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Predicting Burnout, Well-Being, and Posttraumatic Growth in Correctional Officers 预测惩教人员的职业倦怠、幸福感和创伤后成长
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/00938548241233932
Olivia Miller, Jane Shakespeare-Finch, Dagmar Bruenig
{"title":"Predicting Burnout, Well-Being, and Posttraumatic Growth in Correctional Officers","authors":"Olivia Miller, Jane Shakespeare-Finch, Dagmar Bruenig","doi":"10.1177/00938548241233932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241233932","url":null,"abstract":"Correctional officers work in a stressful environment and are exposed to elevated levels of critical incidents. Such exposure can lead to negative psychological outcomes like burnout. However, positive psychological experiences including well-being and posttraumatic growth are also possible under such adverse conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore predictors of burnout, well-being, and posttraumatic growth in a sample of correctional officers ( N = 142). The results of multiple regression analyses indicated that age, workplace adversity, and resilience were significant predictors of correctional officer burnout. A sense of workplace belongingness and the use of adaptive coping strategies were significant positive predictors of well-being and posttraumatic growth. Trait resilience and the receipt of social support were additional significant positive predictors of well-being. These results highlight the importance of individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors in promoting positive health outcomes, preventing negative health outcomes, and providing avenues for staff support.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Comparison of Police Use of Force by Male and Female Officers in Canada: Rates, Modalities, Effectiveness, and Injuries 加拿大男女警官使用武力情况比较：使用率、方式、效果和受伤情况
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/00938548241227551
Jennifer Sheppard, Ariane-Jade Khanizadeh, Simon Baldwin, Craig Bennell
{"title":"A Comparison of Police Use of Force by Male and Female Officers in Canada: Rates, Modalities, Effectiveness, and Injuries","authors":"Jennifer Sheppard, Ariane-Jade Khanizadeh, Simon Baldwin, Craig Bennell","doi":"10.1177/00938548241227551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241227551","url":null,"abstract":"Research has reported inconsistent findings with respect to how female and male police officers use force. This study examined this issue in a Canadian context. Use of force data over 9 years were collected from a large Canadian police agency. The results demonstrated that, overall, female officers used force less frequently than male officers relative to the number of female and male officers within the participating police agency. Female officers had lower odds of using physical control “hard” options (e.g., stuns and strikes) and higher odds of using intermediate weapons (e.g., conducted energy weapon) compared with male officers. Female officers also generally reported less effectiveness, more injuries to themselves, and fewer injuries to subjects related to their use of force compared with male officers. Literature on police use of force and social role theory are used to help explain the findings, and recommendations for improving outcomes in police–public interactions are suggested.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustainability of Evidence-Based Practices: Risk-Need-Responsivity in Probation 7 Years Later 循证实践的可持续性：缓刑 7 年后的风险-需求-反应性
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1177/00938548241229193
Gina M. Vincent, Dara C. Drawbridge, Spencer G. Lawson, Kristina Todorovic, Rachael T. Perrault
{"title":"Sustainability of Evidence-Based Practices: Risk-Need-Responsivity in Probation 7 Years Later","authors":"Gina M. Vincent, Dara C. Drawbridge, Spencer G. Lawson, Kristina Todorovic, Rachael T. Perrault","doi":"10.1177/00938548241229193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241229193","url":null,"abstract":"This quasi-experimental, pre-post study investigated the sustainability of risk-needs assessment (RNA) and the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) practices in five juvenile probation offices across two states 7 years after rigorous implementation. The study evaluated adherence to practices and facilitators of sustainability via interviews with leadership ( N = 10) and probation officers ( N = 84) and a seventh-year cohort of youth propensity score matched to a cohort from the first year of implementation ( n = 730 per state cohort). Probation officers in both states reported relatively high adherence to RNR-based practices, and one state significantly improved adherence to its RNA administration policies and the risk principle. Adherence to the risk principle in placement and service referral decisions regressed in the other state. Essential ingredients for sustainment included maintaining staff training and monitoring, evolving RNR practices through the adoption of complementary evidence-based practices, and having court personnel who enable best practices.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using Latent Class Analysis to Produce a Typology of Korean Stalking Based on Court Judgments 利用潜类分析法根据法院判决对韩国跟踪骚扰行为进行分类
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1177/00938548241230004
Minkyung Bae, Bojeong Kang, Soo-Jung Lee
