International Journal of Drug Policy最新文献

{"title":"Older age at smoking initiation predicts successful cessation in adults who smoke: A prospective study","authors":"Sheng Zhi Zhao ,&nbsp;Sik Kwan Chan ,&nbsp;Tzu Tsun Luk ,&nbsp;Henry Sau Chai Tong ,&nbsp;Vienna Wai Yin Lai ,&nbsp;Tai Hing Lam ,&nbsp;Derek Yee Tak Cheung ,&nbsp;Man Ping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We investigated the association between age at smoking initiation (ASI) and cigarette consumption, nicotine dependence, and smoking abstinence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were drawn from 11 community-based, pragmatic randomized controlled trials nested within Hong Kong's annual ‘Quit to Win’ Contest, conducted from 2010 to 2021. Participants (<em>n</em> = 11,948) were people aged ≥ 18 years who smoked cigarettes daily. ASI was measured at baseline. Biochemically-validated and self-reported 7-day point-prevalence abstinence was assessed 6 months from baseline. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions estimated odds ratios of heavy cigarette consumption (cigarettes per day &gt; 30), high nicotine dependence (Heaviness of Smoking Index &gt; 4), and smoking abstinence for ASI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of participants, 19.7 % were female, 54.8 % aged ≥ 40 years, and 87.3 % had secondary or higher education. Being female and higher educated was associated with later smoking initiation (all <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). As ASI increased from ≤ 14 to ≥ 23 years, the proportion of heavy cigarette consumption (6.2 % to 3.0 %, <em>OR</em> 0.87; 95 % CI 0.83–0.90) and high nicotine dependence (11.3 % to 5.3 %, <em>OR</em> 0.87; 95 % CI 0.83–0.90) reduced, while 6-month validated (4.7 % to 8.2 %, <em>OR</em> 1.05; 95 % CI 1.02–1.07) and self-reported abstinence (10.8 % to 18.1 %, <em>OR</em> 1.05; 95 % CI 1.03–1.05) increased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Older age at smoking initiation was associated with lower cigarette consumption and higher nicotine dependence and predicted higher validated and self-reported abstinence. Implementing more stringent measures to prevent or delay smoking initiation could reduce tobacco use and improve cessation outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 104742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of exposure to the temporary abstinence campaign ‘Tournée Minérale’ with alcohol consumption among male and female participants: The mediating role of psychosocial determinants","authors":"Annelies Thienpondt ,&nbsp;Benedicte Deforche ,&nbsp;Joris Van Damme ,&nbsp;Gera E. Nagelhout ,&nbsp;Jelle Van Cauwenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>Temporary Abstinence Campaigns [TAC] are an effective strategy to reduce alcohol consumption. However, it remains unclear whether the degree of exposure to TAC components is associated with changes in alcohol consumption among TAC participants and whether these are mediated through psychosocial determinants of alcohol consumption. Sex disparities in these associations should also be considered. This study aimed to examine the association of exposure to ‘Tournée Minérale’ (Belgian TAC) with alcohol consumption among male and female participants, as well as the mediating role of psychosocial determinants of alcohol consumption in this association</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Belgian adults participating in the campaign of 2017 were asked to complete three questionnaires before, six weeks after the start (post) and six months (follow-up) after the campaign. Mediation analyses were conducted for males and females separately who completed all three questionnaires (<em>n</em> = 8,730). The analyses were based on 5000 bootstraps with exposure to campaign materials (independent variable), psychosocial determinants of alcohol consumption at post (mediator, performed separately for each of the ten determinants), and weekly alcohol consumption at follow-up (outcome variable).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Male participants were less exposed to campaign materials compared to female participants. For males, a one-unit higher level of exposure to TMC materials was associated with a 4 % lower alcohol consumption at follow-up, but no mediation through psychosocial determinants was observed. For females, no significant association between exposure to TMC materials and alcohol consumption was found, but there were (small) significant mediating associations through habit of drinking alcohol and subjective norm to drink more.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Exposure to campaign materials was found to play a minimal role in reducing alcohol consumption among TMC participants, and only in males. This relationship could not be explained by changes in psychosocial determinants of alcohol consumption targeted with the campaign materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 104717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and effects of cannabis advertisements with appeal to youth in California","authors":"Alisa A. Padon ,&nbsp;Dara G. Ghahremani ,&nbsp;Bethany Simard ,&nbsp;Aurash J. Soroosh ,&nbsp;Lynn D. Silver","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>California boasts the largest regulated cannabis market in the world, but it is increasingly exposing youth to cannabis marketing, and the state's definition of content appealing to youth is vague. We aimed to identify the specific features of California cannabis ads that increase interest in cannabis use among adolescents to inform reasonably restrictive marketing policy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants consisted of 409 youth (age 16–20 years) susceptible to