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A Qualitative Exploration of Shifts to Community Supervision Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic 对 COVID-19 大流行期间社区监督工作转变的定性探索
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231219805
Ashley Lockwood, Lucas M. Alward, J. Viglione
{"title":"A Qualitative Exploration of Shifts to Community Supervision Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Ashley Lockwood, Lucas M. Alward, J. Viglione","doi":"10.1177/00938548231219805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231219805","url":null,"abstract":"With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, community supervision agencies were forced to incorporate drastic changes to traditional supervision techniques, which shifted the daily roles of probation officers (POs). Research on the pandemic identifies rapid adaptations to supervision strategies and increased demands on POs during the pandemic. Using qualitative data from interviews with POs across the United States, the goal of this study was to examine the experiences of POs working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results suggest POs had to alter their supervision approach, both physically and ideologically. POs discussed shifts to both remote supervision in place of in-person work coupled with a need to use an “agent of change” approach given limited access to formal, punitive responses to noncompliance, with a priority on the highest risk/need clients. Findings suggest several implications for practice, including factors to consider regarding community correction reform efforts in a post-pandemic world.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"36 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adolescent Psychopathic Traits, Early Adversity, and Intimate Partner Violence 青少年心理变态特征、早期逆境和亲密伴侣暴力
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231219810
Kristopher J. Brazil, A. Forth
{"title":"Adolescent Psychopathic Traits, Early Adversity, and Intimate Partner Violence","authors":"Kristopher J. Brazil, A. Forth","doi":"10.1177/00938548231219810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231219810","url":null,"abstract":"Research shows psychopathic traits in adults are associated with perpetrating intimate partner violence (IPV). Less research, however, has examined this association in adolescents’ relationships. Our study examines whether adolescent psychopathic traits are associated with different forms of IPV and whether early adverse experiences of abuse and/or interparental violence might be implicated in this relationship. A mixed sample of 156 justice-involved and at-risk adolescents were assessed with the PCL:YV, participated in an early adversity interview assessing abuse and interparental violence, and completed IPV measures of physical and psychological aggressive acts. Psychopathic traits were associated with each IPV measure over and above early adversity. Psychopathic traits continued to be associated with psychological but not physical IPV after accounting for sample type. Furthermore, psychopathic traits indirectly linked interparental violence with psychological IPV, suggesting that psychopathic traits may play a role in the intergenerational perpetration of partner violence.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Association Between Misdemeanor Citation and Jail Placement 轻罪传唤与入狱之间的关系
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231219800
R.R. Dunlea
{"title":"The Association Between Misdemeanor Citation and Jail Placement","authors":"R.R. Dunlea","doi":"10.1177/00938548231219800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231219800","url":null,"abstract":"Jail population sizes are determined largely by decision-making in the courtroom. The current study recognizes the police officer’s influence in the courtroom and explores the impact of police officer decision-making on subsequent jail outcomes. Using administrative data on misdemeanor convictions processed in a mid-sized urban prosecutor’s office in Florida, I examine the relationship between discretionary citations in lieu of arrest, pretrial detention stays, and jail sentences. Results show that citations are not used frequently, but they are associated with lower rates of both detention and jail sentences. These findings are evidence of a custodial inertia, where defendants who begin their cases in jail are progressively more likely to be there during and after case processing. This points to a potential role for citations in lieu of arrest as a tool to help reduce jail overcrowding.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"132 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Networking of Abuse: Intimate Partner Violence and the Use of Social Technologies 虐待的网络化：亲密伴侣暴力与社交技术的使用
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231206827
Louis Bailey, Joanne Hulley, Tim Gomersall, Gillian Kirkman, Graham Gibbs, Adele D. Jones
