Journal of Peace Research最新文献_第4页

The democratic patience 民主的耐心

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Journal of Peace Research Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/00223433241231865

Andrew Kenealy

引用次数: 0

Third-party countries in cyber conflict: Public opinion and conflict spillover in cyberspace 网络冲突中的第三方国家：网络空间的舆论和冲突蔓延

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Journal of Peace Research Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/00223433241235852

Miguel Alberto Gomez, Gregory H Winger

{"title":"Third-party countries in cyber conflict: Public opinion and conflict spillover in cyberspace","authors":"Miguel Alberto Gomez, Gregory H Winger","doi":"10.1177/00223433241235852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433241235852","url":null,"abstract":"The transnational nature of cyberspace alters the role of third-party countries (TPCs) in international conflict. In the conventional environment, military operations are primarily confined to the boundaries of the combatants or a designated war zone. However, during cyber conflicts, operations may occur on the digital infrastructure of states not otherwise involved in the dispute. Nevertheless, within the cyber conflict literature, little is said about TPCs who, by virtue of interconnectivity, may find themselves involved in a conflict not of their own making. Consequently, we examine the political and diplomatic hazards of cyber operations involving these actors. Through survey experiments involving participants from the United Kingdom and Canada, we assess the public opinion impact of an offensive cyber operation’s revelation on a TPC population. We find that while these incidents are viewed negatively, prior authorization and the involvement of an ally reduces this tendency. Such conditions lead the public to perceive these operations as corresponding with their national interest while suppressing fears of the possible consequences following their indirect involvement.","PeriodicalId":48324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace Research","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sports nationalism and xenophobia: When cheering turns into violence 体育民族主义与仇外心理：当欢呼变成暴力

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Journal of Peace Research Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/00223433241231177

Gabriele Pinto

{"title":"Sports nationalism and xenophobia: When cheering turns into violence","authors":"Gabriele Pinto","doi":"10.1177/00223433241231177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433241231177","url":null,"abstract":"International football matches are among the highest manifestations of national pride and unity that a country can have in peaceful times. However, some anecdotal evidence suggests that when things go wrong (e.g. when the national team loses), the euphoria surrounding these events can easily turn into xenophobic outbursts. We propose a conceptual framework and an empirical analysis to explain whether sports nationalism can fuel xenophobic behavior and attacks against immigrants. Leveraging on new soccer data from Germany and quasi-experimental econometric techniques, we show the existence of a causal nexus between the national team’s performance in prominent international competitions and shifts in nationalist tendencies and xenophobic behaviors against immigrants. In the immediate days following a defeat of the German national team, there is a significant increase in the number of attacks against immigrants in the country. The opposite happens following a victory. Through a variety of robustness tests and different specifications, we show that the effect is specific to attacks against immigrants and not due to a general increase in violent behavior observed in other studies. Finally, we investigate potential underlying mechanisms by looking at the effect of football matches on reported mood and attitudes against immigrants.","PeriodicalId":48324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140845960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethnic politics via digital means: Introducing the Ethnic Organizations Online dataset 通过数字手段实现民族政治：民族组织在线数据集介绍

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Journal of Peace Research Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1177/00223433241231844

Frederik Gremler, Nils B Weidmann

{"title":"Ethnic politics via digital means: Introducing the Ethnic Organizations Online dataset","authors":"Frederik Gremler, Nils B Weidmann","doi":"10.1177/00223433241231844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433241231844","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing relevance of ethnic groups as political actors, the literature has attempted to identify and study the ethnic organizations representing these groups. How do these organizations use digital communication channels to reach their domestic and international audiences? To enable research on these questions, this article introduces the Ethnic Organizations Online dataset, a new data collection focusing on the online channels that ethnic organizations use. The dataset includes four types of channels: Twitter (since July 2023, rebranded by Elon Musk as X); Facebook; Instagram; and regular websites. It relies on the Ethnic Power Relations – Organizations database, and is therefore compatible with an entire family of datasets on ethnic politics. Featuring more than 2000 online channels used by 265 groups, it allows researchers to study a wide variety of questions related to digital ethnic mobilization. The article presents three examples of how the dataset can be used. We study: (a) how a group’s political goals influence social media adoption; (b) how elections impact the organizations’ communication frequency and how this differs between democracies and autocracies; and (c) how the power status of a group affects the content of their communication. We provide replication codes facilitating the use of the dataset in applied research.","PeriodicalId":48324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Network analysis of international cooperation in space 1958–2023: Evidence of space blocs 1958-2023 年国际空间合作网络分析：太空集团的证据