using cannabis in the future and living in California. Using an online experiment, participants were randomly assigned to view cannabis ads with and without features previously shown to be appealing to adolescents, followed by questions about attitudes toward the ad and their interest in using the advertised cannabis product or service. Multivariable regressions tested associations of content features with these outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Several features were significantly associated with increasing youth interest in cannabis use and attitudes toward the ad following ad exposure, including illustration, clear product descriptions, food or flavor references, depictions of positive sensations, adventure, psychoactive effects, and references to heavy consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>California cannabis ads contain features that appeal to youth and that are not restricted in California or other U.S. states with legal cannabis retail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 104718"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting fatal opioid-involved overdoses: A social-ecological framework matched to a linked-data warehouse","authors":"Ric Bayly ,&nbsp;Jack Cordes ,&nbsp;Dana Bernson ,&nbsp;Leland K. Ackerson ,&nbsp;Marc R. LaRochelle ,&nbsp;Ghada H. Hassan ,&nbsp;Cici X. Bauer ,&nbsp;Thomas J. Stopka","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>An estimated 60 million people used opioids non-medically worldwide in 2021. In 2019, opioid use disorder caused the loss of over 12.5 million healthy years of life due to disability and premature deaths, including those resulting from opioid-involved overdoses. Factors associated with opioid-involved overdoses are numerous, multi-layered, and interrelated. Using the social-ecological model as a foundation, we sought to comprehensively identify risk and preventive factors of fatal opioid-involved overdoses and operationalize them with quantifiable measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>With our Community Advisory Board, investigators’ expertise, and an examination of the literature, we created an expansive, opioid-overdose specific social-ecological model structured as a matrix, with demographic, behavioral, environmental, and service domains and individual, interpersonal, community, and society/policy levels of influence. Factors contributed by the advisory board included those from two freelisting instruments. We used the resultant freelists to calculate a salience index of factors as a reference for prioritization. We organized the compiled factors in the social-ecological model matrix according to their theorized distal-proximal relationship with fatal opioid-involved overdoses. We operationalized the social-ecological model factors by matching them against measures in the Massachusetts Public Health Data Warehouse, which includes 26 individually-linkable datasets and 19 community-level datasets drawn from 85 data components.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 224 factors potentially associated with fatal opioid-involved overdoses and organized them in the social-ecological model. Of these, 53 had matches to measures in the Public Health Data Warehouse. Of those factors identified by freelisting, salience indexing further identified 10 as most related to the risk of fatal opioid-involved overdose, including housing stability, increased risk substances such as fentanyl, xylazine, and polysubstances, and using alone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The opioid-overdose specific social-ecological model points to the need both for analysis that penetrates the complexities of the opioid crisis and for multi-faceted interventions. Further, the social-ecological model can provide a foundation for simulation models for prevention and intervention efforts. Our matrix-structured social-ecological model, salience index, and data matching table provide a holistic and relationship-oriented view of the factors associated with fatal opioid-involved overdose and will inform subsequent data analysis, model development, and opioid-involved overdose policy and prevention efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 104730"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing methadone in prison predicts linkage to HIV care after release from prison: A randomized and patient preference trial","authors":"Allison M. Mobley ,&nbsp;Martin P. Wegman ,&nbsp;Alexander R. Bazazi ,&nbsp;Sheela V. Shenoi ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Bromberg ,&nbsp;Ahsan Ahmad ,&nbsp;Adeeba Kamarulzaman ,&nbsp;Frederick L. Altice","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The transition from prison is hazardous, especially for people with HIV and opioid use disorder. To determine the impact of methadone on linkage to HIV care in people with HIV and opioid use disorder, we prospectively compared those allocated to pre-release methadone or not.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective, open-label trial of 310 people with HIV and opioid use disorder at Malaysia's largest prison were allocated to pre-release methadone up to 24 weeks before release or not by randomization (<em>n</em> = 64) or preference (<em>n</em> = 246); 296 were included in the final analytical sample. Directed acyclic graphing was used to theorize the relationship between pre-release methadone and post-release linkage to HIV care and identify confounding variables. An inverse probability weighted Cox proportional hazards model estimated the impact of pre-release methadone on linkage to HIV care through 360 days after release.