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Games and Economic Behavior最新文献

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Towards data auctions with externalities 实现具有外部性的数据拍卖
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.008
{"title":"Towards data auctions with externalities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of data markets has gained importance as firms increasingly use machine learning models fueled by externally acquired training data. A key consideration is the externalities firms face when data, though inherently freely replicable, is allocated to competing firms. In this setting, we demonstrate that a data seller's optimal revenue increases as firms can pay to prevent allocations to others. To do so, we first reduce the combinatorial problem of allocating and pricing multiple datasets to the auction of a single digital good by modeling utility for data through the increase in prediction accuracy it provides. We then derive welfare and revenue maximizing mechanisms, highlighting how the form of firms' private information – whether the externalities one exerts on others is known, or vice-versa – affects the resulting structures. In all cases, under appropriate assumptions, the optimal allocation rule is a single threshold per firm, where either all data is allocated or none is.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Time for memorable consumption 值得纪念的消费时间
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.010
{"title":"Time for memorable consumption","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A consumption event is memorable if the memory of the event affects well-being at times after the material consumption, as originally introduced by <span><span>Gilboa et al. (2016)</span></span>. Our main contribution is to develop an axiomatic foundation of memorable consumption in a dynamic setting. Preferences are represented by the present value of the sum of utilities derived at each date from the current consumption and from recollecting the past. Our model accommodates well-known phenomena in psychology, such as the peak-end rule, duration neglect, and adaptation trends. We also provide foundations for a prominent special case of the representation with the Markovian property. The model is illustrated with applications in two different contexts: risk-taking behavior in a principal-agent problem and life-cycle consumption-savings decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Equilibria in matching markets with soft and hard liquidity constraints 具有流动性软约束和硬约束的匹配市场均衡点
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.014
{"title":"Equilibria in matching markets with soft and hard liquidity constraints","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider a one-to-one matching with contracts model in the presence of liquidity constraints on the buyer's side. Liquidity constraints can be either soft or hard. Competitive equilibria do exist in economies with soft liquidity constraints, but not necessarily in the presence of hard liquidity constraints. The limit of a convergent sequence of competitive equilibria in economies with increasingly stringent soft liquidity constraints may fail to be a competitive equilibrium in the limit economy with hard liquidity constraints. We establish equivalence and existence results for two alternative notions of competitive equilibrium, quantity-constrained competitive equilibrium and expectational equilibrium, together with stable outcomes and core outcomes, in economies with both types of liquidity constraints. We argue that these notions of equilibrium and stability do not suffer from discontinuity problems by showing appropriate limit results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ridge distributions and information design in simultaneous all-pay auction contests 同步全酬拍卖竞赛中的脊分布和信息设计
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.009
{"title":"Ridge distributions and information design in simultaneous all-pay auction contests","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two privately informed contestants compete in a contest, and the organizer ex-ante designs a public anonymous disclosure policy to maximize the contestants' total effort. We fully characterize ridge distributions, under which the organizer achieves the first-best outcome in equilibrium: the allocation is efficient, and the entire surplus goes to the organizer. When the prior is a mixture of a ridge distribution and a perfectly correlated distribution, the first-best outcome is achievable by a signal that solely generates ridge distributions as posteriors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robust dynamic contracts with multiple agents 有多个代理的稳健动态合同
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.012
{"title":"Robust dynamic contracts with multiple agents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We develop a continuous-time dynamic multi-agent contracting model in which the principal is unsure about the distributions of the project's terminal payoffs and worries about model misspecification. With model uncertainty, workers' wages depend on the outputs of other unrelated projects and the optimal contracts exhibit overdetermination. We demonstrate an inverse U-shaped relationship between the extent of overdetermination and group size. Moreover, model uncertainty induces wage compression, especially in small firms as the empirical evidence demonstrates. Finally, expanding the group size increases the average project value by mitigating the negative impacts of ambiguity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Commitment to the truth creates trust in market exchange: Experimental evidence 对真相的承诺在市场交换中产生信任：实验证据
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.011
