Journal of Economic Psychology最新文献_第2页

Slipping on stereotypes – Interactive gender effects in the erosion of ethical behavior

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Economic Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102785

Anja Bodenschatz , Gari Walkowitz

{"title":"Slipping on stereotypes – Interactive gender effects in the erosion of ethical behavior","authors":"Anja Bodenschatz , Gari Walkowitz","doi":"10.1016/j.joep.2024.102785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joep.2024.102785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate how gender affects ethical outcomes in repeated same- or mixed-gender interactions. In our first study (<em>N</em> = 681), we use an experimental slippery-slope audit setting (Gino and Bazerman, 2009), in which an “auditor” makes an approval decision about the emerging unethical behavior of an “estimator” whose gender has been made salient. Based on previous evidence, unethical behavior is more likely to be accepted when it emerges gradually compared to a situation where it occurs abruptly. While we do not find a general slippery-slope effect across the whole sample, a significant slippery-slope effect is detected when the estimator is male (<em>d</em> = 0.36) or when the auditor is female (<em>d</em> = 0.27). We observe no slippery-slope effects in same-gender estimator-auditor constellations. However, in mixed-gender constellations, we find opposite effects: when male estimators are audited by females, we observe a significant slippery-slope effect (<em>d</em> = 0.53), driven by a high approval rate in the slippery-slope treatment. Conversely, when female estimators are audited by males, the approval rate increases in the abrupt treatment (<em>d</em> = 0.33). To better understand the drivers of these findings, we asked a different sample of participants (<em>N</em> = 90) to indicate the level of competence or honesty they attribute to male and female estimators in the estimation task. Responses suggest that the detected slippery-slope effects may be driven by auditors (especially females), attributing more competence to male estimators (<em>d</em> = 0.62), which is particularly relevant in the slippery-slope treatment where unethical behavior is difficult to detect. Moreover, our finding that male auditors are particularly inclined to approve overvaluations by females in the abrupt treatment, where unethical behavior becomes salient, may be driven by a more ethical assessment of female estimators (<em>d</em> = 0.90).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Psychology","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Closing the gender negotiation gap: The power of entitlements,

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Economic Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102786

Elif E. Demiral , Macie Addley , Erin Taylor

引用次数: 0

The superstar effect on perceived performance in professional football: An online experiment 超级巨星效应对职业足球运动表现的影响：在线实验

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Economic Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102776

Yu Pan , Marco Henriques Pereira , Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez , Helmut M. Dietl

引用次数: 0

Empowered or informed? Seeking to mitigate gender differences in first-offer assertiveness through pre-negotiation interventions 增强能力还是了解情况？通过谈判前的干预措施，努力缩小初次报价自信方面的性别差异

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Economic Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102775

Erna Kokić , Laure Wagner , Ana García López del Amo , Charlotte L. Giering , Van Ly Truong , Hannes M. Petrowsky , Onno M. Husen , David D. Loschelder

{"title":"Empowered or informed? Seeking to mitigate gender differences in first-offer assertiveness through pre-negotiation interventions","authors":"Erna Kokić , Laure Wagner , Ana García López del Amo , Charlotte L. Giering , Van Ly Truong , Hannes M. Petrowsky , Onno M. Husen , David D. Loschelder","doi":"10.1016/j.joep.2024.102775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joep.2024.102775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gender differences in negotiation behavior—for instance, men’s vs. women’s likelihood to make (assertive) first offers—contribute to the globally prevalent gender pay gap (GPG). In an attempt to mitigate the social and economic consequences of this gender disparity, we first empirically validated two pre-negotiation message interventions in a pilot study (<em>N</em> = 203). In the main experimental intervention study (<em>N</em> = 585), male versus female participants randomly received this (1) informative message about the GPG, or (2) gender-specific empowering message, or (3) no message in the control condition. In a subsequent negotiation task on the starting salary for a new job, we assessed participants’ (a) likelihood-to-initiate a first offer and (b) first-offer assertiveness. Results showed a remarkably robust behavioral gender disparity: across all conditions, men were more likely to make the first offer (<em>d</em> = 0.178) and made them more assertively (<em>d</em> = 0.339). Importantly, compared to the control condition, the informative (<em>d</em><sub>inform</sub> = 0.304) and the empowering (<em>d</em><sub>empower</sub> = 0.255) pre-negotiation interventions increased women’s first-offer assertiveness. Similar intervention benefits emerged for men (<em>d</em><sub>inform</sub> = 0.259; <em>d</em><sub>empower</sub> = 0.284), however, yielding an overall remarkably robust gender difference. To explore the underlying reasons for this gender disparity, we tested four competing psychological mechanisms (i.e., self-esteem, positive and negative affect, GPG awareness, and self-efficacy). Our results highlight the impact that even short, minimal interventions can have on gender differences in negotiation behavior and illustrate which psychological mechanisms explain the emergence of gender disparity in the first place.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Psychology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entrepreneurial worries: Self-employment and potential loss of well-being 创业忧虑：自营职业和潜在的福利损失

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Economic Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102773

Martin Binder

引用次数: 0

Cognitive dissonance, political participation, and changes in policy preferences 认知失调、政治参与和政策偏好的变化

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Economic Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102774

Tanja Artiga González , Francesco Capozza , Georg D. Granic

引用次数: 0

Memory bias beyond ego: Selective recall of positive financial outcomes 超越自我的记忆偏差：对积极财务结果的选择性回忆

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Economic Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102771

