{"title":"Sample selection in linear panel data models with heterogeneous coefficients","authors":"Alyssa Carlson, Riju Joshi","doi":"10.1002/jae.3022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We propose a parametric estimation procedure for linear panel data models with sample selection and heterogeneous coefficients that are present in both outcome model and selection model. Our two-step estimation procedure accounts for endogeneity from the selection process and endogeneity from correlation between the individual unobserved heterogeneity and the observed covariates using control function like methods. Conditional linear projections are used to establish a tractable approach that builds upon the original Heckman correction to sample selection. Monte Carlo simulations illustrate the finite sample properties of our estimator and demonstrate that our proposed estimator outperforms standard estimators. We apply the proposed approach to estimate gender differences in high-stakes time-constrained decisions using Elo ratings data from the World Chess Federation. When addressing both sources of endogeneity, we find a much larger gender skill gap and substantial differences across the genders in strategically selecting into time-constrained matches.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138679993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enzo D'Innocenzo, André Lucas, Anne Opschoor, Xingmin Zhang
{"title":"Heterogeneity and dynamics in network models","authors":"Enzo D'Innocenzo, André Lucas, Anne Opschoor, Xingmin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jae.3013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose an empirical spatial modeling framework that allows for both heterogeneity and dynamics in economic network connections. We establish the model's stationarity and ergodicity properties and show that the model's implied filter is invertible. While highly flexible, the model is straightforward to estimate by maximum likelihood. We apply the model to three datasets for Eurozone sovereign credit risk over the period Dec-2009 to Dec-2022. Accounting for both heterogeneity and time-variation turns out to be empirically important both in-sample and out-of-sample. The new model uncovers intuitive patterns that would go unnoticed in either homogeneous and/or static spatial financial network models.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138679747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identifying oil price shocks with global, developed, and emerging latent real economy activity factors","authors":"Antoine A. Djogbenou","doi":"10.1002/jae.3017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper proposes an identification strategy for international oil price shocks while accounting for the heterogeneous sources of oil demand from global, developed, and emerging economies. Unlike existing works, we isolate global oil demand shocks, associated with a global real economic activity factor, from oil demand shocks originating specifically from developed and emerging economies, associated with real economic activity factors within these two groups of economies. The paper uses a structural factor-augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR) model with latent global and specific factors to model crude oil demand and supply. To identify the shocks, we extract real economic activity factors from a large panel of emerging and developed economies' real activity variables using a two-level factor model. The paper shows how structural shocks can be identified by solving equations that arise from economically meaningful zero restrictions on the impact matrix of the reduced-form FAVAR model innovations. The empirical application shows that identifying the international oil demand shocks based on the global and specific latent factors is essential to appropriately quantify their heterogeneous impacts on these factors, the crude oil production, and the real oil price.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138547765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Partial identification and inference for conditional distributions of treatment effects","authors":"Sungwon Lee","doi":"10.1002/jae.3014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper considers identification and inference for the distribution of treatment effects conditional on observable covariates. Since the conditional distribution of treatment effects is not point identified without strong assumptions, we obtain bounds on the conditional distribution of treatment effects by using the Makarov bounds. We also consider the case where the treatment is endogenous and propose two stochastic dominance assumptions to tighten the bounds. We develop a nonparametric framework to estimate the bounds and establish the asymptotic theory that is uniformly valid over the support of treatment effects. An empirical example illustrates the usefulness of the methods.