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Prison Overcrowding and Harsh Conditions: Health and Human Rights Concerns to Persons in Custody, Staff, and the Community 监狱过度拥挤和条件恶劣：被监禁者、工作人员和社区的健康和人权问题
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231219803
Frank Darkwa Baffour, Abraham P. Francis, Mark Chong, Nonie Harris
{"title":"Prison Overcrowding and Harsh Conditions: Health and Human Rights Concerns to Persons in Custody, Staff, and the Community","authors":"Frank Darkwa Baffour, Abraham P. Francis, Mark Chong, Nonie Harris","doi":"10.1177/00938548231219803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231219803","url":null,"abstract":"The article explored overcrowding in Ghana prisons and sought to understand its impact on the health and well-being of persons in custody and prison officers. Qualitative data from 38 participants who were serving terms or working in three prison facilities in Ghana revealed three themes, including (a) fear over the spread of communicable diseases, (b) limited access to basic resources, and (c) psychological and emotional burden, attributing them to overcrowding in the prisons. We discussed the findings from human rights and prison and public security perspectives and concluded that addressing overcrowding in prisons would ensure a healthy prison environment, which may have implications for the well-being and human rights of persons in custody, as well as public safety and the health of prison officers and the community. To achieve a healthy prison, policies should target prison depopulation and commitment from stakeholders to implement local and international prison rules and conventions.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"107 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incremental Validity of MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 Scores in Public Safety Candidate Pre-employment Psychological Evaluations 公共安全候选人就业前心理评估中 MMPI-3 和 NEO PI-3 分数的增量有效性
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231219809
Megan R. Whitman, Kaci Holmes, Laura SUE ELIAS, B. Cappo, Y. Ben-Porath
{"title":"Incremental Validity of MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 Scores in Public Safety Candidate Pre-employment Psychological Evaluations","authors":"Megan R. Whitman, Kaci Holmes, Laura SUE ELIAS, B. Cappo, Y. Ben-Porath","doi":"10.1177/00938548231219809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231219809","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the incremental validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) and the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO PI-3) scores in predicting California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training dimension (i.e., the POST-10) ratings in public safety ( n = 754) pre-employment psychological evaluations (PPEs). Although research has supported the use of the MMPI and NEO PI instruments separately, no study has evaluated the use of these abnormal- and normal-range tests in conjunction, consistent with the POST Manual requirement of use of clinical and normal-range personality measures. The MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 were completed during PPE. Problem ratings in the POST-10 dimensions were rated using information from the assessing psychologist’s report. MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 scores incremented one another in nearly every hierarchical ordinal logit regression model conducted to predict the ratings for five dimensions. Clinical implications and limitations, including potential criterion contamination especially for NEO PI-3 scores, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Qualitative Exploration of Shifts to Community Supervision Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic 对 COVID-19 大流行期间社区监督工作转变的定性探索
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231219805
Ashley Lockwood, Lucas M. Alward, J. Viglione
{"title":"A Qualitative Exploration of Shifts to Community Supervision Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Ashley Lockwood, Lucas M. Alward, J. Viglione","doi":"10.1177/00938548231219805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231219805","url":null,"abstract":"With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, community supervision agencies were forced to incorporate drastic changes to traditional supervision techniques, which shifted the daily roles of probation officers (POs). Research on the pandemic identifies rapid adaptations to supervision strategies and increased demands on POs during the pandemic. Using qualitative data from interviews with POs across the United States, the goal of this study was to examine the experiences of POs working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results suggest POs had to alter their supervision approach, both physically and ideologically. POs discussed shifts to both remote supervision in place of in-person work coupled with a need to use an “agent of change” approach given limited access to formal, punitive responses to noncompliance, with a priority on the highest risk/need clients. Findings suggest several implications for practice, including factors to consider regarding community correction reform efforts in a post-pandemic world.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"36 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adolescent Psychopathic Traits, Early Adversity, and Intimate Partner Violence 青少年心理变态特征、早期逆境和亲密伴侣暴力
