Developmental Science最新文献

{"title":"A Glass Half Full: Limitations in ChiLDES Point to Ways Forward for a More Representative Developmental Science. Commentary on Scaff et al. (2025)","authors":"Virginia A. Marchman, Adriana Weisleder","doi":"10.1111/desc.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.70065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children Demand an Equal Share of Worthless Objects","authors":"Colin Jacobs,&nbsp;Sebastian Grueneisen,&nbsp;Harriet Over,&nbsp;Jan M. Engelmann","doi":"10.1111/desc.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A key milestone in the development of fairness is <i>disadvantageous inequity aversion</i>: a willingness to sacrifice valuable rewards to avoid receiving less than a peer. The equal respect hypothesis suggests that, in addition to material concerns, children are also motivated to reject disadvantageous inequity due to interpersonal concerns. To test this prediction, we investigated how young children (<i>N</i> = 184, ages 4–7) respond to receiving less of the objects they explicitly do not desire across three pre-registered experiments. We found that, from 4 years old, children are averse to receiving unequal offers of undesirable objects (Experiment 1) and are even willing to sacrifice a high-value reward to reject inequality of undesirable objects (Experiment 2). Children are less likely to refuse unequal offers of undesirable objects when the distributor provides a reason for giving them less (Experiment 3). Together, these studies demonstrate that interpersonal concerns play a key role in motivating the costly rejection of inequity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>4–7-year-olds reject unequal allocations of worthless objects despite not liking them (Experiment 1).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Children even sacrifice a high-value reward to reject unequal allocations of worthless objects (Experiment 2).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Children reject unequal allocations less often when given a reason for the unequal distribution by the distributor (Experiment 3).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>This suggests that interpersonal concerns play a key role in motivating the costly rejection of inequity, independent of material consequences.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children Cheat to Return a Favor","authors":"Laura Tietz,&nbsp;Felix Warneken,&nbsp;Sebastian Grueneisen","doi":"10.1111/desc.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reciprocity is a cornerstone of human cooperation, motivating individuals to assist each other at a personal cost, resulting in mutual long-term benefits. However, reciprocity can conflict with honesty norms, such as when returning favors to previous benefactors requires individuals to act dishonestly. The resulting moral dilemmas are difficult to navigate even for adults, yet developmental research has almost exclusively focused on the prosocial aspects of reciprocity. To explore the developmental origins of this conflict, we investigated 5- to 8-year-old children's evaluations of and engagement in prosocial cheating to return a favor. In Study 1, children evaluated protagonists in hypothetical scenarios who cheated to benefit others whom they did or did not owe a favor. Across ages, children condemned cheating and favored honesty over reciprocity from a third-party perspective. In Study 2, children participated in two games in which they had the opportunity to cheat (by peeking behind a barrier or misreporting die-rolling outcomes, respectively) to win prizes for an adult partner who had either previously shared a valued resource with them (reciprocity condition) or not (control condition). Across ages, children were more likely to benefit a partner by cheating when they owed them a favor than when they did not owe them a favor. These findings suggest that children as young as 5 are willing to disregard honesty in favor of reciprocating prosocial acts, highlighting the developmental origins of a tension between interpersonal obligations and moral norms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>In two studies, we investigated 5- to 8-year-old children's evaluations of and engagement in prosocial cheating and prosocial cheating to return a favor.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>From a third-party perspective, children strongly endorsed rule compliance and condemned cheating, even when it helped someone else.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>When acting themselves, children cheated to benefit a partner, especially when the partner had previously done them a favor.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The results reveal that reciprocity can override honesty norms in early childhood, shaping moral decision-making.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/desc.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Congenital Visual Impairment on Early-Life Exploration: Behavioral Analysis of Temporal and Motor Parameters During a Reach-to-Grasp Playful Task","authors":"Petri Stefania,&nbsp;Riberto Martina,&nbsp;Setti Walter,&nbsp;Campus Claudio,&nbsp;Vitali Helene,&nbsp;Signorini Sabrina,&nbsp;Tinelli Francesca,&nbsp;Serafino Massimiliano,&nbsp;Strazzer Sandra,&nbsp;Giammari Giuseppina,&nbsp;Cocchi Elena,&nbsp;Gori Monica","doi":"10.1111/desc.