{"title":"Commitment to the truth creates trust in market exchange: Experimental evidence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under incomplete contracts, the mutual belief in reciprocity facilitates how traders create value through economic exchange. Creating such beliefs among strangers can be challenging even when they are allowed to communicate, because communication is cheap. In this paper, we first extend the literature showing that a truth-telling oath increases honesty to a sequential trust game with pre-play, fixed-form, and cheap-talk communication. Our results confirm that the oath creates more trust and cooperative behavior thanks to an improvement in communication; but we also show that the oath induces selection into communication — it makes people more wary of using communication, precisely because communication speaks louder under oath. We next designed additional treatments featuring mild and deterrent fines for deception to measure the monetary equivalent of the non-monetary incentives implemented by a truth-telling oath. We find that the oath is behaviorally equivalent to mild fines. The deterrent fine induces the highest level of cooperation. Altogether, these results confirm that allowing for interactions under oath within a trust game with communication creates significantly more economic value than the identical exchange institutions without the oath.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognitive reflection in experimental anchored guessing games 实验锚定竞猜游戏中的认知反思
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.003
{"title":"Cognitive reflection in experimental anchored guessing games","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cognitive reflection test or CRT (<span><span>Frederick, 2005</span></span>) has been found to be a reliable predictor of the degree of strategic sophistication of subjects in a variety of laboratory experiments. These studies have found that subjects who score higher in the CRT make choices that are closer to Nash equilibrium (i.e., <span><span>Brañas-Garza et al., 2012</span></span>). In an extended level-<em>k</em> model with free subjective beliefs, we theoretically decompose the closeness to equilibrium for the class of anchored guessing games introduced in <span><span>Ballester et al. (2023)</span></span> into two effects: subjects with a smaller distance to equilibrium must possess a higher reasoning level in the level-<em>k</em> hierarchy or their level-<em>k</em> iteration process must begin from a starting point (called “seed”) that is inherently more advantageously positioned, which translates into the concept of “seed distance” (or both). Our main experimental finding is that subjects with a higher CRT score play closer to equilibrium due to the fact that they iterate more often in their reasoning process (as in <span><span>Brañas-Garza et al., 2012</span></span>), yet we find no clear evidence that they have a smaller seed distance. We also find evidence of a learning or adaptation process, which can be characterized by a warm-up phase (in which subjects reduce their seed distance), followed by a learning phase (in which they increase their reasoning level, at a faster rate in subjects with higher CRT) and then a saturation phase in which no further improvements are made.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Norms and the evolution of leaders' followership 规范与领导者追随者的演变
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.006
{"title":"Norms and the evolution of leaders' followership","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we model the interaction between leaders, their followers and crowd followers in a coordination game with local interaction. The steady states of a dynamic best-response process can feature a coexistence of Pareto-dominant and risk-dominant actions in the population. The existence of leaders and their followers, along with the local interaction, which leads to clustering, is crucial for the survival of the Pareto-dominant actions. The evolution of leader and crowd followership shows that leader followership can also be locally stable around Pareto-dominant leaders. The paper answers the questions of which leader should be removed and how to optimally place leaders in the network to enhance payoff-dominant play.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can threats improve payoffs from bargaining in markets with retaliations? Evidence from a field experiment 威胁能否改善报复市场中讨价还价的回报？来自现场实验的证据
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.002
{"title":"Can threats improve payoffs from bargaining in markets with retaliations? Evidence from a field experiment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence on the combined effects of threats and retaliations on bargainers' payoffs from actual marketplaces is scarce. We conduct a natural field experiment in a marketplace where buyers employ verbal threats to negotiate discounts, while sellers can covertly retaliate with fraudulent actions that may negatively affect buyers' payoffs. By varying the threat levels, we find that seller retaliations intensify as the threat level escalates, which more than offset any gains buyers make from negotiating discounts. Our finding highlights that in marketplaces where covert retaliations are feasible, the party employing threats in the bargaining process receives lower financial payoffs than in the absence of any threat, and the payoff declines with an increase in threat intensity. Our finding is particularly relevant for credence goods markets, where sellers may be inclined to intensify undertreatment in response to threats from buyers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Breaking bad: Malfunctioning control institutions erode good behavior in a cheating game 破坏：失灵的控制机构侵蚀了作弊游戏中的良好行为
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.005
{"title":"Breaking bad: Malfunctioning control institutions erode good behavior in a cheating game","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies whether malfunctioning (or unenforced) institutions erode good behavior. We use a large-scale online experiment, in which participants play a repeated observed cheating game. When we ask participants to report honestly and promise no control, we find low cheating rates. When control of truthful reporting is introduced, low cheating rates remain. In our main treatment with a malfunctioning institution, participants do not know whether they are in the treatment with or without control. In this treatment, participants who do not face control for some rounds start cheating significantly more often, reaching highest cheating rates. That is, a malfunctioning institution leads to more cheating than no institution at all, which indicates that the development of cheating behavior is endogenous to the institutions. Our findings suggest a novel negative effect of unenforced laws.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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