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231219810
Kristopher J. Brazil, A. Forth
{"title":"Adolescent Psychopathic Traits, Early Adversity, and Intimate Partner Violence","authors":"Kristopher J. Brazil, A. Forth","doi":"10.1177/00938548231219810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231219810","url":null,"abstract":"Research shows psychopathic traits in adults are associated with perpetrating intimate partner violence (IPV). Less research, however, has examined this association in adolescents’ relationships. Our study examines whether adolescent psychopathic traits are associated with different forms of IPV and whether early adverse experiences of abuse and/or interparental violence might be implicated in this relationship. A mixed sample of 156 justice-involved and at-risk adolescents were assessed with the PCL:YV, participated in an early adversity interview assessing abuse and interparental violence, and completed IPV measures of physical and psychological aggressive acts. Psychopathic traits were associated with each IPV measure over and above early adversity. Psychopathic traits continued to be associated with psychological but not physical IPV after accounting for sample type. Furthermore, psychopathic traits indirectly linked interparental violence with psychological IPV, suggesting that psychopathic traits may play a role in the intergenerational perpetration of partner violence.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Association Between Misdemeanor Citation and Jail Placement 轻罪传唤与入狱之间的关系
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231219800
R.R. Dunlea
{"title":"The Association Between Misdemeanor Citation and Jail Placement","authors":"R.R. Dunlea","doi":"10.1177/00938548231219800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231219800","url":null,"abstract":"Jail population sizes are determined largely by decision-making in the courtroom. The current study recognizes the police officer’s influence in the courtroom and explores the impact of police officer decision-making on subsequent jail outcomes. Using administrative data on misdemeanor convictions processed in a mid-sized urban prosecutor’s office in Florida, I examine the relationship between discretionary citations in lieu of arrest, pretrial detention stays, and jail sentences. Results show that citations are not used frequently, but they are associated with lower rates of both detention and jail sentences. These findings are evidence of a custodial inertia, where defendants who begin their cases in jail are progressively more likely to be there during and after case processing. This points to a potential role for citations in lieu of arrest as a tool to help reduce jail overcrowding.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"132 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Networking of Abuse: Intimate Partner Violence and the Use of Social Technologies 虐待的网络化：亲密伴侣暴力与社交技术的使用
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231206827
Louis Bailey, Joanne Hulley, Tim Gomersall, Gillian Kirkman, Graham Gibbs, Adele D. Jones
{"title":"The Networking of Abuse: Intimate Partner Violence and the Use of Social Technologies","authors":"Louis Bailey, Joanne Hulley, Tim Gomersall, Gillian Kirkman, Graham Gibbs, Adele D. Jones","doi":"10.1177/00938548231206827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231206827","url":null,"abstract":"Coercive control has been shown to be far more damaging for victims psychologically than physical violence. Linked to this, domestic violence perpetrators are increasingly turning to the online world to enact control and abuse. Women are most likely to be killed once they have separated from their abusers, and perpetrators harness the online realm to continue the abuse long after a relationship has ended, with devastating consequences. This article draws on a subsection of data from a qualitative study as it relates to survivor accounts of online and technological abuse (via social media, mobile phones, Global Positioning Systems [GPS] tracking, etc.) as it is enacted by cisgender men against cisgender women. We reveal crucial evidence of the ways in which intimate partner abuse via the technological realm serves to exacerbate harm and prevent victims from fully recovering from their trauma.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of the Defense Attorney on Plea Decision-Making: An Experimental Analysis 辩护律师对辩诉决策的影响:实验分析
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208201
Emily Suiter, Christi Metcalfe
{"title":"The Impact of the Defense Attorney on Plea Decision-Making: An Experimental Analysis","authors":"Emily Suiter, Christi Metcalfe","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208201","url":null,"abstract":"Most criminal court cases are resolved through a plea, yet the plea decision-making process remains largely unexplored in comparison to other phases of case processing. With defendants reliant on their defense attorney during the plea process, it stands to reason that the characteristics of the defense attorney would impact plea decision-making. To assess this possibility, we administered an experimental vignette to a national sample, manipulating defense attorney type, race, sex, experience, familiarity with other courtroom workgroup members, and empathy toward the defendant. We found that respondents were more likely to accept a plea offer if the defense attorney was experienced and empathic. When the defense attorney was private, experienced, familiar, or empathic, respondents rated their defense attorney as more qualified, which then influenced their acceptance of the plea offer. Uncertainty of the outcome, consequences of a plea, and reasonableness of the plea offer were the common motivators in decision-making.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"102 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“It Makes Him Feel Even Farther Away”: Disruptions in Communication Among Families Impacted by Incarceration During the COVID-19 Pandemic “这让他感到更加遥远”:在COVID-19大流行期间，受监禁影响的家庭之间的沟通中断