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reach-to-grasp behavior is a key developmental milestone in infants, involving coordinated actions such as arm transport, hand pre-shaping, and hand opening and closing. Vision guides the development of these skills, and delays in visual input can impact infants with early visual impairments. However, the effects of a congenital visual impairment on reach-to-grasp behavior in early life remain largely unexplored. To address this gap, we compared the reach-to-grasp abilities of sighted (S) and visually impaired (VI) infants and children, focusing on temporal (Movement and Pick-up times) and motor parameters (body midline crossing with one or two hands and hand preference). We hypothesized that VI children would face greater challenges in planning and executing a rapid and accurate reach-to-grasp movement, particularly during the pick-up phase. To investigate this, we asked sighted and VI infants and children to grasp black spheres of different sizes, placed centrally, on the right, or the left of a table in a dimly lit room. Three key findings emerged from our analysis. First, VI children required more time to pick up the spheres compared to their sighted peers. Second, VI children showed a reduced frequency of one-handed body midline crossing when reaching for lateral spheres, but showed an age-related increase, especially when using both hands. Third, VI children showed no hand preference, unlike S children who favored their right hand for crossing the body midline. These results highlight the role of visual experience in developing effective goal-directed movements and support creating early evidence-based rehabilitation procedures. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/bjwkMQmdFoE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Understanding the impact of visual impairment on exploration abilities is crucial, especially in early developmental stages.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Currently, there is a significant research gap concerning fine motor skills, particularly reaching and grasping, in visually impaired infants during development.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We proposed a playful task to collect behavioral data on reaching and grasping skills in visually impaired children.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Results shed light on the pivotal role of visual experience during the first years of life in shaping the maturation of reaching and grasping skills.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/desc.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dotted Triangle or Dots of Three: The Role of Representational Content on Working Memory Capacity in Early Childhood","authors":"Tongyan Ren,&nbsp;Xuechen Ding,&nbsp;Chen Cheng","doi":"10.1111/desc.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Working memory (WM) is a critical cognitive system that supports processing a variety of information. Remembering different types of objects may impose different levels of cognitive demands on WM performance. In the present study, we examined 205 children's WM in representing different types of content and its developmental trajectories in early childhood. Experiment 1 examined 5-year-olds’ WM performance when remembering different content (animals and dots). To control perceptual differences, Experiment 2 compared the same-age children's WM performance when the stimuli (e.g., three dots) needed to be encoded from different representational domains (perceptual domain: visuospatial representation; conceptual domain: numerical representation). In Experiment 3, we further investigated the early developmental trends of representing different types of information in WM between the ages of 3 and 5. Results showed that children's WM performance varied over different types of stimuli. When presented with the same stimuli, encoding different aspects of the content (conceptual vs. perceptual) may impose different levels of cognitive demands, and the performance of which was dependent on the WM loads. Together these findings informed our understanding of the role of representational content in children's WM development and provided empirical implications for considering the testing stimuli when designing WM measurements for young children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Children's working memory (WM) performance varies depending on the type of representational content (conceptual vs. perceptual).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Encoding the same stimuli from different representational domains imposes varying memory loads in preschool-aged children.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Developmental trends in WM for different types of content emerge between ages three and five.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Findings provide insights for designing assessments tailored to young children's developmental and representational capacities.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/desc.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustaining Language Acquisition Research in Africa: A Commentary on Scaff et al. (2025)","authors":"Paul Okyere Omane,&nbsp;Adebola A. Isaiah,&nbsp;Reginald Akuoko Duah,&nbsp;Thierry Nazzi","doi":"10.1111/desc.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.70063","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The study by Scaff et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) provides additional evidence for the biases toward WEIRD populations in child language acquisition research. While their findings are unsurprising, they emphasize the urgent need to diversify research samples in terms of speaker population, geography, language, and culture (see also Aravena-Bravo et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Cristia et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Kidd and Garcia &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Singh et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Scaff and colleagues convincingly argue for greater diversity and generalizability in the field (see also Kidd and Garcia &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Singh et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), making a strong case for studying child language acquisition in more varied countries, more socioeconomically diverse populations (in terms of socioeconomic status [SES], education, and occupation), underrepresented rural communities, different family structures, and lesser-studied languages from more diverse linguistic families and including more bilingual and multilingual infants with more varied language combinations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some of the issues raised by