European Journal of Social Psychology最新文献_第4页

Information Regarding Shared Genes Between Humans Improves Attitudes Towards World Members

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3111

Kangning Du, John A. Hunter, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Damian Scarf, Hitaua Arahanga-Doyle, Ted Ruffman

{"title":"Information Regarding Shared Genes Between Humans Improves Attitudes Towards World Members","authors":"Kangning Du, John A. Hunter, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Damian Scarf, Hitaua Arahanga-Doyle, Ted Ruffman","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.3111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Laypeople reason that different races share 68% of their genes. In fact, the Human Genome Project indicates that humans, regardless of race, share 99.9% of our genetic material and that only 1/200th of 1% has been used to group people into the five classically conceived races. We reasoned that information about shared genetics might compel participants to extend their ingroup to include those formerly in the outgroup. In three studies, we showed participants an 11-min video with this information and compared this to a music video. In Study 1, we examined 123 European New Zealanders and found that attitudes towards individuals in other countries (measured by questions such as How much do you believe in being loyal to all mankind?) improved significantly from pre- to post-test compared to a music video detailing the effect of music on a child's brain. In Study 2, we replicated this effect with a group of 93 European participants in the United Kingdom. In Study 3, we replicated this effect again with a group of 150 participants from the United Kingdom and showed that the effect is independent of age, political orientation, need for cognitive control and submissiveness.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"55 1","pages":"70-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the Impact of Social and Perceptual Encoding Strategies on the Cross-Race Recognition Deficit

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3115

Joana Quarenta, Tomás A. Palma, Joshua Correll, Ana Sofia Santos, Balbir Singh

{"title":"Examining the Impact of Social and Perceptual Encoding Strategies on the Cross-Race Recognition Deficit","authors":"Joana Quarenta, Tomás A. Palma, Joshua Correll, Ana Sofia Santos, Balbir Singh","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.3115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 The cross-race recognition deficit (CRD) involves poorer recognition of faces perceived as cross-race compared to faces perceived as the same race. In this literature, research has examined social and perceptual encoding in the CRD separately. Recent research comparing these strategies shows that encoding faces based on social information (personality traits) enhances face recognition relative to encoding faces based on perceptual information (facial features), with a similar effect for both same-race and cross-race faces. Expanding on this research, we conducted three experiments (one pre-registered), manipulating the perception of face race within participants and using different social and perceptual encoding questions to examine their impacts on the CRD. Results showed that social encoding equally facilitated the recognition of faces perceived as same-race and cross-race replicating previous research (Experiment 1). However, perceptual encoding divergently impacted face recognition, improving cross-race but disrupting same-race (Experiment 2) or having comparable effects to standard encoding (Experiment 3). We discuss these findings and their implications for existing CRD theories.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"55 1","pages":"37-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Your Face Says: How Signals of Communion and Agency Inform First Impressions and Behavioural Intentions

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3117

Antonio Aquino, Lara Fontanella, Mirella Walker, Geoffrey Haddock, Francesca Romana Alparone

{"title":"What Your Face Says: How Signals of Communion and Agency Inform First Impressions and Behavioural Intentions","authors":"Antonio Aquino, Lara Fontanella, Mirella Walker, Geoffrey Haddock, Francesca Romana Alparone","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.3117","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies investigated how facial signals of communion and agency intersect to shape first impressions. Study 1 primarily investigated how enhancing or reducing facial signals of communion or agency affected impressions of these dimensions. Results demonstrated that the manipulation of facial signals of communion affected impressions of both communion and agency, whereas the manipulation of facial signals of agency affected only impressions of agency. Secondly, data from Study 1 were used to categorize the Basel Face Database stimuli into the four cells of the stereotype content model (SCM). Study 2 investigated how combined facial signals of communion and agency impact individuals’ evaluations, emotions and behavioural intentions towards targets. Results showed that communion signals in faces have a stronger impact on overall evaluations and behavioural intentions compared to agency signals. Furthermore, in line with the SCM, specific combinations of communion and agency evoked distinct emotions: admiration (high communion–high agency), pity (high communion–low agency) and contempt (low communion–low agency). Together, the research emphasizes the primary role of communion in social perception, highlighting theoretical and practical implications.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"55 1","pages":"54-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Romantic Relationships as a Source of Significance

