Demography最新文献_第9页

The Impact of Childhood Mortality on Fertility in Rural Tanzania: Evidence From the Ifakara and Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems. 坦桑尼亚农村儿童死亡率对生育率的影响：来自Ifakara和Rufiji健康和人口监测系统的证据。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11048233

Colin Baynes, Almamy Malick Kante, Sigilbert Mrema, Honorati Masanja, Bryan J Weiner, Kenneth Sherr, James F Phillips

{"title":"The Impact of Childhood Mortality on Fertility in Rural Tanzania: Evidence From the Ifakara and Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems.","authors":"Colin Baynes, Almamy Malick Kante, Sigilbert Mrema, Honorati Masanja, Bryan J Weiner, Kenneth Sherr, James F Phillips","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11048233","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11048233","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript examines the relationship between child mortality and subsequent fertility using longitudinal data on births and childhood deaths occurring among 15,291 Tanzanian mothers between 2000 and 2015. Generalized hazard regression analyses assess the effect of child loss on the hazard of conception, adjusting for child-level, mother-level, and contextual covariates. Results show that time to conception is most reduced if an index child dies during the subsequent birth interval, representing the combined effect of biological and volitional replacement. Deaths occurring during prior birth intervals were associated with accelerated time to conception during future intervals, consistent with hypothesized insurance effects of anticipating future child loss, but this effect is smaller than replacement effects. The analysis reveals that residence in areas of relatively high child mortality is associated with hastened parity progression, again consistent with the insurance hypothesis. Investigation of high-order interactions suggests that insurance effects tend to be greater in low-mortality communities, replacement effects tend to be stronger in high-mortality community contexts, and wealthier families tend to exhibit a weaker insurance response but a stronger replacement response to childhood mortality relative to poorer families.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1721-1746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding Internal Migration: A Research Note Providing an Assessment of Migration Selection With Genetic Data. 了解内部迁徙：利用遗传数据评估迁徙选择的研究说明。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11053145

Shiro Furuya, Jihua Liu, Zhongxuan Sun, Qiongshi Lu, Jason M Fletcher

{"title":"Understanding Internal Migration: A Research Note Providing an Assessment of Migration Selection With Genetic Data.","authors":"Shiro Furuya, Jihua Liu, Zhongxuan Sun, Qiongshi Lu, Jason M Fletcher","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11053145","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11053145","url":null,"abstract":"Migration is selective, resulting in inequalities between migrants and nonmigrants. However, investigating migration selection is empirically challenging because combined pre- and post-migration data are rarely available. We propose an alternative approach to assessing internal migration selection by integrating genetic data, enabling an investigation of migration selection with cross-sectional data collected post-migration. Using data from the UK Biobank, we utilized standard tools from statistical genetics to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for migration distance. We then calculated genetic correlations to compare GWAS results for migration with those for other characteristics. Given that individual genetics are determined at conception, these analyses allow a unique exploration of the association between pre-migration characteristics and migration. Results are generally consistent with the healthy migrant literature: genetics correlated with longer migration distance are associated with higher socioeconomic status and better health. We also extended the analysis to 53 traits and found novel correlations between migration and several physical health, mental health, personality, and sociodemographic traits.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1631-1648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Accuracy of 2020 Census Block-Level Estimates in California. 评估2020年加州人口普查级别估计的准确性。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11075209

Robert Bozick, Lane F Burgette, Ethan Sharygin, Regina A Shih, Beverly Weidmer, Michael Tzen, Aaron Kofner, Jennie E Brand, Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez

引用次数: 0

Research Note Showing That the Rural Mortality Penalty Varies by Region, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States, 1999-2016. 研究报告显示，1999-2016年美国农村死亡率因地区、种族和民族而异。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11078239

Danielle Rhubart, Alexis Santos

{"title":"Research Note Showing That the Rural Mortality Penalty Varies by Region, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States, 1999-2016.","authors":"Danielle Rhubart, Alexis Santos","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11078239","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11078239","url":null,"abstract":"This research note presents a new perspective on the rural mortality penalty in the United States. While previous work has documented a growing rural mortality penalty, there has been a lack of attention to heterogeneity in trends at the intersection of region, race, and ethnicity. We use age-adjusted mortality rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to examine the rural mortality penalty by region, race, and ethnicity for 1999-2016 (N = 44,792,050 deaths) and stratify by 2006 National Center for Health Statistics metropolitan-nonmetropolitan classifications. We find substantial variation at the intersection of region, race, and ethnicity, revealing heterogeneity in the rural penalty and-in some cases-a rural mortality advantage. For the Black/African American population, the rural mortality penalty is observed only in the South. On the other hand, for Hispanic/Latino populations, a small but persistent rural mortality penalty is present only in the South and the West. There is a rural mortality penalty in all regions for White and American Indian/Alaska Native populations. However, for the latter, there is substantial variation in the magnitude of the penalty by region of residence. This research documents heterogeneous patterns when the rural mortality penalty is analyzed by region, race, and ethnicity in the United States.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1699-1709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10796192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barker's Hypothesis Among the Global Poor: Positive Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of in Utero Famine Exposure. 全球穷人中的巴克假说：子宫内饥荒暴露对心血管的长期积极影响。

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11052790

Alberto Ciancio, Jere Behrman, Fabrice Kämpfen, Iliana V Kohler, Jürgen Maurer, Victor Mwapasa, Hans-Peter Kohler

引用次数: 0

The Big (Genetic) Sort? A Research Note on Migration Patterns and Their Genetic Imprint in the United Kingdom. 大（基因）型？关于英国移民模式及其遗传印记的研究报告。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11054960

