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Clinical Override Use With the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: Predictive Validity and Factors Associated With Case Management Use 临床覆盖使用与青年水平的服务/病例管理库存:预测有效性和与病例管理使用相关的因素
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208206
Fred Schmidt, Amy Killen, Dilys Haner, Elaine Toombs
{"title":"Clinical Override Use With the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: Predictive Validity and Factors Associated With Case Management Use","authors":"Fred Schmidt, Amy Killen, Dilys Haner, Elaine Toombs","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208206","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical discretion by youth probation officers to override the actuarial risk assessment classification on the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) is an important feature of case management practices. In a sample of 1,259 youth, the impact of clinical override on the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI and factors associated with override use were studied. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, the YLS/CMI demonstrated large effect size predictive validity values for general recidivism. Override occurred with 10.8% of youth and was more likely to be used with younger youth who had a sexual or violent index offense or those at the upper end of the moderate risk level. For youth where override was used, the YLS/CMI predictive validity became non-significant and fell to chance levels. The implications of these findings for field case management use, training, and probation officer decision-making practices are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"264 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral Injury as a Transdiagnostic Risk Factor for Mental Health Problems in Detained Youth 道德伤害是拘留青少年心理健康问题的跨诊断风险因素
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208203
Ava R. Alexander, Lucybel Mendez, Patricia K. Kerig
{"title":"Moral Injury as a Transdiagnostic Risk Factor for Mental Health Problems in Detained Youth","authors":"Ava R. Alexander, Lucybel Mendez, Patricia K. Kerig","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208203","url":null,"abstract":"Youth who become involved in the juvenile justice system are at highly elevated risk for many emotional and behavioral problems. Past research has often focused on trauma exposure as a transdiagnostic risk factor in this population. However, distress resulting from perpetrating or witnessing acts that conflict with one’s deeply held moral beliefs, termed moral injury, may also play a role in predisposing these youth toward negative mental health outcomes. This study utilized a sample of 96 youth housed in secure detention centers and tested associations between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and mental health outcomes, including anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). After controlling for trauma exposure and demographic variables, PMIEs were significantly and positively associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as engagement in NSSI. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"19 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135272580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining the Effects of Juvenile Drug Treatment Courts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 检验青少年戒毒法庭的效果:系统回顾与元分析
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208208
Emily E. Tanner-Smith, Frank Mojekwu, Lauren Frankel
{"title":"Examining the Effects of Juvenile Drug Treatment Courts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Emily E. Tanner-Smith, Frank Mojekwu, Lauren Frankel","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208208","url":null,"abstract":"We meta-analytically examined program graduation rates among juvenile drug treatment court (JDTC) participants, the effects of JDTCs on recidivism and substance use outcomes, and the variability in these effects. We systematically searched for controlled evaluations examining the effects of U.S.-based JDTCs relative to traditional juvenile adjudication and used mixed-effects meta-regressions with robust variance estimates. We identified 55 eligible samples (providing data from 12,310 participants); the overall certainty of evidence was low or very low. The average graduation rate among JDTC participants was 54.74% (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.50, 0.59]). JDTCs had modest beneficial effects on general recidivism assessed during court supervision (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% CI [1.03, 1.84]) but these effects did not persist after program completion. Correlational analyses suggest JDTCs may be effective when program enrollment and service provision are better tailored to youth’s treatment needs. However, due partly to implementation failures, JDTCs may have minimal to no effects on postprogram recidivism.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"36 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135272683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The CPORT and Risk Matrix 2000 for Men Convicted of Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) Offenses: A Predictive Accuracy Comparison and Meta-Analysis 对儿童性剥削材料(CSEM)犯罪的男性定罪的CPORT和风险矩阵2000:预测准确性比较和元分析
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208194
L. Maaike Helmus, Angela W. Eke, Linda Farmus, Michael C. Seto
