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Explaining Recent Trends in US School Segregation 解释美国学校种族隔离的最新趋势
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.1086/718975
Gregorio Caetano, Vikram Maheshri
{"title":"Explaining Recent Trends in US School Segregation","authors":"Gregorio Caetano, Vikram Maheshri","doi":"10.1086/718975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718975","url":null,"abstract":"From 2002 to 2018, the fraction of minority-segregated public schools in the United States roughly doubled, but the fraction of White-segregated schools decreased at an even faster rate. Endogenous segregation fueled by parents choosing schools on the basis of their racial compositions can in principle dwarf all other determinants of segregation over time because of social multiplier effects. However, we find that demographic change from Hispanic immigration has been the biggest driver of these trends. These findings are particularly pronounced in urban areas, which experienced the largest changes in segregation and are where policy makers are most concerned about the pernicious effects of segregation.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45133183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
School Finance Equalization Increases Intergenerational Mobility 学校财政均衡增加代际流动
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.1086/718980
Barbara Biasi
{"title":"School Finance Equalization Increases Intergenerational Mobility","authors":"Barbara Biasi","doi":"10.1086/718980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718980","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates the causal effect of equalizing revenues across school districts on students’ intergenerational mobility. I exploit cohort differences in exposure to equalization generated by state-level reforms. To address the endogeneity of postreform revenues due to household sorting after a reform, I use a simulated-instruments approach that uses newly collected data on states’ funding formulas to simulate revenues without sorting. I find that equalization has a large effect on the mobility of low-income students. Reductions in input gaps between low-income and high-income districts are likely channels behind this effect.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49019820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Wage Posting or Wage Bargaining? A Test Using Dual Jobholders 工资公布还是工资谈判?使用双重职位的测试
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1086/718321
Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele Saggio, Stephen A. Woodbury
{"title":"Wage Posting or Wage Bargaining? A Test Using Dual Jobholders","authors":"Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele Saggio, Stephen A. Woodbury","doi":"10.1086/718321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718321","url":null,"abstract":"We employ a revealed preference test to distinguish between wage posting and wage bargaining. Using a sample of dual jobholders in Washington State, we estimate the sensitivity of wages and separation rates to wage shocks in a secondary job. In lower parts of the wage distribution, improvements in the outside option lead to higher separations rates but not to higher wages, consistent with wage posting. In the highest wage quartile, improved outside options translate to higher wages but not higher separation rates, consistent with bargaining. In the aggregate, bargaining appears to be a limited determinant of wage setting.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42893784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Reconciling Occupational Mobility in the Current Population Survey 调和现时人口调查中的职业流动
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1086/718563
Christian vom Lehn, Cache Ellsworth, Zachary Kroff
{"title":"Reconciling Occupational Mobility in the Current Population Survey","authors":"Christian vom Lehn, Cache Ellsworth, Zachary Kroff","doi":"10.1086/718563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718563","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring occupational mobility from the Current Population Survey using retrospective or longitudinal methods generates substantially different outcomes, in both levels and trends. Using a generalized method of moments technique, we estimate the level of occupational mobility and the measurement error in both of these measures for 1981–2018. We estimate that occupational mobility has been trending down, particularly since 2000, consistent with retrospective measures of occupational mobility. However, estimated mobility is 2–3 percentage points or 60%–70% higher than retrospective measures. Measurement error in longitudinal measures is large and has been worsening over time.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45149278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A Different Land of Opportunity: The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the Early Twentieth-Century United States 一片不同的机遇之地：20世纪初美国代际流动的地理位置
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1086/718595
Hui Ren Tan
{"title":"A Different Land of Opportunity: The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the Early Twentieth-Century United States","authors":"Hui Ren Tan","doi":"10.1086/718595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718595","url":null,"abstract":"Has the geography of intergenerational mobility in the United States changed over time? Constructing a large historical linked sample, I show that upward mobility in the early twentieth century was greater for those who grew up in the coastal and industrial regions, in contrast to more recent times, where mobility is higher among persons who were raised in the middle of the country. The historical patterns are not driven by imperfections in record linkage or measurement error in economic status.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47431670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
