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Assessment of Strengths in Criminal Justice System-Impacted Youth: A Retrospective Validation Study of the SAPROF-YV. 刑事司法系统影响青少年的优势评估:saprofi - yv的回顾性验证研究。
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231165286
Sonia Finseth, Michele Peterson-Badali, Shelley L Brown, Tracey A Skilling
{"title":"Assessment of Strengths in Criminal Justice System-Impacted Youth: A Retrospective Validation Study of the SAPROF-YV.","authors":"Sonia Finseth,&nbsp;Michele Peterson-Badali,&nbsp;Shelley L Brown,&nbsp;Tracey A Skilling","doi":"10.1177/00938548231165286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231165286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk-Youth Version (SAPROF-YV; de Vries Robbé et al., 2015) was designed specifically to assess strengths as a complement to risk assessment tools. We retrospectively examined its reliability and validity in 305 Canadian community-sentenced youth, both in the overall sample and in male and female, and Black and White, subgroups. In all groups, the total score had strong internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and convergent validity, and significantly predicted general recidivism at 3-year fixed follow-up. The SAPROF-YV showed incremental validity over the YLS/CMI only in Black youth. In the total sample, a moderation effect was identified whereby strengths were protective at lower levels of risk but not for moderate or high risk youth. The SAPROF-YV shows promising reliability and validity; however, more research is needed before clear guidance can be provided regarding the use of this measure in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"50 7","pages":"953-975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b2/b2/10.1177_00938548231165286.PMC10265291.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10663666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-Control and Delinquency in China: Examining the Mediating Role of Thoughtfully Reflective Decision Making 自我控制与中国青少年犯罪:反思决策的中介作用研究
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231180632
Xia Wang, M. Gricius, Wenrui Zhang
{"title":"Self-Control and Delinquency in China: Examining the Mediating Role of Thoughtfully Reflective Decision Making","authors":"Xia Wang, M. Gricius, Wenrui Zhang","doi":"10.1177/00938548231180632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231180632","url":null,"abstract":"Since Gottfredson and Hirschi proposed the general theory of crime, the direct link between self-control and delinquency has gained strong empirical support. The indirect link, however, remains understudied. Meanwhile, although Gottfredson and Hirschi argued that self-control theory can be applied in all cultural contexts, its generalizability needs to be tested under different circumstances. This study addressed these gaps by assessing the relationship between self-control and delinquency in China and introducing thoughtfully reflective decision making (TRDM) as the mediator of this relationship. Using self-reported data from the city of Changzhi, China, this study finds that (a) self-control is closely related to TRDM, (b) low self-control is significantly related to general and property delinquency for those with low morality, and (c) TRDM mediates the relationship between low self-control and delinquency for those with low morality. We discuss these findings and their implications for theory, research, and policy.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":"1456 - 1481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46161370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
El Amigo y El Esé: Stereotyping of the “Criminal Immigrant” El Amigo与El es<s:1>:对“犯罪移民”的刻板印象
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231180631
Krystlelynn Caraballo, Volkan Topalli
{"title":"El Amigo y El Esé: Stereotyping of the “Criminal Immigrant”","authors":"Krystlelynn Caraballo, Volkan Topalli","doi":"10.1177/00938548231180631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231180631","url":null,"abstract":"The criminal immigrant narrative (CIN) is the embodiment of stereotypes suggesting that foreign nationals are engaged in crime. Research has documented how this narrative has influenced discourse, policies, and enforcement, but none to date has addressed how the CIN affects the stereotyping and interactions of crime-involved individuals with those deemed “immigrants.” This study draws from in-depth, semi-structured interviews of 25 individuals actively engaged in street crime from Atlanta, Georgia, to understand their beliefs regarding immigration, stereotyping of “immigrants,” and their interactions with perceived immigrants, including targeting. Our findings suggest that interviewees’ stereotypes of immigrants and their ascribed attributes are based on perceived nationality, nativity, documentation status, work ethic, criminality, and prior interactions with foreign nationals. Participants demonstrated an understanding of immigration policies from media and political rhetoric. This understanding influenced the stereotyping of immigrants as “illegal” or “doing illegal things,” shaping participants’ views of foreign nationals as vulnerable or dangerous.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":"1482 - 1505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48812500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drivers of Probation Revocation in Pulaski County, Arkansas 阿肯色州普拉斯基县撤销缓刑的司机
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231177701
Mofan Gu, R. Stone, Femina P. Varghese, Heath Braziel, Logan R Snyder, N. Zaller
