International Journal of Drug Policy最新文献

{"title":"Transitions to legal cannabis markets: Legal market capture of cannabis expenditures in Canada following federal cannabis legalization","authors":"David Hammond ,&nbsp;Daniel Hong ,&nbsp;Samantha Rundle ,&nbsp;Maryam Iraniparast ,&nbsp;Beau Kilmer ,&nbsp;Elle Wadsworth","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Canada legalized ‘recreational’ or ‘non-medical’ cannabis in 2018 with a primary objective of displacing illicit cannabis and transitioning consumers to a ‘quality controlled’ legal retail market. To date, there is limited research on legal market capture in jurisdictions with non-medical cannabis markets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The current analysis used ‘demand-side’ methods to estimate the size of the Canadian cannabis market using data from two sources. First, data from the Canadian Community Health Survey were used to estimate the number of Canadians who use cannabis. Second, data on cannabis expenditures from legal versus illegal sources were analyzed from 5656 past 12-month consumers aged 16–100 who completed national surveys conducted in 2022 as part of the International Cannabis Policy Study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Total estimated expenditures from legal sources were within two percentage points of the ‘actual’ retail sales data from Government of Canada’s tracking system. In the 12-month period ending in September 2022, total cannabis expenditures in Canada were estimated at $6.72 billion dollars, including $5.23 billion from legal sources and $1.49 billion from illegal sources for an estimated legal market capture of 78 %. In 2022, dried flower accounted for 55 % of total legal expenditures and an additional 2 % was spent on plants and seeds. Concentrates accounted for 12 % of legal expenditures, followed by oral liquids (11 %), vaping liquids (10 %), and edibles (8 %, excluding drinks).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings provide evidence of substantial transition in expenditures from the illegal to the legal market in the five years since legalization of non-medical cannabis in Canada.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 104828"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Describing the evolution of three features of China’s drug policy: Regulation, crime and punishment, and rehabilitation","authors":"Yixuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jianhong Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In view of evolving problematic drug use patterns and shifts in social governance, China’s drug control efforts have undergone significant changes over the past few decades. The aim of this paper is to describe the evolution of three features of China’s drug policy. First, although still operating within a reactive framework, the legislative basis for drug control is progressively improving and exhibits shifts towards greater precision and responsiveness, especially with reference to New Psychoactive Substances. Second, the scope of drug crimes under criminal law has broadened, accompanied by a trend toward harsher sentencing. This trend signifies the punitive and deterrent objectives in addressing drug crimes. Third, despite notable improvements, the current rehabilitation system remains focused on containment and control, with punitive undertones. These features exhibit a high degree of overlap and are shaped by shared underlying logics. While these transformations have been influenced by historical, political and international circumstances and environments, the principle of prohibition remains deeply rooted in the policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104827"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of intervention strategies aimed at chemsex users","authors":"Daniel Íncera-Fernández ,&nbsp;Andrés R. Riquelme ,&nbsp;Alejandro Sánchez-Ocaña ,&nbsp;Francisco Montesinos ,&nbsp;Manuel Gámez-Guadix","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Interventions on chemsex, namely, the intentional use of specific drugs to enhance or intensify sexual experiences by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, are diverse. Despite evidence of their impact on physical, mental, and sexual health, there is no clear agreement on the best intervention strategies and approaches. In this review, we aimed to analyze and synthesize existing research on interventions addressing chemsex among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, as well as transgender and non-binary people.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic search of the electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SciELO for articles published between April and May 2024. In total, 272 articles were identified, of which 12 were reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite the limited evidence and heterogeneity of the findings, the results suggested that the available interventions can improve various factors associated with sexual, mental, and physical health.