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Wage Inequality in Germany after the Minimum Wage Introduction 引入最低工资后德国的工资不平等
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1086/720391
Mario Bossler, Thorsten Schank
{"title":"Wage Inequality in Germany after the Minimum Wage Introduction","authors":"Mario Bossler, Thorsten Schank","doi":"10.1086/720391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720391","url":null,"abstract":"Monthly wage inequality in Germany continued to increase in the early 2000s, which is mainly explained by a rising part-time employment share. After 2010, inequality returned to the level of 2000. About half of the recent decrease is due to the introduction of the national minimum wage in 2015. While employment effects of the minimum wage are negligible, we find strong wage increases among the existing workforce. The minimum wage lowered wage inequality within eastern and western Germany but also led to a convergence of the east-west wage differential. The increased labor incomes were not offset by decreasing social benefits.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"813 - 857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42924038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Wild Boar in Italy. 意大利野猪中猪圆环病毒 2 型和 3 型的遗传多样性。
IF 2.7 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080953
Angela Fanelli, Francesco Pellegrini, Michele Camero, Cristiana Catella, Domenico Buonavoglia, Giovanna Fusco, Vito Martella, Gianvito Lanave
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Wild Boar in Italy.","authors":"Angela Fanelli, Francesco Pellegrini, Michele Camero, Cristiana Catella, Domenico Buonavoglia, Giovanna Fusco, Vito Martella, Gianvito Lanave","doi":"10.3390/ani12080953","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani12080953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine circovirus (PCV) infection is associated with relevant economic impact to the pig industry. To date, four species of PCV (PCV1 to 4) have been identified but only PCV2 has been associated firmly with disease in pigs. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3 in the wild boar population in Basilicata region, Southern Italy, since this region is characterized by large forested and rural areas and the anthropic pressure is lower than in other Italian regions. Liver samples from 82 hunted wild boar were collected in 2021 from 3 different hunting districts. Sixty (73%, 95%CI: 63-82) samples tested positive for PCVs by quantitative PCR. In detail, 22 (27%, 95%CI: 18-37) were positive for PCV2, 58 (71%, 95%CI: 60-79) for PCV3, and 20 (24.4%, 95%CI 16-35) for both PCV2 and PCV3. On genome sequencing, different types and sub-types of PCV2 and PCV3 were identified, remarking a genetic diversity and hinting to a global circulation for the identified PCV strains. Overall, the high prevalence suggests that PCV2 and PCV3 infections are endemic in the wild boar population, posing risks for semi-intensive and free-range pig farming, typical of this region, due to contact with PCV-infected wild boar.</p>","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9031215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82394959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of School and Neighborhood Peers on Achievement, Misbehavior, and Adult Crime 学校和邻居同伴对成就、不端行为和成人犯罪的影响
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1086/720323
Stephen B. Billings, Mark Hoekstra
{"title":"The Effect of School and Neighborhood Peers on Achievement, Misbehavior, and Adult Crime","authors":"Stephen B. Billings, Mark Hoekstra","doi":"10.1086/720323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720323","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the importance of school and neighborhood peers in shaping educational achievement, adolescent misbehavior, and adult crime. Using cohort variation within Charlotte-Mecklenburg County, we focus on the impact of peers whose parents have been arrested, which is strongly and independently predictive of worse outcomes. Results indicate that a 5 percentage point increase in school peers linked to parental arrest reduces educational achievement by 0.016 standard deviations and increases adult arrest rates by 5%. Additional evidence indicates that peer effects are primarily driven by interactions in schools rather than in neighborhoods.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"643 - 685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43033882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Nevertheless She Persisted? Gender Peer Effects in Doctoral STEM Programs. 然而，她坚持?STEM博士项目中的性别同伴效应。
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/714921
Valerie K Bostwick, Bruce A Weinberg
{"title":"Nevertheless She Persisted? Gender Peer Effects in Doctoral STEM Programs.","authors":"Valerie K Bostwick,&nbsp;Bruce A Weinberg","doi":"10.1086/714921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We study the effects of peer gender composition in STEM doctoral programs on persistence and degree completion. Leveraging unique new data and quasi-random variation in gender composition across cohorts within programs, we show that women entering cohorts with no female peers are 11.7pp less likely to graduate within 6 years than their male counterparts. A 1 sd increase in the percentage of female students differentially increases women's probability of on-time graduation by 4.4pp. These gender peer effects function primarily through changes in the probability of dropping out in the first year of a Ph.D. program.</p>","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"40 2","pages":"397-436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/714921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9220701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
Rent Sharing within Firms 企业内部租金分担
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/718713
David D. Cho, A. Krueger
{"title":"Rent Sharing within Firms","authors":"David D. Cho, A. Krueger","doi":"10.1086/718713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718713","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the extent to which economic rents are shared among different types of workers within firms. We utilize administrative payroll records in order to estimate the elasticity of employee compensation with respect to the price of crude oil at petroleum extraction companies. We find that the elasticity of rent sharing is heterogeneous within firms and significantly higher for workers at the top of the earnings distribution. These results can be rationalized by a bargaining model in which insiders within a firm possess greater power to negotiate over wages.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"40 1","pages":"S17 - S38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46697638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minimum Wages, Wages, and Price Pass-Through: The Case of McDonald’s Restaurants 最低工资、工资和价格传递:麦当劳餐厅的案例