{"title":"Drivers of Probation Revocation in Pulaski County, Arkansas","authors":"Mofan Gu, R. Stone, Femina P. Varghese, Heath Braziel, Logan R Snyder, N. Zaller","doi":"10.1177/00938548231177701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231177701","url":null,"abstract":"Probation has received relatively little research attention. In this exploratory two-study inquiry, we first analyzed quantitative data to identify factors driving probation revocation in Pulaski County, Arkansas, among 10,260 individuals (mostly male and African American) between 2015 and 2019 (Study 1). We found individuals with felony histories were significantly more likely to be revoked (aOR 17.2 for one or two convictions; aOR 25.1 for three or more convictions). Other predictors include lower education, younger age at first sentence, unemployment, and substance use. In Study 2, we conducted 20 in-depth qualitative interviews with 12 key stakeholders and 8 individuals with probation experience. We found that client financial instability, substance use and mental health disorders, stakeholder risk avoidance, officer caseload, and lack of accessible resources/services contributed to probation revocation. We conclude with recommendations for changes to probation policy and practice, including officer training, alternatives to incarceration, service expansion, and community engagement.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":"1405 - 1426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48084207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pretrial Decision-Making Matrices: The Role of Risk and Charge Weighting in Risk Assessment–Guided Decisions 审前决策矩阵：风险和费用权重在风险评估中的作用——指导决策
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-17 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231177709
E. Lowder, Zainab Bakarr Kamara, Autumn Kent
{"title":"Pretrial Decision-Making Matrices: The Role of Risk and Charge Weighting in Risk Assessment–Guided Decisions","authors":"E. Lowder, Zainab Bakarr Kamara, Autumn Kent","doi":"10.1177/00938548231177709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231177709","url":null,"abstract":"Pretrial risk assessments are used in local pretrial settings to inform release and supervision decisions. Yet, there is little research on the implementation of pretrial risk assessments in practice. We examined the characteristics of pretrial decision-making matrices in a statewide sample of counties using the same risk assessment tool. We procured pretrial decision-making matrices from 29 Indiana counties that had received or were in the process of receiving pretrial certification (88.6% response rate). Using a structured coding protocol, we found matrices shared common features but differed in their structure and available release and supervision options. Matrices weighted index charge information more heavily than risk assessment information, suggesting risk assessments likely explain between 20% and 36% of variability in decisions given typical rates of judicial adherence. Local decision-makers should be aware that structuring matrices to weight charge information more heavily than risk assessment information may limit the risk management potential of these tools.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":"1279 - 1298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49462880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Testing the Target Congruence Approach: Do Vulnerability, Gratifiability, and Antagonism Explain Cyberstalking Victimization Among Young Adults? 测试目标一致性方法：脆弱性、可满足性和对抗性能解释年轻人的网络跟踪受害者吗？
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-17 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231180636
Erica R. Fissel, B. Fisher, P. Wilcox
{"title":"Testing the Target Congruence Approach: Do Vulnerability, Gratifiability, and Antagonism Explain Cyberstalking Victimization Among Young Adults?","authors":"Erica R. Fissel, B. Fisher, P. Wilcox","doi":"10.1177/00938548231180636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231180636","url":null,"abstract":"To extend theoretical understanding of cyberspace victimization beyond lifestyle-routine activity theory, we tested the target congruence approach as a plausible explanation for cyberstalking victimization. Of secondary interest, we assessed whether the relationship between target congruence and cyberstalking victimization differs by pursued–pursuer relationship. Survey data from a sample of 1,500 young adults (18–25 years old) revealed 32% had experienced cyberstalking victimization within the previous year. Logistic regression results moderately support the target congruence approach. Measures capturing target vulnerability (e.g., age, disability), target gratifiability (e.g., gender identity, types of photos posted), and target antagonism (e.g., relationship status, cyberstalking perpetration) significantly predicted cyberstalking victimization. Moreover, it appears that the target congruence elements better explain cyberstalking victimization conducted by someone known to the target (compared with a stranger). Implications for the applicability of the target congruence approach are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":"1380 - 1404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45809088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Occupational Hazards in Corrections: The Impact of Violence and Suicide Exposures on Officers’ Emotional and Psychological Health 教养中的职业危害:暴力和自杀暴露对警官情绪和心理健康的影响
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231177710
Stacie St. Louis, Natasha A. Frost, Carlos E. Monteiro, Jessica Trapassi Migliaccio