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review provides a better understanding of the interventions aimed at addressing chemsex. However, the paucity of available treatments underscores the need to implement evidence-based intervention programs aimed at improving the health of people involved in chemsex beyond mere screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104795"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the need for overdose prevention centers in England: A qualitative community-based participatory study on the perspectives of people who use drugs in public and semi-public environments","authors":"Benjamin D. Scher ,&nbsp;Mat Southwell ,&nbsp;Magdalena Harris ,&nbsp;Alex Stevens ,&nbsp;Benjamin W. Chrisinger ,&nbsp;David K. Humphreys ,&nbsp;Gillian W. Shorter","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Overdose prevention centres (OPCs) have been implemented as a harm reduction response in around 20 countries; with one just opened in the UK. In a context of rising rates of drug-related deaths, this study aimed to assess the need for an OPC in Sandwell, England, by examining the experiences and perspectives of local people who use drugs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Qualitative data were collected through three focus groups, 20 street-based interviews with people who use drugs, and observations from four ethnographic field sessions. This was a community-based participatory project and included community consultation during study design and peer researcher participation during data collection, analysis and dissemination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings evidence how the threat of public and police interaction in semi-public drug use spaces leads to rushed injection practice, hampers poor venous access management, and increases risk of injection-related harms. Participants were enthusiastic about the concept of an OPC and its potential to reduce injecting-related risks, drug-related death, provide safety, and prevent traumatic experiences with police. Participants also highlighted concerns about negative public perceptions of their community, viewing an OPC as a potential solution to improving community relations by reducing drug-related litter.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is an urgent need for OPC implementation, given current risks from rushed injection practices, the lack of safe spaces, and the increasing presence of nitazenes and other unexpected contaminants in the UK drug supply. The assertion from local people who drugs that an OPC would be an appropriate and effective intervention requires prioritisation by policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104816"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Help-seeking among pregnant and parenting women who use drugs: Mitigating stigma through relationships","authors":"Emily Nichol ,&nbsp;Bernie Pauly ,&nbsp;Karen Milligan ,&nbsp;Karen Urbanoski","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pregnant and parenting women who use drugs experience high rates of stigma when navigating the health care system, due to the gendered impacts of punitive drug policies and assumptions that conflate substance use with an inability to parent. There is a lack of research examining how stigma uniquely impacts pregnant and parenting women who use drugs, particularly with regards to self-efficacy and motivations to access health and social services, and other personal experiences of help-seeking processes. This study explores how stigma is internalized, anticipated, and embodied in the context of help-seeking, among pregnant and parenting women who use drugs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted from October 2020-February 2021 with current and past clients of integrated treatment programs in Ontario, designed for women who are pregnant and parenting young children (n = 24). Participants were asked to reflect upon their service experiences prior to COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Applying an interpretive description approach, the following themes emerged: (1) stigma and avoidance of help-seeking (2) stigma at the structural level: barriers to care and (3) mitigating stigma to enhance help-seeking: facilitating recovery through relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Expressions of judgement have negative impacts on self-esteem and can foster internalized stigma, while disclosure of substance use in motherhood can threaten to damage interpersonal relationships. At the same time, supportive relationships can buffer against stigma-related harms. Service invisibility and implicit bias within the medical community further deter help-seeking, with negative past experiences compounding mistrust of the system. To promote conditions that are supportive of help-seeking and healthy outcomes for this population, compassion and empathy are critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104818"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From rejection to recognition: Human rights, morality, and the future of Marijuana policy in Indonesia","authors":"Aga Natalis ,&nbsp;Adventi Ferawati Sembiring ,&nbsp;Emy Handayani","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Historical evidence suggests that cannabis has been integrated into Indonesian cultural practices since the 14th century, particularly