{"title":"The CPORT and Risk Matrix 2000 for Men Convicted of Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) Offenses: A Predictive Accuracy Comparison and Meta-Analysis","authors":"L. Maaike Helmus, Angela W. Eke, Linda Farmus, Michael C. Seto","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208194","url":null,"abstract":"There is demand for valid risk assessment of individuals with child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) offenses. We compared the predictive performance of the Risk Matrix 2000/Sex (RM2000/S) and the Child Pornography Offender Risk Tool (CPORT) among 365 men convicted of CSEM offenses. In fixed 5-year follow-up analyses, the CPORT (area under the curve [AUC] = .73) had significantly higher predictive accuracy than the RM2000/S (AUC = .66) for any sexual recidivism. The predictive difference for CSEM recidivism was not statistically significant. A meta-analysis found the CPORT had large effects in predicting sexual recidivism (AUC = .75) and moderate accuracy for CSEM recidivism (AUCs = .65 and .66), while the RM2000/S had moderate accuracy in predicting any sexual recidivism (AUC = .66; insufficient studies of CSEM recidivism). Results suggest a tool developed specifically for CSEM offending, such as CPORT, may perform better at predicting any sexual recidivism than adapting a general sexual offending risk tool.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"22 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135272574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oregon’s Transitional Leave Program and Recidivism 俄勒冈州的过渡休假计划和累犯
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208192
Mark G. Leymon, Christopher M. Campbell, Kris Henning
{"title":"Oregon’s Transitional Leave Program and Recidivism","authors":"Mark G. Leymon, Christopher M. Campbell, Kris Henning","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208192","url":null,"abstract":"The State of Oregon has operated an early prison release program called Short-Term Transitional Leave (STTL) since 1989. The program was designed to improve prison releasee reentry planning and reintegration in the community. In the last 10 years, Oregon expanded STTL several times, with individuals now being released up to 120 days early. We assessed whether differences in recidivism existed between STTL and those completing their planned sentence and if the length of their leave is associated with differential recidivism. We used propensity-score matching (PSM) to create quasi-experimental models. The results indicate no appreciable observed associations between STTL and rearrest, reconviction, or reincarceration. However, there were higher rates of technical violations among STTL participants, especially for those with the longest release time.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"50 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Great Expectations: The Importance of Procedural Justice and Parenting for Perceptions of Success Among Youth on Probation 伟大的期望:程序正义和父母对缓刑青少年成功观念的重要性
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231206837
Adam D. Fine, Rebecca L. Fix, Juan Del Toro, Dylan B. Jackson
{"title":"Great Expectations: The Importance of Procedural Justice and Parenting for Perceptions of Success Among Youth on Probation","authors":"Adam D. Fine, Rebecca L. Fix, Juan Del Toro, Dylan B. Jackson","doi":"10.1177/00938548231206837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231206837","url":null,"abstract":"Juvenile probation can be a critical inflection point. As such, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are interested in enhancing youths’ success on probation, especially pertaining to reducing recidivism and promoting their success in education and employment. Informed by the risk–need–responsivity framework, the present study examined how theoretically derived familial/peer (e.g., social bonds, parental monitoring), societal/community (e.g., labeling theory), and individual-level (e.g., impulsivity, procedural justice) factors were associated with youths’ expectations for success on probation as well as more general life course outcomes. Within samples of youth starting probation ( N = 301) and 6 months into probation ( N = 253), we combined cross-sectional data from the jurisdiction’s risk/needs tool with a self-reported survey from youth. Youths’ perceptions of parental monitoring and procedural justice were consistently associated with their self-expectations for completing probation. However, for more general life course success, only perceptions of parental monitoring promoted self-expectations. Implications for theory, policy, and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"72 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engaging First Nations Australians in Correctional Treatment: The Perspectives of Program Recipients and Facilitators 参与澳大利亚原住民的矫正治疗:项目接受者和促进者的观点
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231207059
Meaghan Trudgett, Andrew Mcgrath, Bianca Spaccavento
