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Journal of Labor Economics最新文献

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Does Ageist Language in Job Ads Predict Age Discrimination in Hiring? 招聘广告中的年龄歧视性语言能预测招聘中的年龄歧视吗？
IF 3.9 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1086/717730
Ian Burn, Patrick Button, Luis Munguia Corella, David Neumark
{"title":"Does Ageist Language in Job Ads Predict Age Discrimination in Hiring?","authors":"Ian Burn, Patrick Button, Luis Munguia Corella, David Neumark","doi":"10.1086/717730","DOIUrl":"10.1086/717730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We study the relationships between ageist stereotypes - as reflected in the language used in job ads - and age discrimination in hiring, exploiting the text of job ads and differences in callbacks to older and younger job applicants from a resume (correspondence study) field experiment (Neumark, Burn, and Button, 2019). Our analysis uses computational linguistics and machine learning methods to examine, in a field-experiment setting, ageist stereotypes that might underlie age discrimination in hiring. In so doing, we develop methods and a framework for analyzing textual data, highlighting the usefulness of various computer science techniques for empirical economics research. We find evidence that language related to stereotypes of older workers sometimes predicts discrimination against older workers. For men, we find evidence that age stereotypes about all three categories we consider - health, personality, and skill - predict age discrimination, and for women, age stereotypes about personality predict age discrimination. In general, the evidence that age stereotypes predict age discrimination is much stronger for men, and our results for men are quite consistent with the industrial psychology literature on age stereotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"40 3","pages":"613-667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9285661/pdf/nihms-1730335.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9722743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Access to Head Start and Maternal Labor Supply: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Evidence 获得领先和产妇劳动力供应：实验和准实验证据
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-05-23 DOI: 10.1086/720980
Jocelyn S. Wikle, Riley Wilson
{"title":"Access to Head Start and Maternal Labor Supply: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Evidence","authors":"Jocelyn S. Wikle, Riley Wilson","doi":"10.1086/720980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720980","url":null,"abstract":"We explore how access to Head Start affects maternal labor supply. By relaxing childcare constraints, public preschools like Head Start might lead mothers to reallocate time among employment, childcare, and other activities. Using the 1990s enrollment and funding expansions and the 2002 Head Start Impact Study randomized controlled trial, we show that Head Start increases short-run employment and wage earnings of single mothers without reducing quality parent-child interactions. Even before including long-run benefits to children, the short-run benefit to single mothers and the government is $0.93 per dollar. Head Start is a family-level treatment with impacts beyond children.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"1081 - 1127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46906094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Unobserved Endowments and Gender Differences in Marriage Matching 婚姻匹配中的未观察禀赋与性别差异
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1086/720762
Wenchao Li, X. Lou, Junjian Yi, Junsen Zhang
{"title":"Unobserved Endowments and Gender Differences in Marriage Matching","authors":"Wenchao Li, X. Lou, Junjian Yi, Junsen Zhang","doi":"10.1086/720762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720762","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effects of unobserved earnings-related endowments on marital outcomes, focusing on potential gender differences. Using a less stringent, more plausible assumption that monozygotic twins share more similar endowments relative to dizygotic twins, we develop a novel identification strategy from the twins experiment. Using unique Chinese twins survey data, we find that men with genetic endowments related to higher earnings marry earlier and have younger, taller wives; such women marry later and have older husbands with higher education and income. Results cast doubt on the conventional assumption of independence between unobservables and observable marital attributes.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"859 - 886"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48828243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Health and Welfare Effects of Increases in Workers’ Compensation Benefits 工人补偿金增加对健康和福利的影响
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1086/720456
Lu Jinks
{"title":"The Health and Welfare Effects of Increases in Workers’ Compensation Benefits","authors":"Lu Jinks","doi":"10.1086/720456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720456","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates the causal impacts of workers’ compensation income benefits on workers’ health and welfare outcomes. Using claims data from 2004 to 2016, I explore the variation in benefits due to a reform of New York workers’ compensation that increased the maximum weekly benefits. I find that a $77 increase in the weekly benefits led to an additional 3.4 days off work. Medical utilization did not increase. Each extra day off work decreased the reinjury likelihood by 2.9%. The current benefit level in New York is close to optimal in balancing payer cost and worker health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"615 - 642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44229364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interactions with Powerful Female Colleagues Promote Diversity in Hiring 与强势女同事的互动促进招聘的多样性
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1086/720392
M. Battaglini, Jorgen Harris, Eleonora Patacchini
{"title":"Interactions with Powerful Female Colleagues Promote Diversity in Hiring","authors":"M. Battaglini, Jorgen Harris, Eleonora Patacchini","doi":"10.1086/720392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720392","url":null,"abstract":"We study the effect of hearing cases alongside female judicial colleagues on the probability that a federal judge hires a female law clerk. Federal judges are assigned to judicial panels at random and have few limitations on their choices of clerks. Using a unique dataset of federal case records merged with judicial hiring information, we find a significant effect of the fraction of copanelists who are female on a male judge’s likelihood of hiring a female clerk. This finding suggests that increases in the diversity of the upper rungs of a profession can create opportunities at the entry level.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"589 - 614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45911221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Wage Inequality in Germany after the Minimum Wage Introduction 引入最低工资后德国的工资不平等