in Aceh, where it was used for medicinal, ceremonial, and agricultural purposes. Over time, public perception of cannabis has shifted significantly—from acceptance to prohibition. The cases of Fidelis Ari Sudarwoto and Santi Warastuti have reignited national discourse on the legalization of medical cannabis as a means of alleviating human suffering. This essay explores the moral and human rights dimensions of Indonesia’s cannabis policy and proposes an alternative moral framework. The transformation of societal attitudes toward cannabis is influenced by increasingly restrictive legal structures rooted in the colonial era, alongside the role of religious values in shaping policy decisions. The Constitutional Court’s rulings—specifically decisions No 106/PUU-XVIII/2020 and No 13/PUU-XXII/2024—highlight the complex interplay between legal regulations, cultural practices, and ethical considerations. A reformative approach grounded in human rights, legal ethics, and scientific evidence is crucial for an objective assessment of the potential social benefits of cannabis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to accessing medications for opioid use disorder among rural individuals","authors":"Anna M. Morenz ,&nbsp;Robin M. Nance ,&nbsp;L. Sarah Mixson ,&nbsp;Judith Feinberg ,&nbsp;Gordon Smith ,&nbsp;P. Todd Korthuis ,&nbsp;Mai T. Pho ,&nbsp;Wiley D. Jenkins ,&nbsp;Peter D Friedmann ,&nbsp;Thomas J. Stopka ,&nbsp;Laura C. Fanucchi ,&nbsp;William C. Miller ,&nbsp;Vivian F. Go ,&nbsp;Ryan Westergaard ,&nbsp;David W. Seal ,&nbsp;William A. Zule ,&nbsp;Heidi M. Crane ,&nbsp;Joseph A. Delaney ,&nbsp;Judith I. Tsui","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals with opioid use disorder living in rural areas face barriers to accessing medications for treatment (MOUD), including finding prescribing clinicians and difficulties with transportation. This study sought to describe self-reported barriers to MOUD access in rural areas and associations between desired MOUD type and barriers encountered or perceived.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a cross-sectional study of Rural Opioid Initiative participants who ever used opioids and sought MOUD treatment, who were surveyed from 2018 to 2020 about access to MOUD. Multivariable logistic regressions explored the association between MOUD type and barriers while controlling for age, gender, race, and study site.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 2906 participants who used opioids and sought MOUD, 826 (28.4 %) were unable to access MOUD. In logistic regression models, lack of transportation was a more common barrier for those seeking methadone versus sublingual buprenorphine (adjusted odds radio [aOR] 1.87, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.24–2.81). A long wait list was more common for those seeking injectable naltrexone than sublingual buprenorphine (aOR 1.68, 95 % CI 1.05–2.69). Lack of doctors or programs and affordability were more common for those seeking injectable versus sublingual buprenorphine (aOR 7.84, 95 % CI 4.87–12.63 and aOR 1.89, 95 % CI 1.26–2.83, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Access barriers vary by MOUD type for rural individuals with OUD. Compared to sublingual buprenorphine, methadone access was hindered more by transportation difficulties, while injectable long-acting buprenorphine was hindered more by affordability and finding a doctor or program. These barriers highlight the need to de-regulate and expand locations for methadone access and prescribing, and to improve affordability and prescriber uptake of newer MOUDs, such as injectable buprenorphine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104805"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating drug trends among people who inject drugs: Temporal, geographical and operational analyses of used syringes in Sydney, Australia","authors":"H. Fursman ,&nbsp;J.A. Brown ,&nbsp;R. Riseley ,&nbsp;E. Silins ,&nbsp;M. Bartlett ,&nbsp;J. Latimer ,&nbsp;S. Chadwick ,&nbsp;C. Roux ,&nbsp;M. Morelato","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Understanding drug use among people who inject drugs (PWID) is frequently based on self-reported data. Whilst insightful, it can be subjective and provides limited information on the drug composition. The chemical analysis of the residual drug content in used syringes has been shown to complement self-reported information. Chemical analysis can confirm the main drug injected and detect other components, such as adulterants. Drug use is dynamic; hence temporal, geographical and operational analyses might provide greater insight into market behaviours and the consumption trends of PWID.