Scaff et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) can be addressed by researchers in WEIRD countries, for example, by including or targeting infants from lower SES families, and infants growing in rural areas of industrialized countries (e.g., Gonzalez-Gomez et al. &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), which will not be discussed here. Rather, in this commentary, we argue that studying language acquisition in rural and urban communities in Africa is essential for diversifying research on child language acquisition and addressing several of the other issues raised in the target article (i.e., language diversity; bi/multilingualism; sociocultural diversity), taking Ghana and Nigeria as examples. We also offer some suggestions to help create developmental corpora from underrepresented languages and speaker populations and, more generally, foster more inclusive language acquisition research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regarding language diversity, Scaff et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) report a dominance of Indo-European languages, with English being the most prevalent among them. Although Africa is the most linguistically diverse continent, with approximately 2582 languages (Lodhi &lt;span&gt;1993&lt;/span&gt;), it is striking that not a single indigenous African language—particularly from the Niger-Congo family, which is the largest with 1554 languages (Eberhard et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;)—is represented in the languages or language combinations (for bilinguals and multilinguals) analyzed by Scaff and colleagues. This shows the extent of linguistic, geographical, and cultural biases in the data underlying most language acquisition theories. Corpus and experimental data from Ghana and Nigeria, where about 73 and 520 languages are spoken, respectively (Eberhard et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), could contribute to expanding diversity and our understanding of language acquisition processes and to fostering more generalizable theories. While effo","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/desc.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Don't Let Perfect be the Enemy of Good: A Comparative Approach to Computational Modeling","authors":"Morten H. Christiansen,&nbsp;Stewart M. McCauley","doi":"10.1111/desc.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scaff et al. present a comprehensive analysis of the CHILDES database, demonstrating clear demographic biases in its naturalistic language recordings. We concur with their conclusion that researchers need to be mindful of these biases when making theoretical claims based on CHILDES data. While we agree that more diversity is needed in future corpus collections, we also argue that a comparative approach to corpus analyses and computational modeling might help alleviate some of the current limitations of CHILDES.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Scarff et al. show that there are substantial demographic biases in the CHILDES database.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We agree with Scarff et al. that these biases need to be considered when theorizing about language development based on CHILDES data.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We also concur that more support and effort is needed to ensure increased diversity in future collections of naturalistic language recordings.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>However, we contend that we can still learn much from the currently available corpora in CHILDES.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We argue for a fundamentally comparative approach to using CHILDES data, promising to alleviate some of its current limitations.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Emerging Gradients in Children's Eye Movement Times Across Levels of Household Resources","authors":"Jukka M. Leppänen,&nbsp;Juha Pyykkö,&nbsp;Denise Evans,&nbsp;Lezanie Coetzee,&nbsp;Günther Fink,&nbsp;Aisha K. Yousafzai,&nbsp;David H. Hamer,&nbsp;Doug Parkerson,&nbsp;Peter C. Rockers","doi":"10.1111/desc.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies in low-resource settings suggest that multiple aspects of early childhood development are sensitive to the relative poverty of a child's environment. We examined whether direct, quantitative measures of early developing cognitive functions show a similar association with relative poverty. Eye movement latencies were recorded in children at 7, 17, and 36 months in rural South Africa (<i>N</i> = 374). The latency to respond to the appearance of visual objects was inversely associated with a proxy measure of the child's socioeconomic environment (household asset ownership), with longer latencies observed in children from households with less asset-based resources. This gradient was detectable at 7 months, increased between 7 and 36 months, was not explained by differences in prior exposure to screens, and generalized to the latency of eye movements towards socially cued objects (i.e., pointing gestures that directed the child's attention to a specific object). Physical growth (height-for-age) and developmental milestone scores were lower in children from households with less resources. The results were replicated in an analysis of independent data from 31-month-old children collected in Zambia (<i>N</i> = 270). The results provide novel evidence for early emerging gradients in behaviors that are universal and mechanistically involved in learning and skill formation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Eye tracking was used to assess whether the early development of elementary visual behaviors is associated with the relative poverty of the environment in low-resource settings.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Eye movement latencies to the onset of visual stimuli were longer in children from relatively poorer environments, with suggestive evidence for a steepening of this gradient over early childhood.