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A taste for variety 对变化的喜好
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.05.003
Galit Ashkenazi-Golan , Dominik Karos , Ehud Lehrer
{"title":"A taste for variety","authors":"Galit Ashkenazi-Golan ,&nbsp;Dominik Karos ,&nbsp;Ehud Lehrer","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A decision maker repeatedly chooses one of a finite set of actions. In each period, the decision maker's payoff depends on a fixed basic payoff of the chosen action and the frequency with which the action has been chosen in the past. We analyze optimal strategies associated with three types of evaluations of infinite payoffs: discounted present value, the limit inferior, and the limit superior of the partial averages. We show that when the first two are the evaluation schemes (and the discount factor is sufficiently high), a stationary strategy can achieve the best possible outcome. However, for the latter evaluation scheme, a stationary strategy can achieve the best outcome only if all actions that are chosen with strictly positive frequency by an optimal stationary strategy have the same basic payoff.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 396-422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The matching problem with linear transfers is equivalent to a hide-and-seek game 线性转移的匹配问题相当于一个捉迷藏的游戏
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.05.004
A. Galichon , A. Jacquet
{"title":"The matching problem with linear transfers is equivalent to a hide-and-seek game","authors":"A. Galichon ,&nbsp;A. Jacquet","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Matching problems with linearly transferable utility (LTU) generalize the well-studied transferable utility (TU) case by relaxing the assumption that utility is transferred one-for-one within matched pairs. We show that LTU matching problems can be reframed as nonzero-sum hide-and-seek games between two players, thus generalizing a result from <span><span>von Neumann</span></span>. The underlying linear programming structure of TU matching problems, however, is lost when moving to LTU. These results draw a new bridge between non-TU matching problems and the theory of bimatrix games, with consequences notably regarding the computation of stable outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 333-344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Upstream reciprocity in the battle of good vs evil 善恶之战中的上游互惠
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.013
Luis Avalos-Trujillo
{"title":"Upstream reciprocity in the battle of good vs evil","authors":"Luis Avalos-Trujillo","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Upstream reciprocity, known colloquially as “pay-it-forward”, is reciprocating an act of kindness to an unrelated third party. “Negative upstream reciprocity” means reciprocating an unkind act to an unrelated third party. The present research proposes an experimental test of upstream reciprocity and contrast between its two forms. Survey questions on trust and gratitude complement the study. Results show evidence of positive upstream reciprocity but against its negative counterpart. Subjects pay forward even after being helped by a computer, indicating that the effect is self-referential. Results extend psychological theories of gratitude by showing that gratitude functions as a “buffer” or “regulator” against the impact of help or harm in social interactions. Results align with the social interaction principles described by Adam Smith in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, informing our understanding of the observed behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 371-395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Endogenous limits on veto power in dynamic bargaining 动态议价中否决权的内生限制
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.014
Ravideep Sethi , Ewout Verriest
{"title":"Endogenous limits on veto power in dynamic bargaining","authors":"Ravideep Sethi ,&nbsp;Ewout Verriest","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider an infinitely repeated legislative bargaining model with a dynamically evolving status quo. Three players, one of whom is permanently endowed with veto power, must split a fixed budget in each period. Despite her additional power, the veto player cannot always asymptotically extract the full surplus. The non-veto players endogenously prevent each other's expropriation when they are patient and have high initial allocations in the unique stationary, symmetric, stage-undominated, coalition-proof Markov perfect equilibrium. Further, we show that veto power and higher recognition probability may be strategic substitutes rather than complements. We also provide an intuition behind selfish egalitarianism between non-veto players. Our technique of employing coalition-proofness and iteratively generating a new equilibrium with novel predictions sheds light on the divergence in recent literature on the value of veto power and may be useful in other environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 345-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The motivated memory of noise 对噪音的记忆
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.011
Jeanne Hagenbach , Nicolas Jacquemet , Philipp Sternal
{"title":"The motivated memory of noise","authors":"Jeanne Hagenbach ,&nbsp;Nicolas Jacquemet ,&nbsp;Philipp Sternal","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a two-stage experiment in which people receive feedback about their relative intelligence. This feedback is a noisy message reminded at every stage, so that subjects cannot forget this ego-relevant information. Instead, we exogenously vary whether the informativeness of the message is reminded in the second stage. We investigate how this treatment variation affects the informativeness reported by subjects, and their posterior beliefs about their intelligence. We show that subjects report informativeness in a self-serving way: subjects with negative messages report that these messages are significantly less informative in the absence of reminder than with it. We also show that the lack of reminder about message informativeness allows subjects to keep a better image of themselves. These results are confirmed by complementary treatments in which we decrease messages informativeness: subjects tend to inflate the informativeness of positive messages that should now be interpreted as bad news.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 257-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Matching with transfers under distributional constraints 分配约束下的转移匹配
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.05.002
Devansh Jalota, Michael Ostrovsky, Marco Pavone