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 218 (73.6 %) of 296 study participants initiated methadone before release. Receiving pre-release methadone significantly predicted linkage to HIV care at all time points through 360 days (aHR = 1.87; 95 % CI 1.15–2.85) after release. The corresponding numbers needed to treat with pre-release methadone for one increased linkage to HIV care at 30 and 360 days were 14 (95 % CI 9.2–62.4) and 5 (95 % CI 3.4–22.0), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While treatment with methadone should be available to everyone with opioid use disorder, it should especially be included as part of an HIV treatment-as-prevention strategy for people in prisons, especially by the time of release. It can optimize HIV treatment outcomes by jumpstarting the HIV treatment cascade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 104733"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-spatial inequalities in alcohol outlet availability: Evidence from register data in 15 urban areas in Québec, Canada","authors":"Stephanie Sersli ,&nbsp;José Arturo Jasso Chávez ,&nbsp;Sienna Longo ,&nbsp;Philippe Apparicio ,&nbsp;Martine Shareck","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alcohol spatial availability is linked with public health issues, with disadvantaged populations experiencing disproportionate harm. This study examined the association between alcohol spatial availability and area-level measures of disadvantage and sociodemographic characteristics in Québec, Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using 2021 liquor register and census data across 15 Québec urban areas. Measures included outlet counts within 800 m buffers and a spatial access index. Multilevel regression models assessed associations with composite measures of area-level disadvantage and single-item measures of area-level sociodemographic characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>On average, Québec areas exhibited higher offsite than onsite alcohol outlet availability. We found a J-shaped relationship between offsite alcohol availability and material disadvantage, with the most disadvantaged areas having 25 % more offsite outlets (95 % CI: 1.14–1.37) than the least disadvantaged. Conversely, onsite availability was 24 % lower (95 % CI: 0.67–0.87) in the most materially disadvantaged areas. Social disadvantage was associated with higher availability of both offsite and onsite outlets, with the highest socially disadvantaged areas having nearly 15 times as many onsite outlets (IRR 14.77, 95 % CI: 13.05–16.72) compared to the least disadvantaged. Higher population density and higher percentages of young adults, new immigrants, and recent movers were also associated with higher availability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Alcohol availability differed by outlet type and disadvantage dimension. Offsite outlets were more common in both highly and minimally materially disadvantaged areas, while onsite outlets were more common in minimally disadvantaged areas. Socially disadvantaged areas had higher availability of both types of outlets. These findings suggest the need for targeted policies to reduce alcohol outlet availability, particularly in socially disadvantaged areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 104732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telemedicine to improve access to medications for opioid use disorder in Illinois, 2022–2024","authors":"Kimberly Gressick ,&nbsp;Maria Fiorillo ,&nbsp;Sarah Richardson ,&nbsp;Maria Bruni ,&nbsp;Stacey Brenner ,&nbsp;Miao Hua ,&nbsp;Nik Prachand ,&nbsp;Nicole Gastala","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Globally, opioid use remains a major public health problem. In 2019, 480,000 deaths were related to opioid use. Locally, mortality from opioid-involved overdose is high among Illinois residents, with 83 % of ∼4000 overdose deaths during 2022 involving opioids. Treatment for opioid use disorder with buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone is approved, safe, and effective. However, significant barriers to treatment remain for many persons.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In response to new prescribing policy flexibilities, in May 2022, the Chicago Department of Public Health and the Substance Use Prevention and Recovery Division of the Illinois Department of Human Services partnered with a statewide opioid treatment provider, Family Guidance Centers. The partnership started an immediate opioid use disorder treatment helpline program. We performed a descriptive analysis using aggregate data from all calls for assistance with substance use received by the Illinois Helpline during May 9, 2022–March 7, 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 2649 unique calls were made to the helpline from persons seeking assistance with substance use, and 1698 unique callers were connected to Family Guidance Centers for treatment initiation. Most callers were prescribed buprenorphine by telemedicine, followed by methadone during in-person treatment. In total, 1515 (89.2 %) of 1698 callers with opioid use disorder were initiated on buprenorphine or methadone through the program.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A state-wide low-barrier access to medications by telemedicine program is an effective treatment model for the initiation of medications for opioid use disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 104729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical justifications for safe supply interventions","authors":"Travis N. Rieder","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The argument in favor of providing people who use drugs with a pure, regulated supply—an intervention often called “safe supply”—is very straightforward. North America is in the midst of a drug overdose crisis, driven largely by a toxic illicit drug supply. The solution practically presents itself, then: we could just give people access to pure, pharmaceutical-grade drugs, so they know what they're getting and can dose accurately. This idea that we need a “safe supply” is essentially harm reductionist: since people will use drugs, we should do what we can to reduce the secondary harms of that use. Although there is some risk inherent in taking drugs like opioids, those risks are massively increased by the toxic supply, and that's a risk we can mitigate. So we should.