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1086/720391
Mario Bossler, Thorsten Schank
{"title":"Wage Inequality in Germany after the Minimum Wage Introduction","authors":"Mario Bossler, Thorsten Schank","doi":"10.1086/720391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720391","url":null,"abstract":"Monthly wage inequality in Germany continued to increase in the early 2000s, which is mainly explained by a rising part-time employment share. After 2010, inequality returned to the level of 2000. About half of the recent decrease is due to the introduction of the national minimum wage in 2015. While employment effects of the minimum wage are negligible, we find strong wage increases among the existing workforce. The minimum wage lowered wage inequality within eastern and western Germany but also led to a convergence of the east-west wage differential. The increased labor incomes were not offset by decreasing social benefits.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"813 - 857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42924038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Wild Boar in Italy. 意大利野猪中猪圆环病毒 2 型和 3 型的遗传多样性。
IF 2.7 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080953
Angela Fanelli, Francesco Pellegrini, Michele Camero, Cristiana Catella, Domenico Buonavoglia, Giovanna Fusco, Vito Martella, Gianvito Lanave
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Wild Boar in Italy.","authors":"Angela Fanelli, Francesco Pellegrini, Michele Camero, Cristiana Catella, Domenico Buonavoglia, Giovanna Fusco, Vito Martella, Gianvito Lanave","doi":"10.3390/ani12080953","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani12080953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine circovirus (PCV) infection is associated with relevant economic impact to the pig industry. To date, four species of PCV (PCV1 to 4) have been identified but only PCV2 has been associated firmly with disease in pigs. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3 in the wild boar population in Basilicata region, Southern Italy, since this region is characterized by large forested and rural areas and the anthropic pressure is lower than in other Italian regions. Liver samples from 82 hunted wild boar were collected in 2021 from 3 different hunting districts. Sixty (73%, 95%CI: 63-82) samples tested positive for PCVs by quantitative PCR. In detail, 22 (27%, 95%CI: 18-37) were positive for PCV2, 58 (71%, 95%CI: 60-79) for PCV3, and 20 (24.4%, 95%CI 16-35) for both PCV2 and PCV3. On genome sequencing, different types and sub-types of PCV2 and PCV3 were identified, remarking a genetic diversity and hinting to a global circulation for the identified PCV strains. Overall, the high prevalence suggests that PCV2 and PCV3 infections are endemic in the wild boar population, posing risks for semi-intensive and free-range pig farming, typical of this region, due to contact with PCV-infected wild boar.</p>","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9031215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82394959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of School and Neighborhood Peers on Achievement, Misbehavior, and Adult Crime 学校和邻居同伴对成就、不端行为和成人犯罪的影响
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1086/720323
Stephen B. Billings, Mark Hoekstra
{"title":"The Effect of School and Neighborhood Peers on Achievement, Misbehavior, and Adult Crime","authors":"Stephen B. Billings, Mark Hoekstra","doi":"10.1086/720323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720323","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the importance of school and neighborhood peers in shaping educational achievement, adolescent misbehavior, and adult crime. Using cohort variation within Charlotte-Mecklenburg County, we focus on the impact of peers whose parents have been arrested, which is strongly and independently predictive of worse outcomes. Results indicate that a 5 percentage point increase in school peers linked to parental arrest reduces educational achievement by 0.016 standard deviations and increases adult arrest rates by 5%. Additional evidence indicates that peer effects are primarily driven by interactions in schools rather than in neighborhoods.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"643 - 685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43033882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Nevertheless She Persisted? Gender Peer Effects in Doctoral STEM Programs. 然而，她坚持?STEM博士项目中的性别同伴效应。
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/714921
Valerie K Bostwick, Bruce A Weinberg
{"title":"Nevertheless She Persisted? Gender Peer Effects in Doctoral STEM Programs.","authors":"Valerie K Bostwick,&nbsp;Bruce A Weinberg","doi":"10.1086/714921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We study the effects of peer gender composition in STEM doctoral programs on persistence and degree completion. Leveraging unique new data and quasi-random variation in gender composition across cohorts within programs, we show that women entering cohorts with no female peers are 11.7pp less likely to graduate within 6 years than their male counterparts. A 1 sd increase in the percentage of female students differentially increases women's probability of on-time graduation by 4.4pp. These gender peer effects function primarily through changes in the probability of dropping out in the first year of a Ph.D. program.</p>","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"40 2","pages":"397-436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/714921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9220701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
Rent Sharing within Firms 企业内部租金分担
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/718713
David D. Cho, A. Krueger
{"title":"Rent Sharing within Firms","authors":"David D. Cho, A. Krueger","doi":"10.1086/718713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718713","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the extent to which economic rents are shared among different types of workers within firms. We utilize administrative payroll records in order to estimate the elasticity of employee compensation with respect to the price of crude oil at petroleum extraction companies. We find that the elasticity of rent sharing is heterogeneous within firms and significantly higher for workers at the top of the earnings distribution. These results can be rationalized by a bargaining model in which insiders within a firm possess greater power to negotiate over wages.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"40 1","pages":"S17 - S38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46697638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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