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231206535
Breanna Boppre, Meghan A. Novisky
{"title":"“It Makes Him Feel Even Farther Away”: Disruptions in Communication Among Families Impacted by Incarceration During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Breanna Boppre, Meghan A. Novisky","doi":"10.1177/00938548231206535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231206535","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic impacted people across the globe but left particular risks and restrictions for incarcerated people. Lockdowns and the suspension of in-person visitation in U.S. facilities drastically changed everyday life for incarcerated people and their families. Families on the outside were left with less contact with their incarcerated loved ones. This study explores access to communication during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of families with incarcerated loved ones in the United States. We conducted two rounds of interviews with family members across 20 states ( n = 59). Results of our thematic analysis reveal stressors encountered by families during the pandemic, including worry and frustration around uncertainty in communication, disconnected relationships due to visitation closure, and additional financial and emotional burdens. Interviewees noted the importance of social support in coping with these stressors. We discuss theoretical and policy implications followed by future directions.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"151 2‐3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135392875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical Override Use With the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: Predictive Validity and Factors Associated With Case Management Use 临床覆盖使用与青年水平的服务/病例管理库存:预测有效性和与病例管理使用相关的因素
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208206
Fred Schmidt, Amy Killen, Dilys Haner, Elaine Toombs
{"title":"Clinical Override Use With the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: Predictive Validity and Factors Associated With Case Management Use","authors":"Fred Schmidt, Amy Killen, Dilys Haner, Elaine Toombs","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208206","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical discretion by youth probation officers to override the actuarial risk assessment classification on the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) is an important feature of case management practices. In a sample of 1,259 youth, the impact of clinical override on the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI and factors associated with override use were studied. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, the YLS/CMI demonstrated large effect size predictive validity values for general recidivism. Override occurred with 10.8% of youth and was more likely to be used with younger youth who had a sexual or violent index offense or those at the upper end of the moderate risk level. For youth where override was used, the YLS/CMI predictive validity became non-significant and fell to chance levels. The implications of these findings for field case management use, training, and probation officer decision-making practices are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"264 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral Injury as a Transdiagnostic Risk Factor for Mental Health Problems in Detained Youth 道德伤害是拘留青少年心理健康问题的跨诊断风险因素
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208203
Ava R. Alexander, Lucybel Mendez, Patricia K. Kerig
{"title":"Moral Injury as a Transdiagnostic Risk Factor for Mental Health Problems in Detained Youth","authors":"Ava R. Alexander, Lucybel Mendez, Patricia K. Kerig","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208203","url":null,"abstract":"Youth who become involved in the juvenile justice system are at highly elevated risk for many emotional and behavioral problems. Past research has often focused on trauma exposure as a transdiagnostic risk factor in this population. However, distress resulting from perpetrating or witnessing acts that conflict with one’s deeply held moral beliefs, termed moral injury, may also play a role in predisposing these youth toward negative mental health outcomes. This study utilized a sample of 96 youth housed in secure detention centers and tested associations between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and mental health outcomes, including anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). After controlling for trauma exposure and demographic variables, PMIEs were significantly and positively associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as engagement in NSSI. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"19 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135272580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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