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3112

Federico Contu, Arie W. Kruglanski, Molly Ellenberg, Huixian Yu, Edward P. Lemay Jr., Antonio Pierro

引用次数: 0

Beyond Being Beneficiaries: Two Mechanisms Explain Why Women Have More Favourable Attitudes Towards Gender Quotas Than Men

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3113

Miriam K. Zehnter, Christa Nater

{"title":"Beyond Being Beneficiaries: Two Mechanisms Explain Why Women Have More Favourable Attitudes Towards Gender Quotas Than Men","authors":"Miriam K. Zehnter, Christa Nater","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.3113","url":null,"abstract":"This research identified two mechanisms that explain gender differences in attitudes towards gender quotas. Using a multi-method approach, we assessed attitudes as self-reported support for gender quotas and rater-coded valence of participants’ free associations with gender quotas. Study 1 examined quotas for university professorship positions (N = 237) and Study 2 quotas for corporate leadership positions (N = 587). Supporting the first mechanism, women's greater perceptions of discrimination against women related to greater perceived necessity of gender quotas, which related to more favourable attitudes. Supporting the second mechanism, men's greater concerns that quotas discriminate against men related to greater concerns that quotas stigmatize women as incompetent, which related to less favourable attitudes. By advancing the understanding of key mechanisms behind attitudes towards gender quotas, this research contributes to effectively designing and successfully implementing hard affirmative action policies aimed at overcoming women's underrepresentation in leading academic and corporate positions.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding prosocial and antisocial behaviours: The roles of self-focused and other-focused motivational orientations 理解亲社会和反社会行为：自我关注和他人关注动机取向的作用

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3110

Keven Joyal-Desmarais, Hyun Euh, Alexandra Scharmer, Mark Snyder

{"title":"Understanding prosocial and antisocial behaviours: The roles of self-focused and other-focused motivational orientations","authors":"Keven Joyal-Desmarais, Hyun Euh, Alexandra Scharmer, Mark Snyder","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.3110","url":null,"abstract":"We examine how individual differences in self-focused and other-focused orientations relate to prosocial (e.g., helping, volunteerism) and antisocial (e.g., theft, violence) behaviours/attitudes. Using four datasets (total N = 176,216; across 78 countries), we find that other-focused orientations (e.g., socially focused values, intimacy motivation, compassionate/communal traits) generally relate positively to prosocial outcomes and negatively to antisocial outcomes. These effects are highly consistent cross-nationally and across multiple ways of operationalizing constructs. In contrast, self-focused orientations (e.g., personally focused values, power motivation, assertive/agentic traits) tend to relate positively to both antisocial and prosocial outcomes. However, associations with prosocial outcomes vary substantially across nations and construct operationalizations. Overall, the effects of other-focused orientations are consistently larger than those of self-focused orientations. We discuss the implications of these findings for interventions that target self-focused and other-focused motivations to influence prosocial and antisocial outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1610-1643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘(N)One of us but all of them!’ Ingroup favouritism on individual and group levels in the context of deviant behaviour 我们中的一员，却是他们中的全部！"（"我们中的一员，却是他们中的全部！"）。偏差行为背景下个人和群体层面的群体偏袒

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3103

Zahra Khosrowtaj, Sarah Teige-Mocigemba, Vincent Yzerbyt

{"title":"‘(N)One of us but all of them!’ Ingroup favouritism on individual and group levels in the context of deviant behaviour","authors":"Zahra Khosrowtaj, Sarah Teige-Mocigemba, Vincent Yzerbyt","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3103","url":null,"abstract":"Past research hints both at more extreme judgements of ingroup deviants and at attributional biases in the case of Muslims, immigrants and refugees. We examined two recently observed patterns in the context of intergroup violence: harsher judgements on the individual level (black sheep effect) and milder judgements on the cultural level when a perpetrator stems from the ingroup. We further investigated whether these patterns were affected by (a) the outgroup being salient (Experiment 1), (b) the comparison context (Experiments 2–3) and (c) participants perceiving the ingroup as high versus low in entitativity (Experiment 3). Experiments 1 (N = 437), 2 (N = 283) and 3 (N = 703) revealed the presence of robust effects on cultural level with participants treating the ingroup culture more leniently than the outgroup culture. Moreover, on the individual level, Experiments 2 and 3 found an overall black sheep effect that was especially prevalent in an intergroup context. Outgroup salience and ingroup entitativity did not affect participants’ judgements on individual and cultural levels. This protection of the ingroup both on an individual and on a cultural level may hint at a derogation of the outgroup. We discuss implications and insights for future research.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1593-1609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Never again: Lessons of genocide in survivor testimonies from the Holocaust, Nanjing massacre and Rwandan genocide 永不重演：大屠杀、南京大屠杀和卢旺达种族灭绝幸存者证词中的种族灭绝教训

