{"title":"Justified-envy-minimal efficient mechanisms for priority-based matching","authors":"Hyukjun Kwon , Ran I. Shorrer","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study priority-based matching markets. We propose a novel partial order for comparing matching mechanisms in terms of their “fairness.” Using this order, we show that efficiency-adjusted deferred acceptance (EADA) is justified-envy minimal in the class of efficient mechanisms, while top trading cycles (TTC) and other popular mechanisms are not. Our findings highlight EADA as an interesting alternative to TTC in the context of transplantation-organ markets. Restricting attention to strategyproof mechanisms, we show that TTC is justified-envy minimal, providing robustness to the result of Abdulkadiroğlu et al. (2020).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 71-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bayesian inference for Quantal Response Equilibrium in normal-form games","authors":"James R. Bland","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2023.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2023.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper develops a framework for estimating Quantal Response Equilibrium models from experimental data using Bayesian techniques. Bayesian techniques offer some advantages over the more commonly-used maximum likelihood approach: (i) more favorable small-sample properties, and (ii) ease of handling unobservable heterogeneity. As Quantal Response Equilibrium is a non-linear model, I also discuss some issues with choosing appropriate priors.</div><div>Of the twenty-nine models taken to the data, the selected model assumes between-game heterogeneity in choice precision parameter <em>λ</em>, and some dispersion around the Quantal Response Equilibrium. Some implications of this model are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 619-636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An experimental study of prisoners' dilemma and stag hunt games played by teams of players","authors":"Jeongbin Kim , Thomas R. Palfrey","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We compare behavior in six variations of prisoners' dilemma and stag hunt games played by 5-member teams to behavior in the same games played by individuals. The experimental design<span> is informed by a theory of team equilibrium that generates hypotheses about systematic differences between teams and individuals in these games. We also compare three different team collective choice procedures: majority rule; majority rule preceded by a poll; and majority rule preceded by chat. In all six games, we observe significant bandwagon effects that drive consensus in the poll and chat treatments, but voting procedures have no significant effects on team decision frequencies except for the poll treatment of the stag hunt games. Surprisingly, teams do not always defect more than individuals. In prisoners' dilemma games with higher incentives to cooperate, teams cooperate more than individuals. A one-parameter logit specification of the team equilibrium model provides a good fit to the prisoners' dilemma data across all treatments. Teams coordinate more successfully than individuals in the stag hunt games. Additional data are gathered using Amazon Mechanical Turk, including data for much larger (25-member) teams. The observed MTurk behavior differs quantitatively from laboratory behavior, but with similar qualitative comparative statics.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 395-417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147538220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Equilibrium cycle: A “Dynamic” equilibrium","authors":"Tushar Shankar Walunj , Shiksha Singhal , Veeraruna Kavitha , Jayakrishnan Nair","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2026.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2026.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we introduce a novel equilibrium concept, called the equilibrium cycle, which seeks to capture the outcome of oscillatory game dynamics. Unlike the (pure) Nash equilibrium, which defines a fixed point of mutual best responses, an equilibrium cycle is a set-valued solution concept that can be demonstrated even in games where best responses do not exist (for example, in discontinuous games). The equilibrium cycle identifies a Cartesian product set of action profiles that satisfies three important properties: <em>stability</em> against external deviations, <em>instability</em> against internal deviations, and <em>minimality</em>. This set-valued equilibrium concept generalizes the classical notion of the minimal curb set to discontinuous games. In finite games, the equilibrium cycle is related to strongly connected sink components of the best response graph.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 286-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantal response equilibrium with a continuum of types: Characterization and nonparametric identification","authors":"Evan Friedman , Duarte Gonçalves","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Quantal response equilibrium (QRE), a statistical generalization of Nash equilibrium, is a standard benchmark in the analysis of experimental data. Despite its influence, nonparametric characterizations and tests of QRE are unavailable beyond the case of finite games. We address this gap by completely characterizing the set of QRE in a class of binary-action games with a continuum of types. Our characterization provides sharp predictions in settings such as global games, volunteer's dilemma, and the compromise game. Further, we leverage our results to develop nonparametric tests of QRE. As an empirical application, we revisit the experimental data from </span><span><span>Carrillo and Palfrey (2009)</span></span> on the compromise game.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 571-591"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147538215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Bredereck , Jiehua Chen , Dušan Knop , Junjie Luo , Rolf Niedermeier