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A similar gradient across poverty levels was seen in eye movement latencies to dynamic social spatial cues (gaze and hand gestures)</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>This study provides novel, quantitative evidence for very early-emerging gradients in behaviors that are essential for adaptive functioning and learning across all environments.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/desc.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing Moderators for Associations of Neighborhood Adversity With Psychopathology and Cognitive Outcomes","authors":"Teresa G. Vargas,&nbsp;Katie A. McLaughlin,&nbsp;Divyangana Rakesh","doi":"10.1111/desc.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neighborhood adversity links to mental health and cognitive outcomes, but little is known about structural factors that may buffer these links. The current study addresses this gap by assessing the role of protective factors in the association of neighborhood deprivation, threat, and segregation with psychopathology symptoms and cognitive outcomes. Linear mixed models were run in ABCD sample participants (<i>n</i> = 5812) to test associations of neighborhood Area Deprivation Index (ADI; <i>deprivation</i>), crime (<i>threat</i>), and dissimilarity and interaction index (<i>segregation</i>) with attention difficulties, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), and fluid and crystallized cognitive performance. School environment, neighborhood education child opportunity index, neighborhood cohesion, and green space were tested as moderators of the association of neighborhood adversity with outcomes. Higher neighborhood educational resources buffered the association of neighborhood <i>deprivation</i> with crystallized cognitive performance. The association of higher neighborhood crime with externalizing symptoms was weaker for youth in less supportive school environments. Further, higher neighborhood segregation was associated with internalizing symptoms more strongly for youth with more neighborhood educational resources. Taken together, results suggest adverse neighborhood environments are associated with higher psychopathology symptoms and lower cognitive performance. Access of neighborhood educational resources could buffer links of neighborhood deprivation and cognitive performance. While evidence of protective links was not widespread, studying these patterns is necessary for understanding possible environmental contributors to mental health and cognitive function. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpGkdPkPiSw.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Adverse neighborhood environments were associated with higher psychopathology symptoms and lower cognitive performance, independent of individual socioeconomic status.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Higher neighborhood educational resources buffered links of neighborhood <i>deprivation</i> with crystallized cognitive performance; deprivation was more strongly associated with lower crystallized cognition for youth with lower neighborhood educational resources.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>While evidence of protective links was not widespread, understanding these patterns is necessary for informing structural prevention and intervention targets for mental health and cognition.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Associations Between Infant Attachment, Maternal Sensitivity, and Attention to Maternal Emotion Expressions","authors":"Mikko J. Peltola,&nbsp;Szilvia Biro,&nbsp;Rens Huffmeijer,&nbsp;Hanneli Sinisalo,&nbsp;Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg,&nbsp;Marinus H. van IJzendoorn","doi":"10.1111/desc.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent studies have indicated that patterns of infant-caregiver attachment are associated with differences in infants’ processing of social signals of emotion, such as facial expressions. In the current longitudinal study we extended this line of research to social signals of actual attachment figures by investigating whether 7-month-old infants’ neural and attentional responses to their mother's angry and happy facial expressions are associated with infants’ attachment security to the mother at 12 months of age. At 7 months (<i>n</i> = 88), we measured event-related potentials (ERP) to the mother's angry and happy faces and attention dwell times to the mother's and a stranger's angry and happy faces, and maternal sensitivity was assessed during free play. At 12 months (<i>n</i> = 69), infant attachment was assessed with the Strange Situation procedure. In infants who were later classified as having secure attachment, the Nc ERP component indexing attention allocation was larger to maternal happy than angry expressions, whereas no difference in Nc amplitudes to maternal facial expressions was observed in infants with later insecure attachment. We speculate that this may indicate greater approach motivation triggered by the reward value of happy faces in securely attached infants through repeated experiences of positive interaction with the caregiver.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Studies have indicated that different patterns of infant-caregiver attachment are associated with infants’ processing of emotion expressions.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We investigated whether infants’ attachment security is related to attentional and neural responses to their mother's facial expressions.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Infants with secure attachment displayed larger attention-related brain responses to their mother's happy than angry faces, no difference was found in insecurely attached infants.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>This may indicate greater reward value associated with happy faces in securely attached infants through repeated experiences of positive interaction with the caregiver.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/desc.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}