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On a mechanism that improves efficiency and reduces inequality in voluntary contribution games
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.011
Rod Falvey , Tom Lane , Shravan Luckraz
{"title":"On a mechanism that improves efficiency and reduces inequality in voluntary contribution games","authors":"Rod Falvey ,&nbsp;Tom Lane ,&nbsp;Shravan Luckraz","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider the class of linear voluntary contribution games under the general assumption of heterogeneous endowments. In this context, we generalize the Galbraith Mechanism (GM) and assess its performance relative to a fixed equal sharing allocation in both theory and experiments. Three main empirical results emerge. First, the GM raises average contributions significantly above those under an equal-shares allocation. Second, the GM simultaneously reduces income inequality as it improves efficiency. Third, a player's contribution and allocation behavior is sensitive to her position in the endowment distribution. In all their decision-making, agents consistently place greater emphasis on absolute contribution levels when they are rich, and on contribution ratios (contributions relative to endowments) when they are poor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"150 ","pages":"Pages 518-536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Occupational segregation in a Roy model with composition preferences
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.010
Haoning Chen, Miaomiao Dong, Marc Henry, Ivan Sidorov
{"title":"Occupational segregation in a Roy model with composition preferences","authors":"Haoning Chen,&nbsp;Miaomiao Dong,&nbsp;Marc Henry,&nbsp;Ivan Sidorov","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a model of labor market sector self-selection that combines comparative advantage, as in the Roy model, and sector composition preference. Two groups choose between two sectors based on heterogeneous potential incomes and group compositions in each sector. Potential incomes incorporate group specific human capital accumulation and wage discrimination. Composition preferences are interpreted as reflecting group specific amenity preferences as well as homophily and aversion to minority status. We show that occupational segregation is amplified by the composition preferences and we highlight a resulting tension between redistribution and diversity. The model also exhibits tipping from extreme compositions to more balanced ones. Tipping occurs when a small nudge, associated with affirmative action, pushes the system to a very different equilibrium, and when the set of equilibria changes abruptly when a parameter governing the relative importance of pecuniary and composition preferences crosses a threshold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"150 ","pages":"Pages 365-386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two-person bargaining when the disagreement point is private information
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.012
Eric van Damme , Xu Lang
{"title":"Two-person bargaining when the disagreement point is private information","authors":"Eric van Damme ,&nbsp;Xu Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider two-person bargaining problems in which (only) the disagreement payoffs are private information and it is common knowledge that disagreement is inefficient. We show that, in the NTU-case, if the Pareto frontier is linear, the players' interim utilities of an ex post efficient mechanism cannot depend on the disagreement payoffs. If the frontier is non-linear, the result continues to hold when the conflict payoffs are independent, or one player has at most two types. In the TU-case, a similar independence result holds for ex post efficient mechanisms that are individually rational, provided the players' budgets satisfy a certain condition. We discuss implications of these results for axiomatic bargaining theory, surplus extraction by an informed principal and egalitarian mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"150 ","pages":"Pages 387-400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimal contracts under interpersonal projection
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.009
Kimiyuki Morita , Akitoshi Muramoto , Takeharu Sogo
{"title":"Optimal contracts under interpersonal projection","authors":"Kimiyuki Morita ,&nbsp;Akitoshi Muramoto ,&nbsp;Takeharu Sogo","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study a moral hazard model where multiple agents exhibit <em>interpersonal projection bias</em>, perceiving their peers' production states as similar to their own. Each agent's production state is private information. We characterize optimal contracts with limited liability that induce effort from agents in a production state better than a given cutoff. When the cutoff is sufficiently low (high), <em>relative (resp. joint) performance evaluation</em> is optimal if individual outcomes are contractible despite the absence of common shocks and informational or technological externalities. By exploiting agents' biases, the principal reduces expected wages. However, if only joint outcomes are contractible, optimal wages may <em>increase</em> with the degree of projection bias.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"150 ","pages":"Pages 356-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143204383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strategic commitment to forgo information: Evidence from the lab
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.007
Emanuel Kandel , Yevgeny Mugerman , Eyal Winter
{"title":"Strategic commitment to forgo information: Evidence from the lab","authors":"Emanuel Kandel ,&nbsp;Yevgeny Mugerman ,&nbsp;Eyal Winter","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate subjects’ decisions to forgo costless information in interactive situations through laboratory experiments utilizing both within-subject and between-subjects designs. We created three strategic environments, each with two games: one environment with games of common interests, one with games of conflicting interests, and a third with one game of each type. In each environment, participants were paired and presented with the two games. They were then asked individually to choose whether or not to learn (at no cost) which game was being played. This choice was communicated to the other player before the actual game was played. Our results indicate that subjects understand the potential negative value of information in interactive contexts; specifically, they recognize that forgoing information can induce their counterpart to play more cooperatively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the observed tendency to forgo information aligns with the predictions of rational behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"150 ","pages":"Pages 401-414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foundation and identification of multi-attribute Shannon entropy