{"title":"The Networking of Abuse: Intimate Partner Violence and the Use of Social Technologies","authors":"Louis Bailey, Joanne Hulley, Tim Gomersall, Gillian Kirkman, Graham Gibbs, Adele D. Jones","doi":"10.1177/00938548231206827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231206827","url":null,"abstract":"Coercive control has been shown to be far more damaging for victims psychologically than physical violence. Linked to this, domestic violence perpetrators are increasingly turning to the online world to enact control and abuse. Women are most likely to be killed once they have separated from their abusers, and perpetrators harness the online realm to continue the abuse long after a relationship has ended, with devastating consequences. This article draws on a subsection of data from a qualitative study as it relates to survivor accounts of online and technological abuse (via social media, mobile phones, Global Positioning Systems [GPS] tracking, etc.) as it is enacted by cisgender men against cisgender women. We reveal crucial evidence of the ways in which intimate partner abuse via the technological realm serves to exacerbate harm and prevent victims from fully recovering from their trauma.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of the Defense Attorney on Plea Decision-Making: An Experimental Analysis 辩护律师对辩诉决策的影响:实验分析
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208201
Emily Suiter, Christi Metcalfe
{"title":"The Impact of the Defense Attorney on Plea Decision-Making: An Experimental Analysis","authors":"Emily Suiter, Christi Metcalfe","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208201","url":null,"abstract":"Most criminal court cases are resolved through a plea, yet the plea decision-making process remains largely unexplored in comparison to other phases of case processing. With defendants reliant on their defense attorney during the plea process, it stands to reason that the characteristics of the defense attorney would impact plea decision-making. To assess this possibility, we administered an experimental vignette to a national sample, manipulating defense attorney type, race, sex, experience, familiarity with other courtroom workgroup members, and empathy toward the defendant. We found that respondents were more likely to accept a plea offer if the defense attorney was experienced and empathic. When the defense attorney was private, experienced, familiar, or empathic, respondents rated their defense attorney as more qualified, which then influenced their acceptance of the plea offer. Uncertainty of the outcome, consequences of a plea, and reasonableness of the plea offer were the common motivators in decision-making.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"102 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“It Makes Him Feel Even Farther Away”: Disruptions in Communication Among Families Impacted by Incarceration During the COVID-19 Pandemic “这让他感到更加遥远”:在COVID-19大流行期间，受监禁影响的家庭之间的沟通中断
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231206535
Breanna Boppre, Meghan A. Novisky
{"title":"“It Makes Him Feel Even Farther Away”: Disruptions in Communication Among Families Impacted by Incarceration During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Breanna Boppre, Meghan A. Novisky","doi":"10.1177/00938548231206535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231206535","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic impacted people across the globe but left particular risks and restrictions for incarcerated people. Lockdowns and the suspension of in-person visitation in U.S. facilities drastically changed everyday life for incarcerated people and their families. Families on the outside were left with less contact with their incarcerated loved ones. This study explores access to communication during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of families with incarcerated loved ones in the United States. We conducted two rounds of interviews with family members across 20 states ( n = 59). Results of our thematic analysis reveal stressors encountered by families during the pandemic, including worry and frustration around uncertainty in communication, disconnected relationships due to visitation closure, and additional financial and emotional burdens. Interviewees noted the importance of social support in coping with these stressors. We discuss theoretical and policy implications followed by future directions.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"151 2‐3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135392875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical Override Use With the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: Predictive Validity and Factors Associated With Case Management Use 临床覆盖使用与青年水平的服务/病例管理库存:预测有效性和与病例管理使用相关的因素
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208206
Fred Schmidt, Amy Killen, Dilys Haner, Elaine Toombs
{"title":"Clinical Override Use With the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory: Predictive Validity and Factors Associated With Case Management Use","authors":"Fred Schmidt, Amy Killen, Dilys Haner, Elaine Toombs","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208206","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical discretion by youth probation officers to override the actuarial risk assessment classification on the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) is an important feature of case management practices. In a sample of 1,259 youth, the impact of clinical override on the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI and factors associated with override use were studied. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, the YLS/CMI demonstrated large effect size predictive validity values for general recidivism. Override occurred with 10.8% of youth and was more likely to be used with younger youth who had a sexual or violent index offense or those at the upper end of the moderate risk level. For youth where override was used, the YLS/CMI predictive validity became non-significant and fell to chance levels. The implications of these findings for field case management use, training, and probation officer decision-making practices are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"264 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral Injury as a Transdiagnostic Risk Factor for Mental Health Problems in Detained Youth 道德伤害是拘留青少年心理健康问题的跨诊断风险因素