{"title":"Using Latent Class Analysis to Produce a Typology of Korean Stalking Based on Court Judgments","authors":"Minkyung Bae, Bojeong Kang, Soo-Jung Lee","doi":"10.1177/00938548241230004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241230004","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to develop guidelines for more appropriate interventions for people who stalk following the enforcement of the Stalking Crime Punishment Act. By content analysis, 407 cases of the first trial judgment data from the start of the stalking punishment law application were collected and substituted with categorical data. Three types of stalking persons—Aggressors, Indirect Contactors, and Approachers—were created by latent class analysis. Notable distinctions emerged among these types, encompassing criminal history, mental health, online sexual crimes, and the frequency of contact. For instance, Aggressors were individuals who displayed aggressive behaviors most frequently; Indirect Contactors engaged in online sexual harassment against victims; and Approachers approached victims without mutual agreement. Therefore, considering these findings would hold great significance when approaching individuals who engage in stalking with a more comprehensive understanding. This approach aims to provide insights to enhance criminal responses and practices in South Korea.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Association of Geographic Congruence With Postrelease Substance Use and Reincarceration 地域一致性与释放后药物使用和再监禁的关系
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/00938548241227545
Amanda M. Bunting, Martha Tillson, Michele Staton
{"title":"The Association of Geographic Congruence With Postrelease Substance Use and Reincarceration","authors":"Amanda M. Bunting, Martha Tillson, Michele Staton","doi":"10.1177/00938548241227545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241227545","url":null,"abstract":"This research examined consistency in living in the same geographical area pre- and post-incarceration as a predictor of postrelease substance use and recidivism. Data from a 2018–2020 cohort of the Criminal Justice Kentucky Treatment Outcome Study ( n = 935) were analyzed. Rural–urban congruence compared the county an individual reported living in prior to incarceration to the county they reported living in at the time of their follow-up. Logistic regressions examined the relationship between postrelease reentry supports and rural–urban congruence with outcomes. Postrelease, 41% of individuals were urban–urban congruent, 43% rural–rural congruent, and 16% incongruent. No differences were found for postrelease substance use. Congruent individuals were more likely to be reincarcerated during follow-up. For rural-congruent individuals, this relationship was influenced by employment. Specifically, they were less likely to be employed postrelease, which increased risk of reincarceration. The current research suggests that postrelease employment challenges may be partially driving recidivism risk among rural-congruent individuals.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Test of Job Demands-Resources Theory: Organizational Citizenship Behavior in a Carceral Setting 工作要求-资源理论的检验：监狱环境中的组织公民行为
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/00938548241227550
Katherine E. Rankin, Kassandra Cordero Treston
{"title":"A Test of Job Demands-Resources Theory: Organizational Citizenship Behavior in a Carceral Setting","authors":"Katherine E. Rankin, Kassandra Cordero Treston","doi":"10.1177/00938548241227550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241227550","url":null,"abstract":"Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), or behavior that goes above and beyond the call of duty, is believed to lead to a better functioning organization. The goal of this article was to examine workplace factors that may be associated with OCB among correctional officers using existing scholarship and the job demands-resources theory as a framework. Understanding how to foster OCB in correctional officers, in an era of high levels of dissatisfaction and turnover, is critical for creating a well-functioning prison agency. A sample of correctional officers from Texas and Massachusetts were surveyed for the current study ( n = 442). Initial findings indicate some support for the applicability of job demands-resources theory to OCB. Specifically, both leadership support (β = .28, p < .001) and coworker support (β = .12, p < .01) were significantly and positively associated with OCB.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emotional Wellbeing and Cognitive Appraisals Among Law Enforcement Exposed to Child Sexually Explicit Materials 接触儿童性暴露材料的执法人员的情感福祉和认知评价
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231224815
Jennifer E. O’Brien, Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan, Kimberly J. Mitchell
{"title":"Emotional Wellbeing and Cognitive Appraisals Among Law Enforcement Exposed to Child Sexually Explicit Materials","authors":"Jennifer E. O’Brien, Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan, Kimberly J. Mitchell","doi":"10.1177/00938548231224815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231224815","url":null,"abstract":"The cognitive appraisals of police investigators and forensic examiners working with child sexually explicit material (CSEM) may impact the level of distress they experience and its impact on holistic wellbeing. In the current study, we use an exploratory sequential mixed method design integrating quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Survey data were collected from 500 police investigators, forensic examiners, and others connected with the criminal justice system from across the United States; 258 of them also provided in-depth qualitative data. A principal components analysis uncovered initial components and latent probabilities, which were subsequently enriched with qualitative data coded using a grounded-theory approach. Results indicate that cognitive appraisals of law enforcement who investigate CSEM can be seen on two main axes: emotional vs cognitive and victim vs system. Cognitive-based and system-focused appraisals were associated with better wellbeing. Implications for officer wellness and future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139955025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Treatment Court Staffs’ Perceptions in Support of the Use of Virtual Services in Court Post-Pandemic 治疗法院工作人员支持大流行病后在法院使用虚拟服务的看法