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Journal of Peace Research Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1177/00223433231225162

Svetla Ben-Itzhak

{"title":"Network analysis of international cooperation in space 1958–2023: Evidence of space blocs","authors":"Svetla Ben-Itzhak","doi":"10.1177/00223433231225162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433231225162","url":null,"abstract":"The future of international cooperation in outer space was questioned when, in January 2022, Russia announced that it intended to leave the International Space Station (ISS) in 2024. A symbol of post-Cold War reconciliation, the station has linked Washington and Moscow even when relations on the ground frayed. The ISS has become a bedrock of international cooperation, having welcomed 276 individuals from 22 countries since it was first put in orbit in 1998. Russia’s announced departure from the ISS alarmed proponents of international cooperation in space. Its actions, however, do not signal an end but a new phase in international cooperative dynamics in space. This article examines international cooperation in outer space from 1958 until 2023. Using network analysis, it quantifies cooperative relations between states on space matters to examine the current state of international cooperation in space and its evolving dynamics. It finds that international cooperation in space has become increasingly defined by the emergence of distinct clusters of states, termed ‘space blocs’. Recent patterns of international cooperation in space markedly deviate from past dynamics in three key aspects. First, since 2008, distinct, bound space blocs can be clearly detected. Second, the internal composition of recent space blocs has become increasingly reflective of geopolitical affinities and strategic considerations on the ground. Third, although highly bound and distinct, the more recent space blocs are not entirely isolated and have not instituted any exclusionary practices, which is promising for the future of international space cooperation.","PeriodicalId":48324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace Research","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The motivating and mobilizing effects of inequality on civil conflict: Focusing on trade-induced labor market shocks 不平等对国内冲突的激励和动员作用：聚焦贸易引发的劳动力市场冲击

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Journal of Peace Research Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1177/00223433231221447

Hye-Ryoung Jung

{"title":"The motivating and mobilizing effects of inequality on civil conflict: Focusing on trade-induced labor market shocks","authors":"Hye-Ryoung Jung","doi":"10.1177/00223433231221447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433231221447","url":null,"abstract":"This article has two aims: (1) to identify the causal effect of income inequality on civil conflict and (2) to find the mechanism in which disadvantaged individuals can mobilize collective violence. Applying the Heckscher-Ohlin and Stopler-Samuelson theorems, this study hypothesizes that workers in land-rich countries – those who face contracted demand in the labor market and consequently a larger income disparity – will have a lower opportunity cost to engage in conflict as trade expands. Exploiting exogenous spatial variation in inequality due to the country’s factor endowment, together with time variation in tariffs arising from the economic liberalization, the work of this research documents a statistically significant and economically meaningful causal effect of inequality on civil conflict. Secondly, to identify the mobilizing effect of inequality, I test whether higher disparity in income distribution within an ethnic group breeds more rebellions initiated by the group. Esteban and Ray’s model claims that an increase in income inequality within an ethnic group makes collective violence more likely, because the poor within the group provide conflict labor, and the rich within the group provide resources for violence. By merging international census data that cover 115 million individuals from 221 ethnic groups with the groups’ conflict records, the analysis empirically identifies that when holding total ethnic income constant, within-group inequality that is proxied by the unemployment rate is strongly correlated with the group’s propensity to initiate armed conflicts. Shedding new light on the prevailing scholarly discord that exclusively chooses either one of class and ethnic cleavages as sources of intrastate violence, the findings of this study imply that if trade-induced labor market shocks increase within-group inequality, it motivates workers to participate in rebellions by lowering their opportunity cost of fighting and mobilizes ethnic collective violence by allowing the ethnic leaders to recruit combatants at a lower cost.","PeriodicalId":48324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cyber scares and prophylactic policies: Cross-national evidence on the effect of cyberattacks on public support for surveillance 网络恐慌与预防性政策：网络攻击对公众支持监控的影响的跨国证据