</div><div>Although the argument is clear and simple, it has not proved very successful in North America. The deep divide between advocates of safe supply (who see it as straightforwardly implied by plausible harm reduction commitments) and opponents of any form of harm reduction (who still adhere to a War on Drugs approach) has made it possible to avoid conducting a more nuanced ethical analysis of safe supply interventions. Thus, I want to suggest that we move past the most radical positions on the permissibility of safe supply, and instead evaluate the ethical issues that arise when we consider the concrete tradeoffs that arise with specific proposals. In particular, I will argue that a crucially important question for evaluating the ethics of a candidate safe supply intervention concerns the actual mechanism of supply, which determines how “low barrier” the intervention is.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 104721"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safer supply programs: Discussions on medication diversion, sharing, and selling","authors":"Marlene Haines ,&nbsp;Emily Hill ,&nbsp;Patrick O'Byrne","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nearly 50,000 people who use drugs have died as a result of the ongoing drug poisoning crisis in Canada. To directly address concerns surrounding this crisis, safer supply pilot programs were implemented in several communities across the country. Since program implementation, discussions surrounding medication diversion have proliferated. We conducted surveys and interviews with current program participants to better understand medication diversion within the context of safer supply programs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Safer supply program participants were recruited in Ottawa, Canada to complete semi-structured interviews and surveys. Surveys collected socio-demographic and substance use data. Survey results were reported using descriptive statistics. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>30 people participated in this study. From interviews, seven themes arose on the topic of diversion, including 1) diversion in the context of being a person who uses drugs, 2) safety, 3) compassion, 4) meeting needs, 5) survival, 6) coercion, and 7) protecting youth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Discussions with participants highlighted the importance of understanding why medication diversion occurs. Important factors influencing medication diversion included the need for safety, compassion, meeting needs, survival, and coercion faced by people who use drugs. Ultimately, medication diversion can be best understood as a measure implemented by people who use drugs to protect and care for their underserved community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 104731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the affordability of cigarettes associated with the prevalence of smoking and quitting at the regional level in Russia?","authors":"Liudmila Zasimova,&nbsp;Marina Kolosnitsyna","doi":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tobacco prices and income determine the affordability of cigarettes. Affordability in turn affects smoking prevalence. Both prices and incomes can vary widely across a large country. The aim of this paper is to find out whether there is an association between affordability of cigarettes and smoking/cessation prevalence across Russian regions. We assess the proportions of people who smoke and those who smoked and quit.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We use microdata from a repeated survey on the living conditions of the Russian population that is representative at the regional level (2014, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022, 77 regions). We aggregate the microdata by region and combine them with official macro data. Using descriptive and multivariable analyses, we identify factors that correlate with the prevalence of smoking and quitting in the regions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A one per cent increase in real prices was associated with a 0.1% decrease in the smoking prevalence rate and with a 0.2% increase in quitting prevalence rate. A 1% decrease in real income is associated with a 0.5% increase in the proportion of those who quit. The more cigarettes that can be purchased for a daily per capita income, the higher the smoking prevalence rate and the lower the proportion of quitting, with affordability elasticities of 0.1 and -0.27 respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Rising real prices, as well as reduced affordability of cigarettes not only reduce the proportion of people who smoke, but also increase the proportion of those who quit. In a country with a large geographical spread and high regional income inequality, tobacco taxes should be set at the regional level to eliminate significant differences in the affordability of cigarettes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48364,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Policy","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 104726"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}