From rejection to recognition: Human rights, morality, and the future of Marijuana policy in Indonesia

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI:10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104817

Aga Natalis , Adventi Ferawati Sembiring , Emy Handayani

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Abstract

Historical evidence suggests that cannabis has been integrated into Indonesian cultural practices since the 14th century, particularly in Aceh, where it was used for medicinal, ceremonial, and agricultural purposes. Over time, public perception of cannabis has shifted significantly—from acceptance to prohibition. The cases of Fidelis Ari Sudarwoto and Santi Warastuti have reignited national discourse on the legalization of medical cannabis as a means of alleviating human suffering. This essay explores the moral and human rights dimensions of Indonesia’s cannabis policy and proposes an alternative moral framework. The transformation of societal attitudes toward cannabis is influenced by increasingly restrictive legal structures rooted in the colonial era, alongside the role of religious values in shaping policy decisions. The Constitutional Court’s rulings—specifically decisions No 106/PUU-XVIII/2020 and No 13/PUU-XXII/2024—highlight the complex interplay between legal regulations, cultural practices, and ethical considerations. A reformative approach grounded in human rights, legal ethics, and scientific evidence is crucial for an objective assessment of the potential social benefits of cannabis.

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从拒绝到承认：印尼大麻政策的人权、道德与未来

历史证据表明，自14世纪以来，大麻已被纳入印度尼西亚的文化习俗，特别是在亚齐，大麻被用于医药、仪式和农业目的。随着时间的推移，公众对大麻的看法发生了重大变化——从接受到禁止。菲德利斯·阿里·苏达沃托和桑蒂·瓦拉斯图蒂的案件重新激起了全国关于将医用大麻合法化作为减轻人类痛苦手段的讨论。本文探讨了印尼大麻政策的道德和人权层面，并提出了另一种道德框架。社会对大麻态度的转变受到植根于殖民时代的日益严格的法律结构的影响，同时也受到宗教价值观在形成政策决定方面的作用的影响。宪法法院的裁决，特别是第106/PUU-XVIII/2020号和第13/PUU-XXII/2024号决定，突出了法律法规、文化习俗和道德考虑之间复杂的相互作用。以人权、法律伦理和科学证据为基础的改革方针对于客观评估大麻的潜在社会效益至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Drug Policy SUBSTANCE ABUSE-

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

11.40%

发文量

307

审稿时长

62 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Drug Policy provides a forum for the dissemination of current research, reviews, debate, and critical analysis on drug use and drug policy in a global context. It seeks to publish material on the social, political, legal, and health contexts of psychoactive substance use, both licit and illicit. The journal is particularly concerned to explore the effects of drug policy and practice on drug-using behaviour and its health and social consequences. It is the policy of the journal to represent a wide range of material on drug-related matters from around the world.