What Causes the Child Penalty? Evidence from Adopting and Same-Sex Couples 是什么导致了对儿童的惩罚?来自领养和同性伴侣的证据
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1086/718565
Martin Andresen, E. Nix
{"title":"What Causes the Child Penalty? Evidence from Adopting and Same-Sex Couples","authors":"Martin Andresen, E. Nix","doi":"10.1086/718565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718565","url":null,"abstract":"New parenthood causes large decreases in labor market incomes for mothers but not fathers, a stylized fact known as the “child penalty.” We combine a simple household model with estimates of child penalties in heterosexual nonadopting, adopting, and same-sex couples to better understand what causes the child penalty in heterosexual nonadopting couples. Our results largely rule out giving birth and the father’s advantage in the labor market as mechanisms, leaving preferences, gender norms, and discrimination as the main explanations. In addition, our paper provides novel evidence on the impact of children on labor market outcomes of adopting and same-sex couples.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46311411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Specialization, Comparative Advantage, and the Sexual Division of Labor 专业化、比较优势与性别分工
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.1086/718430
P. Siminski, Rhiannon Yetsenga
{"title":"Specialization, Comparative Advantage, and the Sexual Division of Labor","authors":"P. Siminski, Rhiannon Yetsenga","doi":"10.1086/718430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718430","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work situates gender norms as a key driver of the sexual division of labor. But the explanatory power of Becker’s comparative advantage explanation is still not well understood. Drawing on unique data, we test the predictions of a formal Beckerian model. We complement this by proposing and analyzing new measures of specialization. We show that comparative advantage plays little or no role in the sexual division of labor within couple households. Absolute advantage also plays no role in specialization for same-sex couples, and this is not explained by having fewer children.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41301757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Social Transfers and Spatial Distortions 社会转移与空间扭曲
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.21034/iwp.54
Mark Colas, Robert McDonough
{"title":"Social Transfers and Spatial Distortions","authors":"Mark Colas, Robert McDonough","doi":"10.21034/iwp.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21034/iwp.54","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46499552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Name Your Friends, but Only Five? The Importance of Censoring in Peer Effects Estimates Using Social Network Data 说出你的朋友，但只有五个?使用社会网络数据进行同伴效应评估时审查的重要性
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1086/717935
A. Griffith
{"title":"Name Your Friends, but Only Five? The Importance of Censoring in Peer Effects Estimates Using Social Network Data","authors":"A. Griffith","doi":"10.1086/717935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/717935","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical peer effects research often employs censored peer data. Individuals may list only a fixed number of links, implying mismeasured peer variables. I first document that censoring is widespread in network data. I then introduce an estimator and characterize its inconsistency analytically; an assumption on the ordering of peers implies that censoring causes attenuated peer effects estimates. Next, I demonstrate the effect of censoring in two data sets, showing that estimates with censored data underestimate peer influence. I discuss interpretation of estimates, propose methods for correction and bounding, and give implications for the design of network surveys.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41734415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
The Relative Effectiveness of Teachers and Learning Software: Evidence from a Field Experiment in El Salvador 教师和学习软件的相对有效性：来自萨尔瓦多实地实验的证据
IF 3.8 1区 经济学
Journal of Labor Economics Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1086/717727
K. Buechel, M. Jakob, Christoph Kuehnhanss, Daniel Steffen, A. Brunetti
{"title":"The Relative Effectiveness of Teachers and Learning Software: Evidence from a Field Experiment in El Salvador","authors":"K. Buechel, M. Jakob, Christoph Kuehnhanss, Daniel Steffen, A. Brunetti","doi":"10.1086/717727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/717727","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides evidence on the relative effectiveness of computer-assisted learning (CAL) software and traditional teaching. Based on a field experiment in Salvadoran primary schools, we evaluate three interventions that aim to improve learning in mathematics: (i) additional teacher-led classes, (ii) additional CAL classes monitored by a supervisor, and (iii) additional CAL classes instructed by a teacher. We find that CAL lessons lead to larger learning gains and are less sensitive to class size as well as student ability than teacher-centered classes. Our results highlight the value of CAL in an environment with heterogeneous classes and poorly qualified teachers.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45672707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
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