Shiro Furuya, Jihua Liu, Zhongxuan Sun, Qiongshi Lu, Jason M Fletcher

引用次数: 0

Household Instability and Girls' Teen Childbearing. 家庭不稳定与少女生育问题。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11033086

Kristin L Perkins

{"title":"Household Instability and Girls' Teen Childbearing.","authors":"Kristin L Perkins","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11033086","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11033086","url":null,"abstract":"More than one third of U.S. children spend part of their childhood living with extended family members. By age 18, nearly 40% of U.S. children experience a household change involving a nonparent. Research has found that having extended family or nonrelatives join or leave children's households negatively affects children's educational attainment. I argue that we need new ways of theorizing, conceptualizing, and measuring household changes and their effects on children. I use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and marginal structural models with inverse probability of treatment weighting to estimate the association between household changes involving parents and nonparents and teen childbearing among girls. I find that experiencing household changes involving nonparents and parents during childhood is associated with a significantly higher probability of having a child as a teenager than experiencing no changes. In addition, the association between changes involving parents and teen childbearing is statistically indistinguishable from the association between changes involving nonparents and teen childbearing, suggesting that household composition shifts involving nonparents can be as disruptive to girls as those involving parents.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1767-1789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The United States' Record-Low Child Poverty Rate in International and Historical Perspective: A Research Note. 从国际和历史的角度看，美国儿童贫困率创历史新低:一份研究报告。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11064017

Zachary Parolin, Stefano Filauro

{"title":"The United States' Record-Low Child Poverty Rate in International and Historical Perspective: A Research Note.","authors":"Zachary Parolin, Stefano Filauro","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11064017","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11064017","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021, the federal government of the United States expanded a set of income transfers that led to strong reductions in child poverty. This research note uses microdata from more than 50 countries and U.S. data spanning more than 50 years to place the 2021 child poverty rate in historical and international perspective. We demonstrate that whether using the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM), relative poverty measures, or an absolute poverty measure, the U.S. child poverty rate in 2021 was at its lowest level since at least 1967. The U.S. tax and transfer system reduced the 2021 SPM child poverty rate by more than 75% relative to the pre-tax/transfer child poverty rate; this reduction was three times the mean reduction effect between 1967 and 2019. These policy changes improved the country's standing from having a relative poverty rate twice that of Germany's in 2019 to the same as Germany's in 2021. Moreover, the U.S. progressed from reducing child poverty at less than half the rate of Norway in 2019 to a rate comparable to Norway in 2021. However, the U.S. success was temporary: after the expiration of the 2021 income provisions, the child poverty rate doubled and returned to being higher than in most other high-income countries.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1665-1673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107592542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Research Note on Trends in the Stock and Flow of Child Support Agreements. 关于儿童抚养协议存量和流动趋势的研究说明。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11075477

Maria Cancian, Molly A Costanzo, Daniel R Meyer

{"title":"A Research Note on Trends in the Stock and Flow of Child Support Agreements.","authors":"Maria Cancian, Molly A Costanzo, Daniel R Meyer","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11075477","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11075477","url":null,"abstract":"In this research note, we demonstrate that trends in the likelihood of child support agreements differ by marital history (i.e., never-married vs. ever-married) and by whether measures rely on the stock of families (i.e., all those in which children live apart from a parent) or the flow (i.e., those that include children who newly live apart from a parent) in a given year. While previous research has highlighted difference by marital history, the contrast between stock and flow is a new contribution. Trends are typically measured with reference to the stock of cases, even while the flow of cases, which more immediately reflects concurrent policy changes, is more relevant in many contexts. Interpretations of recent declines in child support agreements in the stock of cases-referenced as evidence for both mandating participation and the impracticality of requiring child support-may be better informed by considering the flow of cases. We find the flow of previously married mothers increasingly likely to have child support agreements while the likelihood is relatively consistent over time for never-married mothers. For both groups, using the flow measure, we find notable increases in agreements without payments due in the most recent period. These findings underscore the importance of differentiating stock and flow, and by marital history, in considering the proportion with agreements as an indicator of the effectiveness of current policy.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1711-1720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138048213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Rising Importance of Stock-Linked Assets in the Black-White Wealth Gap. 股票相关资产在黑人与白人贫富差距中的重要性日益上升。

IF 3.5 1区社会学

Demography Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11067778

Ken-Hou Lin, Guillermo Dominguez

{"title":"The Rising Importance of Stock-Linked Assets in the Black-White Wealth Gap.","authors":"Ken-Hou Lin, Guillermo Dominguez","doi":"10.1215/00703370-11067778","DOIUrl":"10.1215/00703370-11067778","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have examined the racial disparities in household characteristics, homeownership, and familial transfer as primary drivers of the Black-White wealth gap in the United States. This study assesses the importance of stock-linked assets in generating wealth inequality. As financial assets become a growing component of household portfolios, the Black-White wealth gap is increasingly associated with the racial disparity in stock-linked assets. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study shows that the contribution of stock-linked assets to the Black-White wealth gap has expanded in both absolute and relative terms, surpassing those of homeownership and business equity. Furthermore, a substantial disparity in financial wealth exists even for otherwise similar Black and White households. Although the disparity is larger among those with more economic resources, a gap remains among those with less. Lastly, our analysis shows that the combination of lower ownership levels and lower returns on financial wealth among Black households could account for a quarter of the Black-White wealth accumulation gap, net of differences in current net worth and household characteristics. Our findings suggest that considering financial assets is critical for understanding contemporary racial wealth inequality.","PeriodicalId":48394,"journal":{"name":"Demography","volume":" ","pages":"1877-1901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0