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to examine the residual drug content of used syringes over time and space to observe trends in injecting drug use. Operational sampling was also investigated as a tool to characterise emerging health crises through targeted implementations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Used syringes (<em>n</em> = 2148) were collected through multiple periods (2022 – 2024) across different locations in metropolitan and Western Sydney, including the Uniting Medically Supervised Injecting Centre (MSIC). The residual drug content was extracted from the used syringes before detection via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The syringes collected from MSIC were compared to the drugs self-reported by MSIC clients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Within all samples, heroin and methamphetamine were the most frequently injected drugs, followed by pharmaceutical opioids. Temporal drug trends remained relatively static, whereas distinct sub-populations of PWID emerged from geographical analyses. Polydrug and adulterant analysis identified the presence of a diverse range of drugs within syringes, including some drugs of concern, such as fentanyl within heroin syringes. Operational sampling identified protonitazene as the likely cause of an emerging overdose cluster.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>This research aligns well with Australia's harm minimisation approach to drugs and has broader implications for harm minimisation globally. It holds great potential for harm reduction at an individual level for PWID by providing insights into the current drug market. Targeted applications of syringe analysis may be the only tool to gather information on drug use among PWID when traditional data sources are unavailable. Hence, broader implementations at the national level might capture unique insights into injecting drug consumption trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The War on Drugs is a war on women: Louisiana's Abortion Law","authors":"Maryanne Alderson Diaz,&nbsp;Dina Perrone","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This commentary explores the criminalization of abortion in Louisiana by arguing that it mirrors the punitive policies of the War on Drugs. We critically analyze the reclassification of abortion-inducing drugs like Mifepristone and Misoprostol as controlled substances to demonstrate how these laws disproportionately impact women, particularly those who are poor and Black and Brown. Drawing on parallels to the racial caste system perpetuated by the War on Drugs, we argue that these policies are less about public health and more about social control, with severe implications for reproductive autonomy and justice. By linking the scheduling of Mifepristone and Misoprostol to the War on Drugs, we show how abortion criminalization and abortion medication criminalization extend the arm of the American legal system to police and punish Black and Brown bodies and communities. We conclude by calling for a reevaluation of these legal frameworks to prevent further marginalization and harm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104804"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“It's not just running the test”: Operator experiences of implementing a decentralised hepatitis C point-of-care testing program in Australia","authors":"Grace K. Burton-McKeich ,&nbsp;Lise Lafferty ,&nbsp;Carla Treloar ,&nbsp;Corey Markus ,&nbsp;Susan Matthews ,&nbsp;Tanya L. Applegate ,&nbsp;Louise Causer ,&nbsp;Jason Grebely ,&nbsp;Alison D. Marshall","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The decentralisation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) point-of-care testing is a core part of Australia's strategy to meet WHO elimination targets. However, little is known about the experiences of providers implementing these interventions and thus what is needed to improve integration. The study aim was to understand operator experiences, including the challenges and enablers, of implementing point-of-care testing as part of a National Point-of-Care Testing Program.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Providers who were enrolled in the National Program and qualified to perform point-of-care testing were invited to participate in semi-structured qualitative interviews between April and August 2023. Data were analysed according to iterative categorisation and themes were organised according to Service delivery, Resources, and Governance—elements of the Health Systems Dynamics Framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 31 participants, most were from New South Wales (<em>n</em> = 17), were practicing clinicians (<em>n</em> = 18), worked in outpatient or community health clinics (<em>n</em> = 21), and had no previous experience using a molecular point-of-care testing device (<em>n</em> = 24). Many participants struggled to deliver HCV testing and treatment according to national HCV management guidelines. Some participants avoided using the point-of-care testing device altogether. Others found it challenging to manage the administrative load of delivering the National Program, including planning outreach and following-up clients. These challenges were exacerbated by workforce shortages, difficult-to-navigate IT systems, and a lack of specific implementation advice from Program leadership.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study illustrates several challenges to and enablers of adopting a decentralised HCV point-of-care testing program, highlighting the need to further explore what providers require to effectively implement these interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}