{"title":"Occupational Hazards in Corrections: The Impact of Violence and Suicide Exposures on Officers’ Emotional and Psychological Health","authors":"Stacie St. Louis, Natasha A. Frost, Carlos E. Monteiro, Jessica Trapassi Migliaccio","doi":"10.1177/00938548231177710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231177710","url":null,"abstract":"Correction officers work in an occupational context where they are often exposed to violence; however, prior research assessing the relationship between violence exposure and officers’ mental health has been limited. The current study sought to better understand the impact of direct and indirect exposure to violence and suicide on psychological health outcomes. Analyzing data from a random sample of 317 correction officers in Massachusetts, findings indicate that personally knowing other officers who died by suicide is associated with greater anger, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Increased strain-based work–family conflict and departmental discipline were also associated with elevated symptomatology. However, other types of violence exposures, including being assaulted, witnessing staff assaults, and suicides among the incarcerated population, did not predict any outcomes. Furthermore, family support did not serve as a stress buffer for officers exposed to violence, but higher levels of family support were associated with decreased PTSD.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":"1361 - 1379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43245827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Financial Problems and Debt as Predictive Factors for Recidivism 金融问题与债务作为累犯的预测因素
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231177708
G. V. Beek, V. de Vogel, D. Mheen
{"title":"Financial Problems and Debt as Predictive Factors for Recidivism","authors":"G. V. Beek, V. de Vogel, D. Mheen","doi":"10.1177/00938548231177708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231177708","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the unique predictive validity of debt regarding recidivism and what elements are specifically predictive. This was done based on a Dutch sample of 250 people on probation using an explorative research tool, the Finances, Debt, and Offending Scale (FDOS). Cox survival regression and receiver operating characteristics analyses were conducted on the total FDOS and its individual items as predictors and diverse recidivism criteria. The average follow-up duration was 5.41 years. The results show that debt moderately predicts recidivism (adjusted for other predictors). The FDOS significantly predicted recidivism on all three levels of severity, and regarding the type of crime, it predicted recidivism in property and drug-related crime. Earlier debt and probation officers’ indications of whether finances are criminogenic were especially predictive. These insights may help frontline service providers better understand the role of finances in recidivism, measure financial problems in risk assessment, and select interventions.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":"1341 - 1360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46268361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pretrial Risk Assessment, Release Recommendations, and Racial Bias 审前风险评估、释放建议和种族偏见
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231174908
Samantha A. Zottola, Sarah L. Desmarais, D. K. Stewart, Sarah E. Duhart Clarke, J. Monahan
{"title":"Pretrial Risk Assessment, Release Recommendations, and Racial Bias","authors":"Samantha A. Zottola, Sarah L. Desmarais, D. K. Stewart, Sarah E. Duhart Clarke, J. Monahan","doi":"10.1177/00938548231174908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231174908","url":null,"abstract":"We examined how the presentation of risk assessment results and the race of the person charged affected pretrial court actors’ recommendations to release a person with or without conditions. A sample of 246 pretrial court actors read vignettes that varied risk framing (success, failure), risk format (probability, frequency), risk level (low, high), and race of the person charged (Black, White). Pretrial release recommendations did not differ as a function of framing or format overall or by race. Pretrial court actors were more likely to recommend release with conditions compared with release without conditions in the high- versus low-risk groups when the person was White but not when the person was Black. Findings fail to support changes to the presentation of pretrial risk assessment results as strategies to enhance their impact on release recommendations and underscore the need for efforts to ensure equitable application of risk assessment results for people of color.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":"1255 - 1278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47891007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Some Dynamic Risk Factors Signal Imminent Recidivism? Testing the Conceptual Distinction Between Stable and Acute Dynamic Risk Factors 动态危险因素是否预示着即将再犯?检验稳定和急性动态危险因素的概念区别
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231174903
S. Davies, C. Lloyd, D. Polaschek
{"title":"Do Some Dynamic Risk Factors Signal Imminent Recidivism? Testing the Conceptual Distinction Between Stable and Acute Dynamic Risk Factors","authors":"S. Davies, C. Lloyd, D. Polaschek","doi":"10.1177/00938548231174903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231174903","url":null,"abstract":"In correctional practice, acute and stable dynamic risk factors are conceptually distinct. This distinction, however, has limited empirical support. We suggest that when compared with stable factors, change in acute risk factors over short time periods should demonstrate a stronger association with imminent recidivism. Using a sample of high-risk New Zealand male parolees, we examined recidivism and change in scores on the Acute and Stable subscales from the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR). Short-term acute change was more strongly associated with imminent recidivism than short-term stable change. Notably, Acute change predicted imminent recidivism even after controlling for the most current acute assessment. Furthermore, variability across Acute, but not Stable, subscale scores enhanced prediction of imminent recidivism. These findings support the largely untested theoretical distinction between stable and acute risk factors, and tentatively support using DRAOR’s Acute subscale to guide immediate intervention decisions.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":"1120 - 1139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42352742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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