{"title":"Matching with transfers under distributional constraints","authors":"Devansh Jalota,&nbsp;Michael Ostrovsky,&nbsp;Marco Pavone","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study two-sided many-to-one matching markets with transferable utilities in which money can exchange hands between matched agents, subject to distributional constraints on the set of feasible allocations. In such markets, we establish that equilibrium arrangements are surplus-maximizing and study the conditions on the distributional constraints under which equilibria exist and can be computed efficiently when agents have linear preferences. Our main result is a linear programming duality method to efficiently compute equilibrium arrangements under sufficient conditions on the constraint structure guaranteeing equilibrium existence. This linear programming approach provides a method to compute market equilibria in polynomial time in the number of firms, workers, and the cardinality of the constraint set.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 313-332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Iterated exclusion of implausible types in signaling games 在信号游戏中反复排除不合理的类型
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.05.001
Francesc Dilmé
{"title":"Iterated exclusion of implausible types in signaling games","authors":"Francesc Dilmé","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Cho and Kreps (1987)</span></span> proposed a series of criteria for selecting equilibria in signaling games. Their procedure for applying each criterion was to identify all implausible sender types associated with a given off-path message, then look for sequential equilibria assigning probability zero to every implausible type. This paper provides a systematic study of iterated applications of <span><span>Cho and Kreps (1987)</span></span> criteria—where in each round, one excludes the additional types that become implausible because given the previously excluded types—, some of which have been proposed in different forms in the literature. Importantly, we show that the iterated exclusion of implausible types selects the same equilibria independently of the exclusion order, and, as a result, it is stronger yet more flexible and often easier to implement than the corresponding criterion. We prove that sequentially stable outcomes (<span><span>Dilmé, 2024</span></span>), which exist in all finite signaling games, pass all iterated exclusion procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 293-312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incentives, self-selection, and coordination of motivated agents for the production of social goods 社会产品生产的激励、自我选择和激励主体的协调
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.010
Kevin Bauer, Michael Kosfeld, Ferdinand A. von Siemens
{"title":"Incentives, self-selection, and coordination of motivated agents for the production of social goods","authors":"Kevin Bauer,&nbsp;Michael Kosfeld,&nbsp;Ferdinand A. von Siemens","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study, theoretically and empirically, the effect of incentives on the self-selection and coordination of motivated agents to produce “social” goods in the presence of positive effort complementarities. Theory predicts that lowering incentives increases social-good production via the self-selection and coordination of motivated agents into low-incentive work environments. We test this prediction in a novel lab experiment that allows us to isolate the effect of self-selection cleanly. Results show that social-good production more than doubles if incentives are low, but only if self-selection is possible. The analysis identifies a crucial role of incentives in the matching and coordination of motivated agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 276-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strategy-proof preference aggregation and the anonymity-neutrality tradeoff 防策略偏好聚合和匿名中立性权衡
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.015
Stergios Athanasoglou , Somouaoga Bonkoungou , Lars Ehlers
{"title":"Strategy-proof preference aggregation and the anonymity-neutrality tradeoff","authors":"Stergios Athanasoglou ,&nbsp;Somouaoga Bonkoungou ,&nbsp;Lars Ehlers","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consider a setting in which individual strict preferences need to be aggregated into a social strict preference relation. For two alternatives and an odd number of agents, it follows from May's Theorem that the majority aggregation rule is the only one satisfying anonymity, neutrality and strategy-proofness (SP). For more than two alternatives, anonymity and neutrality are incompatible for many problem instances and we explore this tradeoff for strategy-proof rules. The notion of SP that we employ is Kemeny-SP (K-SP), which is based on the Kemeny distance between social orderings and strengthens previously used concepts in an intuitive manner. Dropping anonymity and keeping neutrality, we identify and analyze the first known nontrivial family of K-SP rules, namely semi-dictator rules. For two agents, semi-dictator rules are characterized by strong unanimity, neutrality and K-SP. For an arbitrary number of agents, we generalize semi-dictator rules to allow for committees and show that they retain their desirable properties. Dropping neutrality and keeping anonymity, we establish possibility results for three alternatives. We provide a computer-aided solution to the existence of a strongly unanimous, anonymous and K-SP rule for two agents and four alternatives. Finally, we show that there is no K-SP and anonymous rule which always chooses one of the agents' preferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 216-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conditional cooperation under uncertainty: The social description-experience gap 不确定条件下的合作：社会描述-经验差距
IF 1 3区 经济学
Games and Economic Behavior Pub Date : 2025-05-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.012
Orestis Kopsacheilis , Dennie van Dolder , Ozan Isler
{"title":"Conditional cooperation under uncertainty: The social description-experience gap","authors":"Orestis Kopsacheilis ,&nbsp;Dennie van Dolder ,&nbsp;Ozan Isler","doi":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geb.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conditional cooperation is typically studied in experimental settings where the behavior of others is known to subjects. In this study, we examine conditional cooperation under uncertainty. Using a novel experimental design, we exogenously manipulate the likelihood that a subject's partner in a Prisoner's Dilemma will cooperate. Information about the partner's cooperation is either presented descriptively or learned through experiential sampling. We observe a description-experience gap: subjects are more likely to cooperate under experience than under description when their partner's probability of cooperation is low, while the opposite holds when it is 50% or higher. This result contrasts with expectations deriving from the individual choice literature, where rare events are typically underweighted in experience-based decisions. We find that the gap we observe is driven by conditional cooperators being less responsive to social information acquired experientially than to that acquired descriptively. Furthermore, we show that stronger priors held by subjects under social uncertainty compared to individual uncertainty can account for the disparity with the individual choice literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48291,"journal":{"name":"Games and Economic Behavior","volume":"152 ","pages":"Pages 241-256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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