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3108

Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Trina Konushevci, Amer Macedonci, Hyomin Lee

{"title":"Never again: Lessons of genocide in survivor testimonies from the Holocaust, Nanjing massacre and Rwandan genocide","authors":"Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Trina Konushevci, Amer Macedonci, Hyomin Lee","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3108","url":null,"abstract":"In the aftermath of traumatic events, individuals and groups seek to make sense of these experiences. ‘Never again’ is often considered the primary lesson of genocide. Yet, people may understand this lesson in different ways, and other lessons may also be relevant. The present paper reports a qualitative content analysis of publicly available testimonies from survivors of the Holocaust, the Rwandan Genocide and the Nanjing Massacre (N = 200), examining the lessons of genocide that these survivors shared publicly. We identified six broad categories of lessons that were represented across contexts and extended the lessons commonly considered: Lessons on the individual and interpersonal level, on the ingroup level, the (inclusive) intergroup level, the universal level, and concerning both collective memories and the future. These lessons go beyond ‘never again’ and show different individual and societal obligations and insights that survivors sharing their testimony deem most important to learn from their experience of genocide.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1577-1592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age of the examiner and older people's memory performances: A test of the stereotype threat theory using variations on negative age stereotypes across 18 European countries 考官年龄与老年人的记忆表现：利用 18 个欧洲国家的负面年龄刻板印象的变化检验刻板印象威胁理论

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3107

Neele H. Heiser, Olivier Desrichard

{"title":"Age of the examiner and older people's memory performances: A test of the stereotype threat theory using variations on negative age stereotypes across 18 European countries","authors":"Neele H. Heiser, Olivier Desrichard","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3107","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3107","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated whether the age of examiner effect, that is, the positive relation between cognitive performance of older people and age of their examiner, relies on stereotype threat. Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), European Social Survey, European Statistical Office (Eurostat) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe were crossed. Older people from different countries were tested on verbal short- and long-term recall components of memory, by examiners of different ages. Country-specific indicators of negative age stereotypes, related to the stereotype threat mechanism, were used. We expected that the age of examiner effect would be stronger in countries with more negative age stereotypes. The results replicated the age of examiner effect, but contrary to our hypothesis, this effect was not moderated by countries’ indicators of negative age stereotypes. Negative age stereotypes across countries, such as experienced discrimination among older people, lack of active ageing index, unemployment ratio and perceived negative competence of older people decrease memory. The results are discussed in relation to stereotype threat theory.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1558-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do women only apply when they are 100% qualified, whereas men already apply when they are 60% qualified? 女性是否只有在 100% 合格时才申请，而男性在 60% 合格时就已经申请了？

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3109

Mona Salwender, Dagmar Stahlberg

{"title":"Do women only apply when they are 100% qualified, whereas men already apply when they are 60% qualified?","authors":"Mona Salwender, Dagmar Stahlberg","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3109","url":null,"abstract":"We tested the popular claim that women only apply for jobs when they are 100% qualified, whereas men apply already with as little as a 60% qualification fit. In Study 1, we presented a job advertisement and a CV with different levels of qualification fit. Participants were asked to imagine that the presented CV was their own and to indicate whether they would apply for the advertised job. No gender difference emerged in participants’ application intentions, neither at 60% nor at 100% qualification fit. To enhance personal involvement, in Studies 2–4 we presented a job advertisement and asked participants to indicate whether they themselves would apply for the advertised job. Afterwards, participants indicated for every qualification criterion listed in the job advertisement whether they fulfilled it or not. We found a significant, but not robust gender difference in the predicted direction in the relationship between application intention and qualification fit. In addition, when asking how much women and men wanted to be prepared in application situations, women robustly indicated a higher desire for preparedness than men. Overall, our results indicate that for women psychological hurdles (i.e., desire for preparedness, fears and other gender-relevant indicators assessed) are higher in application situations than for men. However, these do not seem to translate reliably into differential application intentions in the experimental paradigms used in our studies. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1545-1557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0