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/718190
O. Ashenfelter, Š. Jurajda
{"title":"Minimum Wages, Wages, and Price Pass-Through: The Case of McDonald’s Restaurants","authors":"O. Ashenfelter, Š. Jurajda","doi":"10.1086/718190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718190","url":null,"abstract":"Based on 2016–20 hourly wage rates of McDonald’s basic crew and Big Mac prices collected simultaneously from almost all US McDonald’s, we find that in 25% of instances of minimum wage increases, restaurants keep constant their wage premium above the increasing minimum wage. Higher minimum wages are not associated with faster adoption of touch-screen ordering, and there is near-full price pass-through of minimum wages. Minimum wage hikes lead to increases in real wages (expressed as how many Big Macs 1 hour of basic crew work can buy) that are one-fifth lower than the corresponding increases in nominal wages.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"40 1","pages":"S179 - S201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48759126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Introduction to a Special Issue in Honor of Alan B. Krueger 艾伦·克鲁格纪念特刊简介
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/718434
David Card, Alexandre Mas
{"title":"Introduction to a Special Issue in Honor of Alan B. Krueger","authors":"David Card, Alexandre Mas","doi":"10.1086/718434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718434","url":null,"abstract":"Alan Krueger was one of the most prolific and influential economists of his generation. While his research extended into many different areas, including environmental economics,macroeconomics, and behavioral economics, he identifiedfirst and foremost as a “labor economist.”Hewas a labor economist par excellence, always pushing the field in a new (or long overlooked) direction while maintaining the highest standards for the quality and credibility of his empirical findings. The papers in this issue, written by his students and colleagues in labor economics, pay tribute to some of his major contributions to our field. Virtually every paper builds on one or more of Alan’s ideas. Alan earned his bachelor’s degree in industrial and labor relations from Cornell in 1983. His early education included classes in labor economics and statistics that informed his work throughout his career, including a deep appreciation of the value of original data. Thiswas reflected in the surveys at the heart of many of his best-known papers—including his studies of minimum wages (Katz and Krueger 1992; Card and Krueger 1994), twins (Ashenfelter and Krueger 1994), well-being (Kahneman et al. 2004), and wage posting (Hall and Krueger 2012)—and by his founding of the Survey Research Center at Princeton in 1993. Alan’s 1987 dissertation at Harvard focused on wage determination—a topic he returned to often. The first chapter, which was his job market paper and was later published in theQuarterly Journal of Economics (Krueger 1991), is remarkable for the bold simplicity of its design. Alan proposed to","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"40 1","pages":"S1 - S15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41641446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence and Jobs: Evidence from Online Vacancies 人工智能与就业：来自网络招聘的证据
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/718327
D. Acemoglu, David Autor, J. Hazell, P. Restrepo
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Jobs: Evidence from Online Vacancies","authors":"D. Acemoglu, David Autor, J. Hazell, P. Restrepo","doi":"10.1086/718327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718327","url":null,"abstract":"We study the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on labor markets using establishment-level data on the near universe of online vacancies in the United States from 2010 onward. There is rapid growth in AI-related vacancies over 2010–18 that is driven by establishments whose workers engage in tasks compatible with AI’s current capabilities. As these AI-exposed establishments adopt AI, they simultaneously reduce hiring in non-AI positions and change the skill requirements of remaining postings. While visible at the establishment level, the aggregate impacts of AI-labor substitution on employment and wage growth in more exposed occupations and industries is currently too small to be detectable.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"40 1","pages":"S293 - S340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47011317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 59
Childcare over the Business Cycle 商业周期中的儿童保育
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/718189
Jessica H. Brown, C. Herbst
{"title":"Childcare over the Business Cycle","authors":"Jessica H. Brown, C. Herbst","doi":"10.1086/718189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718189","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the impact of macroeconomic conditions on the childcare market. We find that the industry is substantially more exposed to the business cycle than other low-wage industries and responds more strongly to negative shocks than positive ones. Indeed, childcare employment requires more time to recover than the rest of the economy. Although the reduction in supply may pose difficulties for parents, we find evidence that center quality is countercyclical. When unemployment rates are higher, childcare workers have on average higher levels of education and experience, turnover rates are lower, and consumer reviews on Yelp are higher.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"40 1","pages":"S429 - S468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48939410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Consequences of Letter Grades for Labor Market Outcomes and Student Behavior 字母成绩对劳动力市场结果和学生行为的影响
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1086/719994
B. Tan
{"title":"The Consequences of Letter Grades for Labor Market Outcomes and Student Behavior","authors":"B. Tan","doi":"10.1086/719994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719994","url":null,"abstract":"I study the consequences of letter grades serving as coarse measures of academic achievement using university administrative data that record both the letter grade and the precise mark (0–100) received for each course that a given student takes. I exploit a regression discontinuity design with marks as the running variable. I find that receiving a better grade in a single class results in USD 32 greater monthly earnings after graduation, a 1.4% increase. I also find that marginal students who receive a worse grade take significantly easier courses and earn lower grades in future semesters.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"565 - 588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49457074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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