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.006
David Walker-Jones
{"title":"Foundation and identification of multi-attribute Shannon entropy","authors":"David Walker-Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By weakening Shannon's original axioms to allow for attributes of the choice environment to differ in their associated learning costs, this paper provides an axiomatic foundation for Multi-Attribute Shannon Entropy, a natural multi-parameter generalization of Shannon Entropy. Sufficient conditions are also provided for a simple dataset that provides a closed-form solution for the Multi-Attribute Shannon Entropy cost function for information by analyzing stochastic choice data produced by a rationally inattentive agent that is picking between pairs of options when relatively few states of the world have a positive probability of being realized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"150 ","pages":"Pages 334-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why do children pass in the centipede game? Cognitive limitations v. risk calculations
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.003
Isabelle Brocas , Juan D. Carrillo
{"title":"Why do children pass in the centipede game? Cognitive limitations v. risk calculations","authors":"Isabelle Brocas ,&nbsp;Juan D. Carrillo","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children and adolescents from 8 to 16 years old play the centipede game in the laboratory, where non-equilibrium behavior (passing) can occur for two reasons: an inability to backward induct (cognitive limitation) or a decision to best respond to the empirical risk and take a measured chance (behavioral sophistication). We find that logical abilities develop gradually. While young participants are (as expected) least likely to perform backward induction, those who do, tend to over-estimate the ability of their peers to behave similarly. With age, participants gradually learn to think strategically and to best respond to their beliefs about others. Overall, the centipede game is an ideal test case for studying the development of abilities, as it disentangles the causes for passing in young children and in teenagers. Interestingly, shrewdness does not transform into earnings, and we document for the first time a game of strategy where payoffs monotonically <em>decrease</em> with age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"150 ","pages":"Pages 295-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of perceived strength in the war of attrition
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.001
David P. Myatt
{"title":"The impact of perceived strength in the war of attrition","authors":"David P. Myatt","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a war of attrition a player's <em>perceived strength</em> is the distribution describing beliefs about her valuation. Small asymmetries in strength have a large effect: in the unique equilibrium of a game with a deadline the war ends quickly (instantly, as the deadline becomes infinite) with a concession by the (perceived) weaker player. The ranking of strength compares hazard rates in the upper tails of the distributions of beliefs; greater uncertainty about a player tends to give her more strength. The results also hold if techniques other than a deadline are used to obtain a unique equilibrium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"150 ","pages":"Pages 260-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Priority, solidarity, and egalitarianism in the capability approach
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.004
Inkee Jang , Biung-Ghi Ju
{"title":"Priority, solidarity, and egalitarianism in the capability approach","authors":"Inkee Jang ,&nbsp;Biung-Ghi Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine resource allocation in the context of the capability approach with multi-dimensional human functioning outputs. We aim to provide an egalitarian foundation for human development indices (HDIs) using <span><span>Parfit</span></span>'s (<span><span>1997</span></span>) priority principle, which says that when a person becomes more disabled, ceteris paribus, he should receive more resources. An HDI-egalitarian rule allocates resources in such a way that all individuals attain an equal HDI-index value. Using the priority principle or its variant, we provide axiomatic characterizations of the whole family of HDI-egalitarian rules, the weighted arithmetic mean HDI-egalitarian rules, and the weighted geometric mean HDI-egalitarian rules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"150 ","pages":"Pages 469-479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computing agents' reputation within a network
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.002
Federico Grigis , Sergio Ortobelli Lozza , Sebastiano Vitali
{"title":"Computing agents' reputation within a network","authors":"Federico Grigis ,&nbsp;Sergio Ortobelli Lozza ,&nbsp;Sebastiano Vitali","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a model of information transmission and reputation building within a social network that exploits portfolio theory and option structures. The network aims to estimate an unknown parameter through multiple communication rounds. At every communication round, estimates of different agents' abilities are shared, avoiding the repetition of information. These estimates are interpreted as financial assets driven by a compound Poisson process. After every communication round, agents construct a fictitious portfolio of options whose underlying is the vector of shared estimates. The portfolio's weights are exploited to aggregate the information received in the communication round. Sufficient conditions for reaching consensus or polarization are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"150 ","pages":"Pages 312-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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