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Journal of Peace Research Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/00223433241233960

Amelia C Arsenault, Sarah E Kreps, Keren LG Snider, Daphna Canetti

{"title":"Cyber scares and prophylactic policies: Cross-national evidence on the effect of cyberattacks on public support for surveillance","authors":"Amelia C Arsenault, Sarah E Kreps, Keren LG Snider, Daphna Canetti","doi":"10.1177/00223433241233960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433241233960","url":null,"abstract":"While conventional terrorism has long been associated with enhanced support for surveillance, scholars have not determined whether variation in the type and outcome of terror attacks, including those emanating from cyberspace, influences public support for these policies. Further, existing studies typically examine public opinion in a single country, thereby failing to investigate cross-national trends in support for surveillance. In this article, we outline a theoretical relationship between cyberattacks and support for surveillance measures and then, through survey experiments conducted in the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel, explore whether variation in both the type (conventional or cyberterrorism) and outcome (non-lethal or lethal outcomes) of attacks influences support for a range of surveillance tactics. We find that while participants do not base their support for surveillance on attack type or outcome and do not differentiate between surveillance tactics when formulating their preferences, there are considerable cross-national differences in support. Participants from Israel generally responded more favorably to all forms of surveillance, independent of experimental treatment, with British respondents demonstrating high levels of support for CCTV cameras. American respondents, however, were generally less supportive of surveillance measures across treatments, with the differences being most notable in their relative reluctance to support the use of CCTV cameras. These findings have important implications not only for the sustainability of national policies but also for international collaboration to manage emerging risks.","PeriodicalId":48324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace Research","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140192827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women, political violence and economics 妇女、政治暴力和经济

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Journal of Peace Research Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/00223433231215772

Mario Ferrero

引用次数: 0

Disaggregated defense spending: Introduction to data 分类国防开支：数据介绍

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Journal of Peace Research Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/00223433231215785

Jordan Becker, Seth Benson, J Paul Dunne, Edmund Malesky

{"title":"Disaggregated defense spending: Introduction to data","authors":"Jordan Becker, Seth Benson, J Paul Dunne, Edmund Malesky","doi":"10.1177/00223433231215785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433231215785","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical and empirical research on causes and consequences of defense spending is plentiful. Most of this research uses ‘top line’ defense spending data, either as a share of GDP or as a raw monetary figure. Empirical research has been limited, however, by the ‘blunt’ nature of this data, which does not help to explain what countries are spending on. We introduce a dataset that provides information on disaggregated defense spending from 35 NATO and EU members over as many as 51 years. We discuss the main features of this data in the paper, and the replication files will enable other scholars to automate accessing it in the future. In addition to automating the extraction of NATO and European Defence Agency data on overall military expenditures, we make data on equipment, personnel, operating, and infrastructure spending available in a single dataset. We illustrate the utility of the disaggregated defense spending dataset by replicating canonical and newer analyses using both the overall data and its disaggregated components. The findings differ depending on which type of spending is considered. We found that differences in the relationship between national wealth and defense spending depended on the category of spending considered, as did the tendency toward ‘free-riding’. These exercises shed new light on seminal theories on burden-sharing and the political economy of security. Our initial analysis suggests that disaggregating defense spending is likely to improve the analysis of old and emerging research questions of considerable policy importance, and points to several opportunities to do so.","PeriodicalId":48324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140069825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introducing the Lynching in Latin America (LYLA) dataset 拉丁美洲私刑 (LYLA) 数据集介绍

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Journal of Peace Research Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/00223433231220275

Enzo Nussio, Govinda Clayton

引用次数: 0