Adrián Caballero , Raúl López-Pérez

{"title":"Memory bias beyond ego: Selective recall of positive financial outcomes","authors":"Adrián Caballero , Raúl López-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.joep.2024.102771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joep.2024.102771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A recent experimental literature has documented that people are (sometimes) asymmetric updaters: good news is over-weighted relative to bad news. This phenomenon might be due to selective recall (SR), whereby people better recall positive evidence than negative evidence. To test this hypothesis, we ran a balls-and-urns experiment where each subject faced a box with 100 balls, each bearing a different boy or girl name (N = 448). Subjects received a prize for each ’female’ ball but did not know the exact composition of the urn. Each subject then observed 20 consecutive random draws from her urn, with distracting tasks placed between some extractions. In a subsequent incentivized memory task, unexpected by the subjects, they were asked to write down as many extracted names as they could recall. Since female draws were (exogenously manipulated) good news, SR predicts that they are more likely to be remembered, which is exactly what we found. When subjects received a prize per ’male’ ball, in contrast, they recalled significantly better the extracted boy names. This SR effect persisted even after we controlled for other factors that may influence recall in our design, such as the timing of the extraction or the length of the name. When subjects were asked to estimate the share of ’paying’ balls in the urn, however, we observed no biases at the mean level. That is, SR does not always lead to overestimation of the frequency of positive events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Psychology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral hypocrisy and the dichotomy of hypothetical versus real choices in prosocial behavior 道德虚伪以及亲社会行为中假设与真实选择的二分法

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Economic Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102772

Marek Vranka, Petr Houdek

{"title":"Moral hypocrisy and the dichotomy of hypothetical versus real choices in prosocial behavior","authors":"Marek Vranka, Petr Houdek","doi":"10.1016/j.joep.2024.102772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joep.2024.102772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have examined how much money participants take for themselves from an amount designated either for a well-known charity or for a state’s public budget. For a third of the participants, the decision was real – they were paid the chosen amount afterward, and the donation to a charity or public budget was lowered by this amount. For the rest, the decision was hypothetical, with no consequences. In a follow-up study, a different sample of participants was tasked with estimating behavior in both conditions. As expected, participants took more money from the public budget than the charity. However, when the decision was hypothetical, they took less money only from the public budget. Participants who could take money from the charity did not take less in the hypothetical than in the real condition. This was unexpected also for participants in the follow-up study, who significantly underestimated the amount of money taken from charities in the hypothetical condition. The results highlight limited generalizability of findings regarding moral and prosocial choices that use only hypothetical or vignette scenarios and suggest that interactions between positive self-presentation and monetary incentives are more context-dependent than expected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Psychology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142551980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anonymity, nonverbal communication and prosociality in digitized interactions: An experiment on charitable giving 数字化互动中的匿名性、非语言交流和亲社会性：慈善捐赠实验

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Economic Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102769

Adam Zylbersztejn , Zakaria Babutsidze , Nobuyuki Hanaki , Marie-Sophie Roul

{"title":"Anonymity, nonverbal communication and prosociality in digitized interactions: An experiment on charitable giving","authors":"Adam Zylbersztejn , Zakaria Babutsidze , Nobuyuki Hanaki , Marie-Sophie Roul","doi":"10.1016/j.joep.2024.102769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joep.2024.102769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We empirically examine the value of modern digital communication tools for inducing prosocial behavior. In our online experiment (<span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>594</mn></mrow></math></span>), charity members transmit a standardized message to potential donors through alternative digital communication channels varying the amount of nonverbal content (written message in the baseline Text condition vs. voice recording in Audio vs. video-recorded discourse in Video). We find partial support for the initial conjecture that individuals get more prosocial towards strangers once the latter become less anonymous to the former. Compared to the baseline Text condition, our Audio treatment induces a significant and substantial (nearly 40%) increase in the average donation. However, the effect observed in the richest Video condition has only half the magnitude of the one in Audio and donations made therein are not statistically different to those in the remaining conditions. We rule out the possibility that these treatment effects stem from perceptual mechanisms by which the changes in prosociality are driven by the differences in the perception of charity members in the stimuli, suggesting that the treatment effects capture the intrinsic value of reducing anonymity for promoting prosociality in the digital world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Psychology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102769"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entering a gender-neutral workplace? College students’ expectations and the impact of information provision 进入性别中立的工作场所？大学生的期望和信息提供的影响

IF 2.5 2区经济学

Journal of Economic Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2024.102770

Francesca Barigozzi , José J. Domínguez , Natalia Montinari

{"title":"Entering a gender-neutral workplace? College students’ expectations and the impact of information provision","authors":"Francesca Barigozzi , José J. Domínguez , Natalia Montinari","doi":"10.1016/j.joep.2024.102770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joep.2024.102770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores whether college students are aware of gender disparities in academic performance and labor market outcomes, and examines the effect of providing information about these gaps. The study uses a lab experiment that includes (i) a questionnaire eliciting beliefs, (ii) a task assignment game where participants act as employers, and (iii) a game measuring willingness to compete. The experiment features two feedback treatments: one providing information only on gender gaps in labor market outcomes, and the other including information on both academic performance and labor market outcomes. In another treatment, the questionnaire was administered without providing new information to make gender salient. Results indicate that most participants are unaware of gender gaps. Feedback treatments did not significantly affect hiring decisions but, making gender salient, positively influenced women’s assignment to the difficult task, particularly among those previously unaware of the gaps, possibly due to social desirability bias. Men with implicit stereotypes were more inclined to compete regardless of treatment, while women with implicit stereotypes competed more after receiving information on the gap in academic performance. Overall, the study suggests that highlighting gender issues and informing women who hold implicit stereotypes can have mild positive effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Psychology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 102770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0