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231219807
Meghan M. O’Neil, Barbara Andraka-Christou, Tara Kunkel, Kristina Bryant, Phil Huynh, Bradley Ray
{"title":"Treatment Court Staffs’ Perceptions in Support of the Use of Virtual Services in Court Post-Pandemic","authors":"Meghan M. O’Neil, Barbara Andraka-Christou, Tara Kunkel, Kristina Bryant, Phil Huynh, Bradley Ray","doi":"10.1177/00938548231219807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231219807","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted traditional courthouse operations, resulting in the abrupt and extensive adoption of virtual court proceedings. To date, limited empirical research has evaluated virtual treatment courts. Utilizing a novel national survey administered to 358 treatment court team members, we examine support for and barriers to virtual courts. Tested barriers include (a) access to technology, (b) Wi-Fi/internet, (c) private space to use technology, (d) technological skill level, and (e) attitudes toward virtual services. Staff most commonly reported “high support” for the continuation of virtual court proceedings including both hearings and pre-court meetings, and few staff reported “low support.” Treatment court team members expressing technological barriers—faced by themselves or clients—were less likely to support ongoing virtual services. Our analysis offers timely insights into how treatment courts have been transformed by the pandemic and an appreciation of barriers to and support for virtual continuation post-pandemic.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"134 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prison Overcrowding and Harsh Conditions: Health and Human Rights Concerns to Persons in Custody, Staff, and the Community 监狱过度拥挤和条件恶劣：被监禁者、工作人员和社区的健康和人权问题
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231219803
Frank Darkwa Baffour, Abraham P. Francis, Mark Chong, Nonie Harris
{"title":"Prison Overcrowding and Harsh Conditions: Health and Human Rights Concerns to Persons in Custody, Staff, and the Community","authors":"Frank Darkwa Baffour, Abraham P. Francis, Mark Chong, Nonie Harris","doi":"10.1177/00938548231219803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231219803","url":null,"abstract":"The article explored overcrowding in Ghana prisons and sought to understand its impact on the health and well-being of persons in custody and prison officers. Qualitative data from 38 participants who were serving terms or working in three prison facilities in Ghana revealed three themes, including (a) fear over the spread of communicable diseases, (b) limited access to basic resources, and (c) psychological and emotional burden, attributing them to overcrowding in the prisons. We discussed the findings from human rights and prison and public security perspectives and concluded that addressing overcrowding in prisons would ensure a healthy prison environment, which may have implications for the well-being and human rights of persons in custody, as well as public safety and the health of prison officers and the community. To achieve a healthy prison, policies should target prison depopulation and commitment from stakeholders to implement local and international prison rules and conventions.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":"107 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incremental Validity of MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 Scores in Public Safety Candidate Pre-employment Psychological Evaluations 公共安全候选人就业前心理评估中 MMPI-3 和 NEO PI-3 分数的增量有效性
IF 2.1 3区 心理学
Criminal Justice and Behavior Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231219809
Megan R. Whitman, Kaci Holmes, Laura SUE ELIAS, B. Cappo, Y. Ben-Porath
{"title":"Incremental Validity of MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 Scores in Public Safety Candidate Pre-employment Psychological Evaluations","authors":"Megan R. Whitman, Kaci Holmes, Laura SUE ELIAS, B. Cappo, Y. Ben-Porath","doi":"10.1177/00938548231219809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231219809","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the incremental validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) and the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO PI-3) scores in predicting California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training dimension (i.e., the POST-10) ratings in public safety ( n = 754) pre-employment psychological evaluations (PPEs). Although research has supported the use of the MMPI and NEO PI instruments separately, no study has evaluated the use of these abnormal- and normal-range tests in conjunction, consistent with the POST Manual requirement of use of clinical and normal-range personality measures. The MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 were completed during PPE. Problem ratings in the POST-10 dimensions were rated using information from the assessing psychologist’s report. MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 scores incremented one another in nearly every hierarchical ordinal logit regression model conducted to predict the ratings for five dimensions. Clinical implications and limitations, including potential criterion contamination especially for NEO PI-3 scores, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48287,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice and Behavior","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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