{"title":"Adapting stable matchings to evolving preferences","authors":"Robert Bredereck , Jiehua Chen , Dušan Knop , Junjie Luo , Rolf Niedermeier","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2026.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2026.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adaptivity to changing environments and constraints is key to success in modern society. We address this principle by proposing “incrementalized versions” of <span>Stable Marriage</span> and <span>Stable Roommates</span>, asking what the computational cost is of adapting an existing stable matching after agents’ preferences have changed. We additionally require that the new stable matching should not deviate too much from the old one. After formalizing these incremental versions, we provide a comprehensive computational complexity landscape of <span>Incremental Stable Marriage</span> and <span>Incremental Stable Roommates</span>. To this end, we exploit the parameters “degree of change” in the input (difference between old and new preference profile) and in the output (difference between old and new stable matching). We obtain both hardness and tractability results. In particular, with ties in preferences, both problems remain computationally intractable even under minimal preference changes, whereas with strict preferences, both become (fixed-parameter) tractable, regardless of the extent of preference changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 322-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategy vs. direct-response method: evidence from a large online experiment on simple social dilemmas","authors":"Marcus Roel , Zhuoqiong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines behavioral differences in sequential games that arise when choices are elicited via the direct-response method, where players observe the choices made by those who acted earlier and respond with a single choice, or strategy method, where they make their choice(s) in response to all possible choices by those who acted before regardless of whether such actions were taken. We conducted a 2 × 2 between-subject large-scale online experiment with over 8000 participants on Amazon MTurk, manipulating both the elicitation method and participants’ ex-ante beliefs about player 1’s choices via an information-provision treatment. In neutrally framed binary-choice games, a sequential Prisoners’ Dilemma and a mini-Ultimatum Game, we document that the strategy method does not appear to alter player 2’s preferences, i.e., their tendency to reward cooperation or reject unfair offers. However, it reduces the tendency to reward defection and reject fair offers, which we interpret as a reduction in mistakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 153-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enrico Diecidue , Thomas Langer , Sven Nolte , Sebastian Riedmiller , Judith C. Schneider
{"title":"Timing and skewness of information revelation: Evidence on information structures and compound lotteries","authors":"Enrico Diecidue , Thomas Langer , Sven Nolte , Sebastian Riedmiller , Judith C. Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2026.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2026.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a series of three experiments, we investigate intrinsic preferences for timing and skewness of information resolution in a “compound lottery” (CL) and “information structure” (IS) environment. In the first experiment, we rule out predeterminedness of the outcome, i.e., realization before making the decision, as a driver of different timing preferences between the environments. In the second experiment, we show that skewness preferences in a two-outcome setting differ between the two environments. In the third comprehensive experiment, we integrate all three dimensions (timing, skewness, and environment) into a three-outcome setting, which allows a rigorous treatment of skewness. With respect to timing, participants prefer to receive information early in both environments. In case of a gradual resolution, participants strictly prefer positively skewed information in the IS environment, but symmetric information in the CL environment. Our results show that skewness and environment must be jointly taken into account when studying preferences for information resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 109-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantal response equilibrium and rationalizability: Inside the black box","authors":"Shuige Liu , Fabio Maccheroni","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to connect epistemic and behavioral game theory by examining the epistemic foundations of quantal response equilibrium (QRE) in static games. We focus on how much information agents possess about the probability distributions of idiosyncratic payoff shocks, in addition to the standard assumptions of rationality and common belief in rationality. When these distributions are transparent, we obtain a solution concept called <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>-rationalizability, which includes action distributions derived from QRE; we also give a condition under which this relationship holds true in reverse. When agents only have common belief in the monotonicity of these distributions (for example, extreme value distributions), we obtain another solution concept called <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>-rationalizability, which includes action distributions derived from rank-dependent choice equilibrium, a parameter-free variant of QRE. Our solution concepts also provide insights for interpreting experimental and empirical data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 496-515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electoral accountability in the lab","authors":"César Martinelli , Naila C. Sebastián Esandi","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a model of electoral accountability, and we test it in a lab setting. As predicted by the model, moral incentives and the desire for reelection interact to deter politicians from accepting bribes early in their careers. Treatments with weaker reelection incentives perform worse in encouraging good initial behavior among politicians, but are more effective in promoting good behavior later on. The probability of voter errors and politicians' intrinsic motivation for good behavior in the final period vary across treatments, with opportunistic behavior being more prevalent in environments with stronger electoral incentives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"157 ","pages":"Pages 480-495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147539086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}