{"title":"Engaging First Nations Australians in Correctional Treatment: The Perspectives of Program Recipients and Facilitators","authors":"Meaghan Trudgett, Andrew Mcgrath, Bianca Spaccavento","doi":"10.1177/00938548231207059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231207059","url":null,"abstract":"Developing and delivering effective rehabilitation programs that meet the specific needs of First Nations people and overcome barriers to engagement has been suggested as a way to address the overrepresentation of First Nations Australians in the correctional system. This project used a critical realist epistemology to understand perceptions of First Nations people participating in rehabilitation programs to contribute to improvements in treatment responsivity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five First Nations people serving community-based orders and five First Nations Program Facilitators. The data were analyzed thematically. Four overarching themes emerged: (a) the importance of culture and colonization, (b) intrinsic motivation to change, (c) communication and language: the role of the First Nations facilitator, and (d) connection: life after jail. These findings highlight the need for cultural healing as a crucial factor for programs aimed at First Nations Australians.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136067868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in Risk Profiles: Latent Transition Analysis of Youth on Probation 风险概况的变化:缓刑青少年的潜在转变分析
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231206537
JoAnn S. Lee, Carl E. Appleton, Olivia K. Stuart
{"title":"Changes in Risk Profiles: Latent Transition Analysis of Youth on Probation","authors":"JoAnn S. Lee, Carl E. Appleton, Olivia K. Stuart","doi":"10.1177/00938548231206537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231206537","url":null,"abstract":"We use a person-centered approach to examine how patterns of risk and protective factors can change among youth on probation ( N = 7,024). Data were collected using the Youth Assessment and Screening Instrument. We used latent transition analysis to identify distinct subgroups at intake and exit; estimated probabilities of moving between groups; and examined recidivism rates. We selected the model with five groups and found that the groups at intake and exit were similar. We characterized the groups in order of declining risk: Highest Risk, Social Drug Risk, Individual Risk, Drug Risk, and Low Risk. Youth were most likely to move out of the Highest Risk group and most likely to stay in the two lowest risk groups. Common transitions yielded improved recidivism rates. This knowledge can inform case plans that will increase young people’s likelihood of moving into a lower risk group, thereby improving recidivism rates.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Imposition of Pretrial Conditions on Released Federal Defendants: The Overuse of Conditions Without Providing Any Measurable Benefits 对被释放的联邦被告施加审前条件:在没有提供任何可衡量的好处的情况下过度使用条件
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231206829
Thomas H. Cohen, William Hicks
{"title":"The Imposition of Pretrial Conditions on Released Federal Defendants: The Overuse of Conditions Without Providing Any Measurable Benefits","authors":"Thomas H. Cohen, William Hicks","doi":"10.1177/00938548231206829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231206829","url":null,"abstract":"In the federal system, defendants placed on pretrial release may have multiple conditions imposed on them which are aimed at ensuring court appearances and maintaining public safety. In general, little is known about the number of conditions imposed on released federal defendants, the extent to which conditions are associated with pretrial risk, and the potential of these conditions to maximize court appearances and minimize pretrial crime. This study seeks to address these issues by examining the imposition of pretrial conditions on 223,260 released federal defendants. The results show that defendants received an average of about nine conditions and that the association between conditions and a defendant’s pretrial risk classification was relatively modest. The results also show conditions having no significant relationship with reductions in the likelihood of pretrial crime or missed court appearances; however, the probability of being revoked increases with the number of conditions imposed.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“That’s Not Rehabilitation, That’s Enabling”: Correctional Officer Perspectives on the Prison Needle Exchange Program “那不是改造，那是使能”:狱警对监狱针头交换计划的看法
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231207065
Matthew S. Johnston, Rosemary Ricciardelli, Cindy Whitten
{"title":"“That’s Not Rehabilitation, That’s Enabling”: Correctional Officer Perspectives on the Prison Needle Exchange Program","authors":"Matthew S. Johnston, Rosemary Ricciardelli, Cindy Whitten","doi":"10.1177/00938548231207065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231207065","url":null,"abstract":"Correctional Service Canada implemented Prison Needle Exchange Programs (PNEPs) into federal penitentiaries in 2018 as a harm reduction measure to prevent needle sharing, drug overdose, and limit the spread of infectious disease. However, studies demonstrate how staff resistance hinders the growth of these programs within Canadian prisons. Drawing on interview data produced by 134 federally employed and relatively new correctional officers in Canada, the current study analyzes officers’ levels of support and (more often) opposition to PNEP. Results indicate that, predominantly, staff opposition to PNEP is rooted in safety concerns, a perceived lack of evidence of PNEP’s benefits, and fears the program is not promoting recovery and rehabilitation. By increasing the prevalence of needles in cells, officers report concern of overdose or potential weaponization of needles. Our study informs policy discussions around harm reduction measures in prisons to better promote institutional safety, public health, and nonstigmatized approaches to substance use.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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