成年人的青少年照顾者：美国成年人的青少年照顾者：美国成年人的青少年照顾者：美国成年人的青少年照顾者：美国成年人的青少年照顾者：美国成年人的青少年照顾者

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11383976

Katherine E M Miller, Joanna L Hart, Mateo Useche Rosania, Norma B Coe

{"title":"Youth Caregivers of Adults in the United States: Prevalence and the Association Between Caregiving and Education.","authors":"Katherine E M Miller, Joanna L Hart, Mateo Useche Rosania, Norma B Coe","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11383976","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11383976","url":null,"abstract":"A growing proportion of individuals adopt family caregiving roles. Family caregivers are the primary providers of long-term care in the United States yet limited federal policy supports exist, despite the known negative impacts of caregiving. There is also limited information about the prevalence of youth/young adult caregivers and the impacts of caregiving at formative ages in the United States. Our objective is to estimate the prevalence of youth caregivers and examine the association of caregiving with educational investments. We use the American Time Use Survey (2013-2019) to identify and describe youth caregivers (aged 15-18) and young adult caregivers (aged 19-22) and compare them with non-caregiving peers. We estimate that there are approximately 1,623,000 youth caregivers and 1,986,000 young adult caregivers, corresponding to 9.2% and 12.7% of these age groups, respectively. However, there is a wide range in the estimated prevalence per year, from approximately 364,000 to 2.8 million youth caregivers and from 353,000 to 2.2 million young adult caregivers, depending on caregiver definition. Unlike adult caregivers, we find that young men and women were nearly equally likely to provide care. We also find that non-White individuals are disproportionately represented as youth caregivers. Compared with non-caregiving peers, both youth and young adult caregivers are less likely to be enrolled in school and, among those enrolled in school, spend significantly less time on educational activities. Considering the association of caregiving among youth/young adults and education, policies supporting youth and young adult caregivers are critical.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"829-847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141089010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal Changes in the Slavery-Inequality Relationship: The Diffusion of the Legacy of Slavery. 奴隶制与不平等关系的时空变化：奴隶制遗产的扩散。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11369749

Heather A O'Connell, Katherine J Curtis, Alex Mikulas, Jack DeWaard, Junho Lee

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Changes in the Slavery-Inequality Relationship: The Diffusion of the Legacy of Slavery.","authors":"Heather A O'Connell, Katherine J Curtis, Alex Mikulas, Jack DeWaard, Junho Lee","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11369749","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11369749","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the persistence of relationships between historical racist violence and contemporary Black-White inequality, research indicates, in broad strokes, that the slavery-inequality relationship in the United States has changed over time. Identifying the timing of such change across states can offer insights into the underlying processes that generate Black-White inequality. In this study, we use integrated nested Laplace approximation models to simultaneously account for spatial and temporal features of panel data for Southern counties during the period spanning 1900 to 2018, in combination with data on the concentration of enslaved people from the 1860 census. Results provide the first evidence on the timing of changes in the slavery-economic inequality relationship and how changes differ across states. We find a region-wide decline in the magnitude of the slavery-inequality relationship by 1930, with declines traversing the South in a northeasterly-to-southwesterly pattern over the study period. Different paces in declines in the relationship across states suggest the expansion of institutionalized racism first in places with the longest-standing overt systems of slavery. Results provide guidance for further identifying intervening mechanisms-most centrally, the maturity of racial hierarchies and the associated diffusion of racial oppression across institutions, and how they affect the legacy of slavery in the United States.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"711-735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0