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138511544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Outlier robust inference in the instrumental variable model with applications to causal effects","authors":"Jens Klooster, Mikhail Zhelonkin","doi":"10.1002/jae.3012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Anderson-Rubin (AR) test is an important method that allows for reliable inference in the instrumental variable model when the instruments are weak. Yet, the robustness properties of this test have not been formally studied. As it turns out that the AR test is not robust to outliers, we show how to construct an outlier robust alternative—the robust AR test. We investigate the robustness properties of the robust AR test and show that the robust AR statistic asymptotically follows a chi-square distribution. The theoretical results are illustrated by a simulation study. Finally, we apply the robust AR test to three different case studies that are affected by different types of outliers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forecasting and stress testing with quantile vector autoregression","authors":"Sulkhan Chavleishvili, Simone Manganelli","doi":"10.1002/jae.3009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A quantile vector autoregressive (VAR) model, unlike standard VAR, traces the interaction among the endogenous random variables at any quantile. Quantile forecasts are obtained by factorizing the joint distribution in a recursive structure but cannot be obtained from reduced form estimation. Identification strategies and structural quantile impulse response functions are derived as generalization of the VAR model. The model is estimated using real and financial variables for the euro area. The dynamic properties of the system change across quantiles. This is relevant for stress testing exercises, whose goal is to forecast the tail behavior of the economy when hit by large financial and real shocks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136377185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk, ambiguity, and misspecification: Decision theory, robust control, and statistics","authors":"Lars Peter Hansen, Thomas J. Sargent","doi":"10.1002/jae.3010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What are “deep uncertainties” and how should their presence influence prudent decisions? To address these questions, we bring ideas from robust control theory into statistical decision theory. Decision theory has its origins in axiomatic formulations by von Neumann and Morgenstern, Wald, and Savage. After Savage, decision theorists constructed axioms that formalize a notion of ambiguity aversion. Meanwhile, control theorists constructed decision rules that are robust to some model misspecifications. We reinterpret axiomatic foundations of decision theories to express ambiguity about a prior over a family of models along with concerns about misspecifications of the corresponding likelihood functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Cai, William C. Horrace, Christopher F. Parmeter
{"title":"Penalized sieve estimation of zero-inefficiency stochastic frontiers","authors":"Jun Cai, William C. Horrace, Christopher F. Parmeter","doi":"10.1002/jae.3008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stochastic frontier models for cross-sectional data typically assume that the one-sided distribution of firm-level inefficiency is continuous. However, it may be reasonable to hypothesize that inefficiency is continuous except for a discrete mass at zero capturing fully efficient firms (zero-inefficiency). We propose a sieve-type density estimator for such a mixture distribution in a nonparametric stochastic frontier setting under a unimodality-at-zero assumption. Consistency, rates of convergence and asymptotic normality of the estimators are established, as well as a test of the zero-inefficiency hypothesis. Simulations and two applications are provided to demonstrate the practicality of the method.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sectoral slowdowns in the United Kingdom: Evidence from transmission probabilities and economic linkages","authors":"Eva F. Janssens, Robin L. Lumsdaine","doi":"10.1002/jae.3004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper studies spillovers across macroeconomic sectors in the United Kingdom, using data from the Bank of England's Flow of Funds statistics. We combine two different approaches to quantify the spread of economic deterioration to assess whether sectors with large bilateral economic linkages as measured through network data have a greater statistical likelihood of spillovers between them. The combination of both approaches reveals the Monetary Financial Institutions sector's role as shock absorber and identifies the most important channels of spillovers. The inferential discrepancies between network data and statistical spillovers highlight the contribution of the proposed methodology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The efficacy of ability proxies for estimating the returns to schooling: A factor model-based evaluation","authors":"Mohitosh Kejriwal, Xiaoxiao Li, Linh Nguyen, Evan Totty","doi":"10.1002/jae.3011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A common approach to addressing ability bias is to augment the earnings-schooling regression with proxies for cognitive and non-cognitive skills. We evaluate this approach using a factor model framework, which allows consistent estimation of the returns to schooling without relying on proxies. The factor model estimators may be viewed as implicitly estimating proxy measurement error and/or accounting for omitted dimensions of ability. A bias decomposition quantifies the contribution of the proxies while the estimated latent skills are used to construct direct tests for their viability. Both sets of results confirm the inadequacy of the proxies in capturing the latent skills.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}