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208203
Ava R. Alexander, Lucybel Mendez, Patricia K. Kerig
{"title":"Moral Injury as a Transdiagnostic Risk Factor for Mental Health Problems in Detained Youth","authors":"Ava R. Alexander, Lucybel Mendez, Patricia K. Kerig","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208203","url":null,"abstract":"Youth who become involved in the juvenile justice system are at highly elevated risk for many emotional and behavioral problems. Past research has often focused on trauma exposure as a transdiagnostic risk factor in this population. However, distress resulting from perpetrating or witnessing acts that conflict with one’s deeply held moral beliefs, termed moral injury, may also play a role in predisposing these youth toward negative mental health outcomes. This study utilized a sample of 96 youth housed in secure detention centers and tested associations between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and mental health outcomes, including anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). After controlling for trauma exposure and demographic variables, PMIEs were significantly and positively associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as engagement in NSSI. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"19 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135272580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining the Effects of Juvenile Drug Treatment Courts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 检验青少年戒毒法庭的效果:系统回顾与元分析
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208208
Emily E. Tanner-Smith, Frank Mojekwu, Lauren Frankel
{"title":"Examining the Effects of Juvenile Drug Treatment Courts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Emily E. Tanner-Smith, Frank Mojekwu, Lauren Frankel","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208208","url":null,"abstract":"We meta-analytically examined program graduation rates among juvenile drug treatment court (JDTC) participants, the effects of JDTCs on recidivism and substance use outcomes, and the variability in these effects. We systematically searched for controlled evaluations examining the effects of U.S.-based JDTCs relative to traditional juvenile adjudication and used mixed-effects meta-regressions with robust variance estimates. We identified 55 eligible samples (providing data from 12,310 participants); the overall certainty of evidence was low or very low. The average graduation rate among JDTC participants was 54.74% (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.50, 0.59]). JDTCs had modest beneficial effects on general recidivism assessed during court supervision (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% CI [1.03, 1.84]) but these effects did not persist after program completion. Correlational analyses suggest JDTCs may be effective when program enrollment and service provision are better tailored to youth’s treatment needs. However, due partly to implementation failures, JDTCs may have minimal to no effects on postprogram recidivism.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"36 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135272683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The CPORT and Risk Matrix 2000 for Men Convicted of Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) Offenses: A Predictive Accuracy Comparison and Meta-Analysis 对儿童性剥削材料(CSEM)犯罪的男性定罪的CPORT和风险矩阵2000:预测准确性比较和元分析
3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231208194
L. Maaike Helmus, Angela W. Eke, Linda Farmus, Michael C. Seto
{"title":"The CPORT and Risk Matrix 2000 for Men Convicted of Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) Offenses: A Predictive Accuracy Comparison and Meta-Analysis","authors":"L. Maaike Helmus, Angela W. Eke, Linda Farmus, Michael C. Seto","doi":"10.1177/00938548231208194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231208194","url":null,"abstract":"There is demand for valid risk assessment of individuals with child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) offenses. We compared the predictive performance of the Risk Matrix 2000/Sex (RM2000/S) and the Child Pornography Offender Risk Tool (CPORT) among 365 men convicted of CSEM offenses. In fixed 5-year follow-up analyses, the CPORT (area under the curve [AUC] = .73) had significantly higher predictive accuracy than the RM2000/S (AUC = .66) for any sexual recidivism. The predictive difference for CSEM recidivism was not statistically significant. A meta-analysis found the CPORT had large effects in predicting sexual recidivism (AUC = .75) and moderate accuracy for CSEM recidivism (AUCs = .65 and .66), while the RM2000/S had moderate accuracy in predicting any sexual recidivism (AUC = .66; insufficient studies of CSEM recidivism). Results suggest a tool developed specifically for CSEM offending, such as CPORT, may perform better at predicting any sexual recidivism than adapting a general sexual offending risk tool.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"22 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135272574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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